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It's a Wonderful Life

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The Trope Namer for It's a Wonderful Plot, and an annual staple of Christmastime viewing, this much-beloved 1946 Frank Capra film tells of one man's life of self-sacrifice and quiet despair, from which he is rescued by a miracle.As the film begins, it's Christmas Eve 1945, and two angels are listening to myriad prayers from various residents of the small town of Bedford Falls, New York, all requesting help for a certain George Bailey. Summoning a third angel, called Clarence Oddbody, they tell him he must answer the prayers, but only after he's been told who George is. Cue Flashback.Zooming in on Bedford Falls in 1919, the first thing we see 12-year-old George do is rescue his younger brother Harry from drowning in a frozen pond, at the cost of permanent deafness in one ear. A little while later, a girl named Mary Hatch whispers promises of eternal love into that deaf ear shortly before George saves another life, and a pharmacist's career.Skipping ahead a few years, we see the now-grown George (Jimmy Stewart) attending Harry's high school graduation dance, held in the school's gymnasium/swimming pool. There, George tells Mary (Donna Reed) about his plans for the future: leave town, see the world, go to college, build big things. But before an hour has gone, George learns his father has had a fatal stroke. His dreams will have to be deferred.George stays in Bedford Falls to help his absent-minded Uncle Billy (Thomas Mitchell) look after the family business, the Bailey Bros. Building and Loan Association, on the understanding that Harry will take over when he returns from college. However, Harry brings back a wife, whose father offers him a much better job, which George insists Harry take, sacrificing his opportunity. Soon afterward, George himself is offered a better job, but turns it down, knowing that without him the family business will be taken over by the avaricious banker, Mr. Henry Potter (Lionel Barrymore). He is further tied to Bedford Falls when he and Mary get married, are forced to use their honeymoon nest egg to keep the Building and Loan afloat after a run on the bank, and eventually have four kids together.For several years, George's life continues in this vein. Every golden opportunity is frustrated by his self-imposed duties, until one Christmas Eve, when Potter seizes an opportunity, thanks to George's hapless uncle, to steal $8,000 from the Building and Loan, then threatens to charge George with the theft. This latest indignity, on top of his daily troubles, drives George first to verbally abuse his family, to get drunk, and then to attempt suicide, after realizing his life insurance would be able to cover all his debts and then some.This is where the film began. Clarence (Henry Travers) appears, prevents George from committing suicide, and then grants his rhetorical wish that he'd never been born, creating an Alternate Universe in which George never existed.Wandering around town, George soon discovers that Pottersville, the alternate Bedford Falls, is teeming with seedy bars, nightclubs, burlesque houses, pool halls, gambling dens, and pawn shops. All of his friends and acquaintances are miserable, his brother is dead (as are a number of soldiers whose lives Harry saved in World War II), his mother is a bitter widow who runs a dilapidated boarding house, his uncle has been institutionalized since the failure of the Building and Loan, and his wife is a spinster librarian. Clarence then explains how George single-handedly prevented this dire fate. He, and he alone, kept Potter in check, preventing the town from descending into squalor, crime, and vice.George takes back his wish and Bedford Falls is restored. When he returns home, the sheriff is there with a warrant for his arrest, but all the neighbors rush in, offering money. Mary had started making telephone calls immediately after George left the house, finding out the truth and spreading the word. George has been saved. His life may never improve, but he now knows that he is appreciated, and has made a difference.Adapted by Capra and screenwriters Frances Goodrich, Albert Hackett, and Jo Swerlingnote with uncredited contributions from Michael Wilson and Dorothy Parker from Philip Van Doren Stern's 1943 short story "The Greatest Gift", It's a Wonderful Life was a box-office disappointment on its initial releasenote The general consensus is that it was a little too thematically dark and heavy for an immediate postwar audience looking for lighthearted escapism, and being a Christmas movie that opened in early summer probably didn't help either. but enjoyed a popular resurgence in the US beginning in the 1970s, when it was discovered that a clerical error had prevented its copyright from being renewed, which meant the film was now in the Public Domain and any television station could legally show it as often as they wanted without paying for a license. Many PBS stations across the country would run it during pledge week, it was a staple on AMC during its American Movie Classics era, and around the holidays it wasn't unusual to find as many as four or five local stations in a given market all carrying the movie at some time of the day or evening. It was also issued on VHS, in varying levels of quality, by numerous companies large and small.This practice ended when Republic Pictures, the successor to the film's original rights holder, realized that though they couldn't claim copyright over the film itself, they could claim the rights to the original screenplay and music... and promptly did so. Republic then announced that from that point forward they would be enforcing their copyright on the music and story, meaning you'd now need a license to broadcast the movie. NBC has held exclusive network TV rights since 1994, and typically airs it on Christmas Eve each year; since 2014 various cable channels owned by NBCUniversal, such as USA Network and Bravo, have given the film a few additional showings each year, while its E! network has run an annual 24-hour marathon of it every Christmas Eve and Christmas Day since 2020. Similarly, Paramount (whose parent company Viacom, now known as Paramount Global, acquired Republic's library though its Melange Pictures holding company in the late 1990s) currently holds exclusive home video rights for the film (most of the other titles that Paramount owns through Melange Pictures are distributed on home video by Kino Lorber). Prime Video gained the online streaming rights in 2018. Meanwhile, the copyrights to both "The Greatest Gift" and the music score will expire by the time the film turns 100 years old in 2046, meaning that it will once again enter the public domain, this time for good.If you would like to read "The Greatest Gift'", choose this link. If you'd rather read the screenplay, click on this link.Not to be confused with It's a Wonderful World, a completely different black-and-white movie starring Jimmy Stewart made seven years prior. Neither one should be confused with the video games It's a Wonderful World, aka The World Ends with You; or Harvest Moon: A Wonderful Life, which is about farming.
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Jacob Marley Apparel
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Jacob Marley Apparel: Clarence is still wearing the undershirt he wore when he kicked it. "I didn't have time to get changed."
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Crucified Hero Shot
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Crucified Hero Shot: If you're looking for it, it's so obvious: when the angels 'pause' George's life (in the first scene we see of his adulthood), he's standing with his arms held up and out in the pose. This is a subversion, however, as George is shown from the side, rather than the front, and has spread out his arms to excitedly ask for a large suitcase.
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Instantly Proven Wrong
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Moments later, the townspeople dig into their savings and raise the money George needs to make up the discrepancy in the accounts, disproving Potter's prediction that they would run him out of town, much to Potter's chagrin.
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Heroic BSoD
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Heroic BSoD: George suffers this when he's on the verge of being arrested for embezzlement.
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Stars Are Souls
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Stars Are Souls: At the beginning, some angels are talking and the visuals shown are a galaxy and a nebula that flash in synch with their voices. Then Clarence is summoned and a smaller star shoots into view. Clarence is also explained to have died previously, although we aren't told whether the other two angels were ever people. The first two beings are thought to be God the Father and Saint Joseph. The closed captioning on the DVD, however, calls the seniormost angel "Franklin," and if this is the case Joseph is likely not that Joseph, either. Franklin was apparently intended at one point to be the spirit of Benjamin Franklin.
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Tempting Fate
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Tempting Fate: Uncle Billy, when he goes over to Potter's S&L to deposit the money:
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The Dutiful Son
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The Dutiful Son: George stays in Bedford Falls to take over his deceased father's business.
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The Anti-Nihilist
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The Anti-Nihilist: For a movie considered the most inspiring movie ever, it's ultimately this. It makes no secret that life can be despairing and cruel and dreams just won't ever work out. But you can either give up on it or go out and appreciate it however you can.
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All There in the Manual
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All There in the Manual: The man whose tree George crashes his car into is never named in the film. The short story gives his name as Hank Biddle.
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Title Drop
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Title Drop: Clarence pulls this on George.
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Sibling Rivalry
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Sibling Rivalry Averted entirely with George and Harry. While watching Harry live his own dreams and then some clearly causes George intense pain, he doesn't resent his little brother for it, as he's very aware that he himself has been the one choosing to step aside, do his duty, and not ask Harry to give up incredible opportunities for George's sake. And for his part, Harry Bailey clearly feels every ounce of that debt—he initially swears to his brother that he intends to honor their agreement, turn down the promising researcher position and run the Building & Loan as promised. He also stands up a dinner invitation with the President of the United States when he hears about trouble at home. George is his big brother, and Harry looks at him like he personally hung the stars.
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Alternate Timeline
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Kind of a dark one (though YMMV in regards to how dark). George at one point asks Mary what she'd be if they weren't together. She jokingly replies "an old maid" and it's quickly forgotten. Come the Alternate Timeline, though...
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Daddy's Girl
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Daddy's Girl: Zuzu seems to be this.
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Say My Name
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Say My Name: When Pottersville's Bert has Clarence pinned down and preparing to 'cuff him, Clarence yells out Joseph's name to help him before vanishing into thin air. George screams Clarence's name numerous times at the end of the Pottersville sequence, before Bert shows up, as he's fleeing from Bert, and when he gets to the bridge to beg for his old life back. When Bert arrives at the bridge and George continues yelling, he frantically asks "What in the Sam Hill you yelling for, George?!" Realizing that Bert just called him by his name is George's first clue he's back in the real world. George yells Mary's name a few times after he returns to the real world as he joyously runs home.
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David Versus Goliath
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David Versus Goliath: George vs. Mr. Potter.
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Visual Pun
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Visual Pun: When the Martinis are moving to their new house, George offers to bring "the kids" over in his car. As the many children load up, the last one in is a young goat.
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The Stoic
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Throughout the film, the bank examiner is mostly The Stoic who is primarily focused on his job and keeping the Building and Loan running smoothly. However, during the giant party at the end, he silently walks up to the pile of donations that the townspeople have made, throws in a few dollars, and breaks into both a smile and a song.
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The Voice
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The Voice: Angels Franklin and Joseph, who only "appear" as stars in the night sky during the opening scene.
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Those Two Guys
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Those Two Guys: Bert and Ernie. Even in Pottersville they appear to be this.
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Childhood Friend Romance
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Childhood Friend Romance: Mary, who was in love with George from girlhood onward.
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Never Recycle a Building
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Never Recycle a Building: George and Mary move into an old abandoned mansion which, until then, had been used for the local teens to throw rocks at.
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Gender-Equal Ensemble
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Gender-Equal Ensemble: The Bailey family after George and Mary have children, as there are three males (George, Pete and Tommy) and three females (Mary, Janie and Zuzu).
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I Surrender, Suckers
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I Surrender, Suckers: Averted. Potter tries to hire George away from the B&L which means a) he'd only have to deal with Uncle Billy, and b) George would be legally obligated to be on Potter's side (or recuse himself) from any conflict with the B&L. All for a grand total of $60,000, and three years later, George would be fired from his job and the B&L would be no more.
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Papa Wolf
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George himself gets one when he goes Papa Wolf on Zuzu's teacher Mrs. Welch. He's absolutely correct that she ought to have told Zuzu to button up her coat on a snowy winter day. While her sickness isn't bad and she's proud of her flower, she could have gotten worse.
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Vice City
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Vice City: Pottersville seems to be full of less than reputable establishments, including sleazy dance clubs, pawn shops, and boarded-up house ruins.
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Stealth Pun
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Stealth Pun: Uncle Billy's pet crow is played by Jimmy the raven (a.k.a. Jimmy the Crow, an animal performer who also appeared in You Can't Take It With You and The Wizard of Oz.
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I Own This Town
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I Own This Town: Potter, with all the businesses he owns, already comes close to it in regular old Bedford Falls. In Pottersville, Exactly What It Says on the Tin is in effect.
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I Need a Freaking Drink
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I Need a Freaking Drink: In Pottersville, George convinces himself that a stiff one will clear him right up. Ernie says this after he witnesses Clarence teleport. After George successfully keeps the Building and Loan open with the $2,000 from his and Mary's wedding, he, Uncle Billy, Tilly, and Eustace all down a round of booze from Uncle Billy's flask.
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Hidden Heart of Gold
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It's notable that just before the Sheriff rips up the warrant, Carter, the bank examiner, comes up to the table and drops a few dollars off, giving George a look that says, "Don't tell anyone, okay?" Most likely, Carter has seen enough to realize there's no way George outright stole the money, and he told the Sheriff to forget about the arrest.
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Adaptational Villainy
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Adaptational Villainy: In "The Greatest Gift", the short story that the movie is based on, Mr. Potter is only the unseen owner of a photography studio and doesn't have any conflict with George.
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Crapsack World
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Crapsack World: Pottersville, at least from Capra's wholesome, conservative Catholic perspective. The main part of town is a swinging place packed with bars, dance halls, strip clubs, and gambling dens blasting jazz music. (Just in case you might think that actually sounds pretty awesome, the rest of the town is a depressing, dreary slum full of abandoned houses, where the people George knows are all miserable. George spends most of the Pottersville sequence trying to find the last friend he saw, bar owner Martini. A deleted scene exists in which George finds Martini's grave near Harry's, as Clarence explains that Martini and his family died in a fire because they couldn't move out of Potter's slums.) The primary reason that Pottersville is where Bedford Falls ought to be: George Bailey wished that he'd never been born, and the town wasn't the same without his wholesome influence.
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Failed a Spot Check
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Failed a Spot Check: George and Mary are the only couple who don't realize they're dancing over a swimming pool until they fall into it. Uncle Billy losing $8000 in an envelope wrapped in a newspaper that he inadvertently gives to Potter. When George is about to commit suicide, Clarence jumps in first, so George naturally jumps in to save him. He fails to realize Clarence was not on the single-level bridge near him, despite "falling in" right in front of George.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_21ef4ccd
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Good Is Not Dumb
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Good Is Not Dumb: George is idealistic but not foolish. His rant at Potter in the board meeting after his father's death illustrates this. He'll handle things differently from his father (who was "no businessman"), but he won't turn down people in trouble and he'll make certain the homes in his subdivision are attractive, well-made and solid, even if they're just "a couple of decent rooms and a bath."
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Good Is Not Nice
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Good Is Not Nice: Franklin and Joseph who assign tasks to lower ranking angels, describe Clarence as having the IQ of a rabbit.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_22cf50f9
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Chekhov's Gag
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_22cf50f9
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Chekhov's Gag: Uncle Billy's being forgetful and scatter-brained is Played for Laughs for about 2/3 of the film until his carelessness leads him to leave the company's $8,000 with Mr Potter.
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Chekhov's Gun
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Chekhov's Gun: George losing the hearing in his left ear as a child when saving Harry from drowning means he is unable to enlist (as he likely wanted to) when WW2 breaks out. Zuzu's petals themselves are a symbolic detail, but otherwise immediately meaningless other than being a memento George can hold onto that reminds him of his daughter... that is, until Clarence tells George the petals don't exist in the alternate timeline. Not only does this immediately tell George that Clarence is far more aware than he believes him to be, but that there are horrible implications about the existence of his family in this timeline.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_23473ae7
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Adaptation Expansion
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Adaptation Expansion: The first half of It's a Wonderful Life is almost an entirely original story, while the second half (the final Christmas scenes) are adapted from "The Greatest Gift" by Philip Van Doren Stern.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_237404cc
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Ironic Echo
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Ironic Echo: Potter's brow is twisted with rage as he recalls George calling him a "warped, frustrated old man."
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Adaptation Deviation
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Adaptation Deviation: Several, naturally, but the most notable is the change to Mary's fate in the timeline where George was never born. In the film, she never married and works at the library, which Clarence finds too terrible to speak of. In the short story, she was married to an abusive alcoholic — an appropriately horrific fate that would've seemed just as sad and frightening to viewers decades later with no Values Dissonance involved.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2534ee67
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In Medias Res
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In Medias Res: The film starts on Christmas Eve when everyone is praying for George, then jumps back in time via a flashback started by Joseph.
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No-Holds-Barred Beatdown
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_25524784
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In the film, at least, it's never revealed if Potter is exposed for embezzling the money. Several script drafts and parodies showed him facing karma and a No-Holds-Barred Beatdown from the town, but that's not the finished product.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_280658ca
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Happiness Realized Too Late
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Happiness Realized Too Late: With Clarence's help, George ultimately realizes that even with his dreams of becoming an architect and travelling around the world no longer possible, he still has friends and happiness, a realization that convinces him not to commit suicide.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_280f59bf
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Extremely Short Timespan
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Extremely Short Time Span: Although the first two-thirds of the film covers the last quarter century or so of George's life, the flashbacks are shown to be Clarence's mission briefing and go faster than real time. (At the beginning, when Clarence is informed that George will attempt suicide at 10:45 pm, he comments that he's "only got one hour to dress", to which he's told he will "spend that hour getting acquainted with George Bailey".) Even after Clarence turns up for the final act and we see time skips, they are each only about five or six minutes. Near the end, when George returns home, the clock reads 11:54, six minutes before the film ends. All told, the film proper begins at about 9:40 pm on Christmas Eve and ends at midnight on Christmas Day.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_289008dc
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Incorruptible Pure Pureness
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_289008dc
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Incorruptible Pure Pureness: George Bailey. He loses his pureness in a few brief scenes, when he's freaking out about the missing money. But he always returns to his true self. He apologizes to his children after he yells at them. And he selflessly takes the fall for Uncle Billy, despite his earlier outburst.
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Lampshade Hanging
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Lampshade Hanging: Uncle Billy notes that "Nobody changes here!" after Harry comes home from college.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2a2d62a0
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Talking Down the Suicidal
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Talking Down the Suicidal: The whole reason for the plot. The angels have decided to respond to the many people praying for George Bailey by having Clarence do whatever he can to persuade George to not commit suicide. He does this by granting George's wish to have never been born and showing him the resulting state of affairs, demonstrating what a positive force George has been in the lives of his friends and family.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2a35374f
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Villainous Gentrification
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2a35374f
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Villainous Gentrification: What Pottersville represents in George Bailey's vision. Bedford Falls was never entirely perfect to George, and indeed he longed all his life to escape there, but seeing the little good that did exist, and the entire community get destroyed in the alternate timeline scares him out of his resentment.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2b851bd4
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The Scrooge
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2b851bd4
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The Scrooge: Potter, for all of his miserable, misanthropic sentiments as Bedford Falls' richest tycoon and the #1 financial bigwig in town.
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Head-Turning Beauty
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2ceee1dc
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Head-Turning Beauty: Violet Bick nearly causes a man to get run over just because he's so distracted by her looks that he nearly walks into a speeding car.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2cf282ea
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She Is All Grown Up
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2cf282ea
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She Is All Grown Up: George has to be strong-armed into dancing with his friend's "kid sister" Mary at the graduation party, and reluctantly agrees only as a favor to his friend. Then he sees what Mary looks like now, and isn't reluctant any more.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2d7ef923
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Mistaken for Cheating
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2d7ef923
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Mistaken for Cheating: Potter very strongly implies that some folk think that George is having an affair with Violet, due to his loaning her money.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2dcb1d2e
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Black Gal on White Guy Drama
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2dcb1d2e
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Black Gal on White Guy Drama: Harry's running around hitting on Annie (and Annie's threats to knock Harry out with her broom) is obviously meant as a joke, and one suspects both Harry and Annie banter like this all the time. Still, Harry is an 18-year-old white man flirting with a black woman twenty years his senior. Not something you'd see in a lot of movies in 1947.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2e8441c9
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The Bad Guy Wins
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2e8441c9
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The Bad Guy Wins: In George's absence, Bedford Falls becomes Pottersville, and everyone who lives there suffers for it.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2ec219ee
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Butterfly of Doom
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2ec219ee
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Butterfly of Doom: George Bailey never being born causes Bedford Falls to become Pottersville. As for more details: George saving his brother as a child: George prevented a grief-stricken Mr. Gower from accidentally poisoning a child, which would have caused the child to die and Mr. Gower to serve a two-decade prison sentence before becoming an alcoholic, homeless man. George prevented the failure of the Bailey B&L, which would have closed after his father died, leaving Uncle Billy to end up in the nuthouse due to the stress he endured. Mary never found love. Grief stricken by her husband and Harry's deaths, as well as Billy's institutionalization, George's mother became a bitter woman running a boarding house. Ernie's financial difficulties put a strain on his marriage and his wife took their child and left, leaving him living alone in one of Potter's slums instead of with his family in one of Bailey Park's houses. He mentions that, in 1946(ish), she had left him three years before. This means she left him while he was away fighting in the War. In-movie, George spends time trying to find the bar owner Martini, one of the last people he talked to before entering Pottersville. A deleted scene showed that Martini and his whole family had died in a massive fire that consumed Potter's slums because George and the Building & Loan didn't build the Bailey Park housing complex they moved into. George goes deaf in his left ear as a result of a bad cold he caught after saving Harry from drowning. This results in him being unable to fight in World War II and enables him to stay in Bedford Falls, and possibly means that it is another stumbling block for Potter, because George is the only one seemingly able to keep him in check and prevent him from taking over the town. Thanks to a comment from George offscreen, Sam was able to set up a factory for making plastics out of soybeans and make a fortune from it. Without George there to make that comment (though we never see Sam during the scenes of Pottersville), he would likely have never set up the factory.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2ec6e90f
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Yet Another Christmas Carol
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2ec6e90f
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Yet Another Christmas Carol: The film is basically a (modern) inversion of Dickens' story. Instead of a Jerkass who learns to be a good man after seeing that people would be either uncaring or outright happier with him gone, it's about a good man who despairs that he hasn't mattered to anyone, and sees just how much of a difference he has made.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2f1fa94c
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Mysterious Middle Initial
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2f1fa94c
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Mysterious Middle Initial: Henry F. Potter.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2f36d97
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Older Than They Look
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2f36d97
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Older Than They Look: "Two hundred and ninety-three, ahh......next May." Which oddly suggests that he would more likely have been a fan of John Milton than Mark Twain.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2f57a4cb
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Divine Intervention
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2f57a4cb
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Divine Intervention: The plot of the film is centered around this, God responding to the prayers of the people of Bedford Falls by sending an angel to keep George from taking his own life. In a more direct but subtle sense, George himself prays to God twice. The first time is in Martini's bar, where he prays for help with his dire financial circumstances. Seconds later, his friends start to ask him what's wrong and if they can help, which is ultimately what ends up saving him. The second time is on the bridge when he pleads with Clarence to restore him to life. It's only after he asks God directly that it starts to snow again, showing he's been returned to his life.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2fd7200b
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Dead Guy Junior
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_2fd7200b
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Dead Guy Junior: George and Mary's first son is named Peter, after George's late father.
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Chivalrous Pervert
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_30de7a51
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Chivalrous Pervert: George shows signs of this when Mary's stuck in a hydrangea bush without her bathrobe. "Maybe I can sell tickets."
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The City Narrows
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_30ef2781
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Pottersville. Ernie lives "in a shack in Potter's Field", the bizarro version of Bailey Park.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_319e4a2f
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Even Evil Has Standards
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_319e4a2f
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Even Evil Has Standards: Subverted. Potter, who's been shown to be amoral but not criminal, almost seems like he's going to return the $8,000 but he ultimately keeps it to see the Baileys ruined.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_31da1e24
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Shipper on Deck
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_31da1e24
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Shipper on Deck: A middle-aged man who is tired of waiting for George and Mary to kiss. George's mother also qualifies when she pushes George to track down Mary. Mrs Hatch appears to be one for Mary and Sam Wainwright, saying to her that Sam doesn't want to speak to George (he does), and listening in on the extension phone until Mary points this out to George and Sam.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_3322dd48
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Hollywood Law
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_3322dd48
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In strict fairness, there's no indication that any actual charges had been laid—George hadn't even had a chance to discuss the discrepancy with the bank examiner yet, and Potter openly admits to using his influence on the town to get a warrant out for George's arrest through channels that do not seem legal—a warrant issued before the bank examiner even had a chance to raise the issue, before any formal investigation had been carried out at all? That's incredibly sketchy. The solution may be Hollywood Law, but it's understood that so was the warrant itself, so it all comes out in the wash.
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Adapted Out
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Adapted Out: Mary's abusive husband from the alternate universe in the original story.
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Bad Guys Do the Dirty Work
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_34579385
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Bad Guys Do the Dirty Work: During World War II, Potter served as head of the draft board. It's the only time his Lack of Empathy was actually used in service of a greater good.
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Rule of Pool
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_36ec2454
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Rule of Pool: As a prank against George in the dancing scene in the high school gym, the floor is opened to reveal the swimming pool under it, so that George will fall in. George and Mary eventually do fall in, but once they land in the water, they just keep on dancing. This causes almost everyone else (including the pranksters and eventually the school principal) to follow them into the pool.
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Real Award, Fictional Character
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Real Award, Fictional Character: Harry Bailey received the Medal of Honor for his heroism in World War II.
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Barrier Maiden
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_37f9376a
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Barrier Maiden: George's influence protects Bedford Falls from becoming Pottersville.
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Bill... Bill... Junk... Bill...
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_3823c722
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Bill... Bill... Junk... Bill...: Potter, as head of the draft board: "1A...1A......1A."note 1A means "Available for military service"
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Batman Gambit
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_38d02d44
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Batman Gambit: When George is on the verge of suicide by jumping off a bridge into a river, Clarence decides that the best way to stop him is to jump in himself and then yell for help, so that George will drop everything and try to save him. It works. Bonus points for the parallel to the childhood incident (which Clarence saw) where George saved his own brother from drowning.
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Actor Allusion
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_392372f9
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Actor Allusion: George hopes to go to college to "learn how to build things." In real life, James Stewart majored in architecture at Princeton University. Lionel Barrymore played Scrooge in the popular annual radio version of A Christmas Carol, so casting him as Potter emphasized the similarities in the two characters for 1946 audiences. The newspaper Bert the cop is holding when George asks Ernie the cab driver for a ride, has the headline "Smith Wins Nomination". note In-universe, this was likely a reference to New York Governor Al Smith, who unsuccessfully ran for president in 1928.
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_392372f9
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_393da8a1
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Secret Message Wink
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_393da8a1
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Secret Message Wink: After George hears the bell ring and realizes Clarence finally got his wings, he looks up and winks at Clarence as a secret thank-you for everything.
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_393da8a1
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_3bc88a7f
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Foregone Conclusion
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_3bc88a7f
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Foregone Conclusion: After Clarence is shown the moment where George had to choose between leaving for college or taking over the Building & Loan so it wouldn't be dissolved, he tells God and Joseph he already knows George chose the latter.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_3c3f28a5
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Blessed with Suck
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_3c3f28a5
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Blessed with Suck: George's bad ear keeps him out of the war while he fights "The Battle of Bedford Falls," (air-raid warden, scrap drive organizer, etc. Even during a war, George is unable to leave the town.)
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_3fb6b526
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Delayed Reaction
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_3fb6b526
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Delayed Reaction: George doesn't immediately register when Mary tells him that she is pregnant.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_3fca462c
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Deus ex Machina
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_3fca462c
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When Pottersville's Bert has Clarence pinned down and preparing to 'cuff him, Clarence yells out Joseph's name to help him before vanishing into thin air.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_401d4116
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Broken Aesop
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Broken Aesop: The film's anti-suicide message works well for a superlative community member like George. But most suicidal people don't have anything like George's list of accomplishments, or even loved ones like George has (many suicides have alienated their loved ones, who have given up on them, or are elderly people who have outlived their loved ones). By leaning so heavily on social value as the justification for anti-suicide, instead of arguing for the inherent dignity of all human life, the film risks telling suicidal people who have no value to society (or merely think they do) that they may as well kill themselves.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_40c57041
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Manipulative Bastard
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_40c57041
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Manipulative Bastard: Mr. Potter is a textbook example of this trope, constantly scheming and plotting, to ruin George Bailey's life, and by extension, the lives of the inhabitants of Bedford Falls. Not for nothing is he ranked #6 on AFI's List of "Villains"
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_40cbee83
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Wretched Hive
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Wretched Hive: Without George's wholesome influence, Bedford Falls would have turned into this as Pottersville in the alternate reality.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_40cc0c7e
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Bittersweet Ending
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_40cc0c7e
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Bittersweet Ending: Surprisingly for such a famously feel-good movie. Potter gets off scot-free for everything he did and George never gets the chance to live his dream of traveling abroad and becoming an architect. However, George is now content with his life knowing that everything he's done has saved Bedford Falls from the influence of Potter's greed and he's surrounded by loving family, friends, and neighbors who will go to great lengths to help him.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4127eb1
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Shut Up, Hannibal!
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Shut Up, Hannibal!: Every time Potter makes a haughty remark about George or appears as a Smug Snake, George always has a fitting reply, pointing out that he is nothing but a "scurvy little spider" who sees others beneath him but has no idea what makes any of the Bedford Falls townspeople tick or why George continues to help the town despite the sacrifices he must make.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_42c9f1ec
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Downplayed Trope
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"He's making violent love to me, mother!" In this era, "making love" meant something akin to "courting" or even "kissing," as opposed to a romantic euphemism for sex. Downplayed in that this wouldn't have scandalized her much less in the '20s with the meaning intended than it would now with the current meaning.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_42fef4ea
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The Alleged House
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_42fef4ea
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The Alleged House: The house George and Mary have their honeymoon in is a fixer upper, to say the least.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_43eddd85
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Door Focus
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_43eddd85
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Door Focus: After a heated argument, George Bailey leaves Mary's house only to return because he forgot his hat. A little more yelling later, smoochies ensue.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_442a6995
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Stupid Sacrifice
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_442a6995
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Stupid Sacrifice: Clarence shows George Bailey that without his presence to make a positive difference, the inhabitants of Bedford Falls which turns into Pottersville are worse off as a result of what would happen if George had never been born. In a more Earthly example, George's suicide would have been pointless even if the divine never intervened because the money problems he was going to kill himself over were solved by Mary and Uncle Billy asking everyone for help offscreen while he was in his stupor and the other world, with no apparent help from the angels. If the angels hadn't stopped him, all his suicide really would have accomplished was making his friends' and family's efforts to help him meaningless.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_44f5d199
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Pretty in Mink
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_44f5d199
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Pretty in Mink: A few furs in the backgrounds of some scenes, and it's mentioned Violet has a few.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_44fc28e8
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Honor Before Reason
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_44fc28e8
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Honor Before Reason: A lot of things George does, especially refusing the job Mr. Potter offers him.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_46d3f869
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Family Business
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_46d3f869
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Family Business: Obviously the Bailey Building & Loan, started by Peter and Billy, later run by George. The two office workers are 'cousins' Eustace and Tilly, likely children of another Bailey. When Mary (and George) offer the honeymoon fund to satisfy the members during the bank run scene, Billy and the others are also kicking in the money that they have on them as well.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_470442c8
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I'll Be in My Bunk
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_470442c8
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I'll Be in My Bunk : The boys' reactions to seeing Violet walk down the street:
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_47fea76b
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Butt-Monkey
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_47fea76b
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Butt-Monkey: The only thing George wanted to do is travel the world. Everything from saving his brother from drowning to keeping the Building & Loan afloat kept him from leaving Bedford Falls. Even a World War keeps him home, fighting the "Battle of Bedford Falls" (scrap drives, rubber drives, paper drives, etc.).
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_48309ad4
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Screaming Woman
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_48309ad4
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Screaming Woman: Mary as an old maid in Pottersville. She even faints in the arms of some burly men!
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_48c99e19
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Death by Adaptation
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_48c99e19
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Death by Adaptation: George's father is still alive when he's an adult in the original story and appears along with his mother in the alternate universe.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4918b32a
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Scully Syndrome
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4918b32a
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Scully Syndrome: George is slow to believe Clarence is really an angel who has altered reality, and keeps waving off the clues that something is wrong, like his restored hearing. "Musta been that jump in that cold water..."
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_494a4104
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Naked People Trapped Outside
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_494a4104
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Naked People Trapped Outside: Happens to Mary when George steps on her robe, leaving her naked in public but fortunately at night (and by accident on his part).
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4977559e
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Our Angels Are Different
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4977559e
comment
Our Angels Are Different: Angels here are depicted as giant celestial bodies, generally stars or galaxies, that can see into the past and future with concentration. They can take on human form to help people and even change the course of history to make a point or two. The movie also originated the whole 'every time a bell rings, an angel gets his wings' concept. Also, angels here are treated with the common (but totally non-Biblical) belief that when a good human dies, he becomes an angel—after he earns those wings.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_49ef37e6
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Catch Your Death of Cold
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_49ef37e6
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Catch Your Death of Cold: George lost the hearing in his left ear from a cold he caught as a result of saving his brother from falling in the ice. Zuzu catches a cold from walking home with her coat unbuttoned (if you're paying attention, George could be experiencing this as a call-back to what happened to him, thus his vehement reaction). George complains that they ought to all have pneumonia from how drafty their house is.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4a852458
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Big Good
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4a852458
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Big Good: As Clarence shows, George's exploits in his past made him the Big Good of the entire town.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4ad4b2b
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Guardian Angel
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4ad4b2b
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Guardian Angel: Clarence. George is a bit less than impressed; probably he expected someone with wings.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4b316d47
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Break the Cutie
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4b316d47
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Break the Cutie: George goes through a lot of turmoil, here. His entire life is a spiral of quiet desperation which is slowly winding him up... until he finally snaps. And it is terrifying. He gets better, though.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4b50895
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Taking the Kids
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4b50895
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Taking the Kids: This happened in the alternate world where Ernie's wife left him and took custody of his child.
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Getting Crap Past the Radar
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4b86a724
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Getting Crap Past the Radar: Harry, a white man, flirts with Annie, a black woman. While Played for Laughs, Section II.6 of the Hays Code forbade mixed-race relationships until 1956.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4ce20451
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Rhetorical Request Blunder
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4ce20451
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Rhetorical Request Blunder: When George Bailey comes to Mr. Potter to apply for a loan, Mr. Potter makes a sarcastic suggestion, which unexpectedly backfires on him later: Moments later, the townspeople dig into their savings and raise the money George needs to make up the discrepancy in the accounts, disproving Potter's prediction that they would run him out of town, much to Potter's chagrin.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4d422f71
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Throw It In!
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4d422f71
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This was actually the result of an unscripted soundstage accident; see Throw It In! on the Trivia page.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4e3decd5
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A Friend in Need
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4e3decd5
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A Friend in Need: The entire town, for George Bailey.
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Wham Line
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4e7c4536
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Wham Line: if it hasn't hit you enough that George's existence mattered beyond himself, Clarence bluntly spells out the ripple effects of his brother's now fatal childhood accident for his dense charge.
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Wham Shot
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Wham Shot: In the middle of the celebration at the end, George notices a book sitting on top of the money that everyone has donated. George picks it up and finds a note from Clarence, as well as a thank-you for the wings. He smiles because it means Calrence did save his soul.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4eaa9b84
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Author Tract
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4eaa9b84
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Author Tract: That the movie bears down very hard on the value of home ownership and the need for it to build happy, healthy communities, as opposed to the dangerous shacks Potter rents out is not a coincidence. To audiences at the time it bordered on Anvilicious.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4f4e43cc
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Always Second Best
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4f4e43cc
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Always Second Best: Done with a twist between George and Harry. By most objective standards, Harry is the more successful brother. He's the college graduate who's a former football star, has a lucrative job as a researcher, and is an Ace Pilot who won the Medal of Honor. George on the other hand has stayed in their hometown running the family business and never achieved any of his dreams. The twist is that by all accounts Harry looks up to George and considers him the more accomplished of the two: so much so that he blows off dinner with the President of the United States to fly home in a raging blizzard just because he heard that George was in trouble. And this is because Harry is fully aware that everything he managed to achieve in his live is because George always sacrificed his own dreams to save his ones.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4f84cdef
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Smug Snake
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4f84cdef
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Smug Snake: Potter is insufferably full of himself and looks down his nose on anyone whose wealth and power are lesser than his.
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4f84cdef
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Dudley Do-Right Stops to Help
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_4fa986e
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Dudley Do-Right Stops to Help: Just as George and Mary are about to go one their honeymoon, they witness the depositors of Bailey Building and Loan who are about to make a run on the bank; George and Mary reluctantly decide to spend their honeymoon money and help out the Baileys' depositors, and they'll probably never get a second chance to take their dream honeymoon vacation, settling for a makeshift "staycation" honeymoon in Bedford Falls as a result of sacrificing their honeymoon bankroll to help the Bailey Brothers' s S&L investors.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_50b05d30
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Disproportionate Retribution
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_50b05d30
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Disproportionate Retribution: When Uncle Billy misplaced the $8,000 intended for the bank examiner and absent-mindedly handed it to Mr. Potter, and George Bailey is in a tight situation, he threatens Uncle Billy with a bit of physical violence: Later at home, as George is trying to recover from the shock of the misplaced money, he turns sour on his family, and yells over the phone at Mrs. Welch who teaches the Bailey children. Mr. Welch goes to Martini's and punches George for driving his wife to tears, especially since she works hard to educate the children.
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Drowning My Sorrows
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_52488c54
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Drowning My Sorrows: George gets drunk in the bar before attempting suicide. George's boss in the past, Mr. Gower, gets smashed after receiving a telegram informing him of his son's death.
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Bookends
 It's a Wonderful Life / int_53224e46
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Bookends: The first thing we see George do is to save Harry from drowning, and the last thing he does before wishing he was never born is saved Clarence from drowning.
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Mathematician's Answer
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Mathematician's Answer: When George asks Mary whether she is having a boy or a girl, she just nods and says "Mmm-hmmm!"
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Improbable Infant Survival
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Improbable Infant Survival: Almost averted twice at the start, played straight thanks to George. He saves Harry's life as well as that of a sick boy who would have been poisoned with cyanide-laced capsules. Averted with both cases in the alternate world, for obvious reasons.
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It's a Wonderful Plot
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It's a Wonderful Plot: Trope Maker and Trope Namer. Go click on the trope page to see a long list of how many works have either played this trope straight or lampooned it.
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Mistaken for Gay
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Pottersville Nick kicking George and Clarence out of his bar, calling them "you two pixies" (which back then was almost certainly meant as slang for hobo or drunk; also, the term 'pixilated' was slang for 'kind of crazy'). Or just Nick making fun of Clarence's claims to being an angel.
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Retargeted Lust
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Retargeted Lust: Bert the cop, after watching the slinky Violet walk down the street, says: "Think I'll go home and see what the wife's doing."
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Meaningful Background Event
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Meaningful Background Event: In the Alternate Universe, when George is running back to the bridge, he slugs Bert the cop, who yells for everyone to get down and starts shooting at George. As George gets to the end of the street, one of the letters of the "POTTERSVILLE" sign blinks out. Bert was firing real bullets at George.
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Answer to Prayers
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Answer to Prayers: The film opens with the voices of several people praying for George Bailey, and then the Heavens preparing to answer those prayers.
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Ace Pilot
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Ace Pilot: Harry becomes one during the war, single-handedly shooting down two kamikaze planes that were about to ram a transport carrying troops. Had he not been there, as Clarence explains, every man on that transport would have died. Harry was pretty much The Ace at everything he did: star football player in high school, All-American in college, Phi Beta Kappa member, research engineer right of college and later, awarded the Medal of Honor (the highest military award there is).
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Single-Target Sexuality
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Single-Target Sexuality: Mary has eyes only for George. Without him, she would have never found love.
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Dick Dastardly Stops to Cheat
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Dick Dastardly Stops to Cheat: Potter knew what happened to the $8,000, yet he could have simply returned it and asked the Board to remove George because he left that much of the company's money in the hands of an idiot. Instead he keeps it and frames George for theft, causing the entire town to come to George's rescue.
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Sanity Slippage
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Sanity Slippage: After Uncle Billy misplaces the money, George starts a series of mad rages: ranting at Uncle Billy, getting disproportionately frustrated with his children, berating Mrs. Welch, and even lashing out at Clarence Oddbody when George demands to see Mary in Pottersville, not believing that he's a total stranger to the folks in Pottersville, who don't even recognize who or what he is in contrast to the Bedford Falls residents.
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Heroic Sacrifice
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Heroic Sacrifice: George saved his little brother from drowning. This caused permanent damage in one ear, and he nearly died in the attempt. Not in the normal sense, but George and Mary give their honeymoon money to the people who need money to make it through the week that the local bank is closed. George's whole life, really, staying home and working for the people of Bedford Falls. Several of the townsfolk give up their savings to save George from going to jail.
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Manly Tears
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Manly Tears: Jimmy Stewart, everybody. The tears were real. Jimmy Stewart got so into the moment that he genuinely started crying while reciting the lines of the prayer. Frank Capra asked him to do it over so he could zoom the camera in and Stewart couldn't duplicate it. So the scene isn't a camera zoom, it's hours of painstaking work to take a small part of the original footage and enlarge it bit-by-bit. George again at the end of the Pottersville sequence as he begs to be given his life back. After Uncle Billy has lost the $8,000, during the search for it George snaps furiously at him and leaves. Left alone, Uncle Billy breaks down sobbing.
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Clumsy Copyright Censorship
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Clumsy Copyright Censorship: Some streaming services have posted the movie with a new score and credits reel to avoid paying Paramount.
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Big Brother Instinct
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Big Brother Instinct: Harry breaks through the ice as a boy and George is right there in the water hauling him back to the surface within seconds, without stopping to think. We later learn from Clarence that even though the other boys were also rushing to help, without that immediate selfless protective instinct their attempts to save Harry would have failed. He loses all hearing in his left ear as a result of the severe cold and resulting ear infection earned by going under freezing water to save his brother. Harry repays the favor by coming to help George in the end.
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Audio Adaptation
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Audio Adaptation: Lux Radio Theatre aired a version of the story in 1947, with Jimmy Stewart and Donna Reed reprising their movie roles and Victor Moore voicing Clarence. You can listen to it here.
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Jerkass Has a Point
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Jerkass Has a Point: George himself gets one when he goes Papa Wolf on Zuzu's teacher Mrs. Welch. He's absolutely correct that she ought to have told Zuzu to button up her coat on a snowy winter day. While her sickness isn't bad and she's proud of her flower, she could have gotten worse. George employs an incompetent relative in a position of trust and gives home loans to people with bad credit. Sound familiar? George concedes Potter's point that "(his) father was no businessman," and that he doesn't understand why he established the company in the first place—in the middle of a "The Reason You Suck" Speech no less. George's father tells Potter that he doesn't need the money he invested in the Building and Loan since he has no family to take care of and no children to leave it to. Whether or not Potter has a family or children shouldn't really have any bearing on whether he has the right to expect a return on his investment. Potter himself gets a moment when he paints an extremely accurate picture of George as "an intelligent, smart, ambitious young man...who's been dying to get out on his own ever since he was born." George's uncomfortable silence and eagerness to change the subject suggest that Potter's analysis was so spot-on that it hurt him.
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The Remake
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The Remake: The 1977 Made-for-TV Movie It Happened One Christmas, featuring a Gender Flipped version of the story with Mary Bailey Hatch as the one who's contemplating suicide on Christmas Eve after her family's Building and Loan runs into trouble. Marlo Thomas stars as Mary, with Wayne Rogers as her husband George Hatch, Cloris Leachman as Clara Oddbody, Christopher Guest as Harry Bailey, and none other than Orson Welles as Mr. Potter!
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Meaningful Name
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Meaningful Name: "Pottersville". In the Bible, the potter's field refers to a place where foreigners (or strangers) are buried. In George's alternate reality, the town is a graveyard where he finds his brother's tombstone, and without George Bailey, the dystopian town of Pottersville in an atetnate universe has "gone to pot." George Bailey, who sacrifices his honeymoon funds to bail out the bank customers when they make a run on the bank. There's a more overt reference than that. In the first act, the neighborhood Potter built (that the Martini family moves out of) is actually called "Potter's Field". There is also the Biblical reference as 'The Potter's Field' was the place where suicides were also buried. Of lesser note, Mr. Martini is the owner of a bar.
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The Fettered
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The Fettered: George Bailey, to the point where it's actually painful to watch. Mr. Potter does his best to get him to throw off the fetters and Clarence tries to convince him not to be bitter over them.
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Driven to Suicide
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Driven to Suicide: George contemplating jumping off the bridge. Thankfully, Clarence was there to save him.
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Clueless Chick-Magnet
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Clueless Chick-Magnet: Young George doesn't notice (or is repelled by) Violet and Mary's advances — he's too busy planning for his future harem in India. Even as he gets older, he still has no idea how much Mary (and possibly Violet) still loves him.
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"Everybody Helps Out" Denouement
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"Everybody Helps Out" Denouement: After George overcomes his despair and returns to the real world, all the townsfolk of Bedford Falls come to the Baileys' house to give George the $8,000 that the bank needs to stay afloat, one bill at a time.
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Shut Up, Kirk!
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Shut Up, Kirk!: Potter, after a lengthy "The Reason You Suck" Speech from George capped off with how "in (his) book," his father is richer than Potter will ever be, says "I'm not interested in your book. I'm talking about the Building and Loan!"
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Angels in Overcoats
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Angels in Overcoats: Ur-Example. Guardian angel Clarence wears an overcoat, but it's winter in Bedford Falls, and everyone's wearing an overcoat, so it's not clear that this counts as an example.
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String-on-Finger Reminder
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String-on-Finger Reminder: Forgetful Uncle Billy has string tied around multiple fingers. One string is supposed to help him remember to talk to the bank examiner, but the audience doesn't find out what the other strings are for.
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Bar Brawl
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Bar Brawl: Zuzu's teacher's husband, Mr. Welch, finds George at Martini's bar and punches him in the jaw. Martini then kicks Welch out of the bar.
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Trauma Conga Line
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Trauma Conga Line: The first half has George go through a really horrible time that explains exactly why he was so willing and prepared to attempt suicide. In the course of a single night, he loses the fortune he spent the last decade building up thanks to both his Uncle's mistakes and Potter's scheming, he's framed for embezzlement with no possible way out, he ends up lashing out at his family and deeply hurting them, he gets into a brutal drunken brawl, and finally he ends up crashing his prized car.
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Politically Incorrect Villain
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Politically Incorrect Villain: Potter spews out elitist and snobbish remarks towards the denizens of Bedford Falls. When Mr. Potter tries to buy George out, he shows some prejudice towards Italians when he sneers at the sort of people Bailey has spent his life helping: Potter is also an elitist snob, using epithets such as "riff-raff" and "a discontented, lazy rabble." He sneers that their minds are "filled" with "impossible ideas" by "starry-eyed dreamers" like the Baileys.
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Being Good Sucks
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Being Good Sucks: Pretty much a fact of George's life for the first bit of the movie. He probably has it in him to live the exciting life he wants — if he weren't such a stand-up guy as to keep putting it off to help everyone around him (and, even when that isn't going on, life likes to give him a sharp poke in the side). All that goodwill comes back around in the end, though.
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Iconic Item
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Iconic Item: Zuzu's petals, which have become famously associated with the movie and the entire It's a Wonderful Plot trope. A radio adaptation instead made it a bell, which presumably worked better in that media.
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Token Minority
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Token Minority: Annie, Ma Bailey's Deadpan Snarker best friend and maid, is the only non-white character with a significant part, though other black citizens of Bedford Falls do appear in crowd scenes.
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Kneel Before Zod
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Kneel Before Zod: Potter relishes George groveling before him at last. Also, the chair across from his desk is noticeably shorter than Potter's wheelchair, so that whenever someone comes into his office, he can literally look down upon them.
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George Lucas Altered Version
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George Lucas Altered Version: Even though Jimmy Stewart hated colorization, this movie received that treatment twice in The '80s, and again in 2007.
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Hooker with a Heart of Gold
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Hooker with a Heart of Gold: Implied to be the case with Violet. She Really Gets Around, but is still respectful to George and virtually everyone else.
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Improbably Cool Car
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Improbably Cool Car: Inverted by George Bailey's circa-1920 Dodge tourer. Not treated as an Alleged Car but far older than a prominent citizen and owner of a financial institution would have owned by 1941.note It might've actually been more believable in 1946, after three years of no new-car production.
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Close-Up on Head
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Closeup on Head: While George is drowning his sorrows at the Martini bar, the camera moves up close to his head as he makes a desperate prayer and is crying Manly Tears. There are also many loving shots of Donna Reed's face. In fact, there are many such shots throughout the picture, and they often manage to include someone else in the frame, even if it's just a nonspeaking extra so that you always have a sense of community and George's connection to others.
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From Bad to Worse
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From Bad to Worse: Potter holding the money mistakenly handed to him by Uncle Billy.
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Good Capitalism, Evil Capitalism
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Good Capitalism, Evil Capitalism: George Bailey and his relatives are the good with their family's Building & Loan business helping the townsfolk obtain affordable homes with loans and housing projects by using investors' money. Mr. Potter is the bad as he uses his wealth to buy up most of the town's businesses and then engages in price gouging so he can get as much of the townspeople's money as possible.
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Honest Corporate Executive
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Honest Corporate Executive: George's friend Sam Wainwright makes it big in emerging businesses, and at the end he wires enough money to George to bail him out several times over.
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Close-Knit Community
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Close-Knit Community: Bedford Falls.
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Black-and-White Morality
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Black-and-White Morality: George is a kind, selfless man, while Mr. Potter is a heartless business owner who wants to run the town.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_7b8b3def
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Celebrity Paradox
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Celebrity Paradox: The Bells of St. Mary's is prominently featured on a theater marquee. That film starred Henry Travers, who plays Clarence in this movie.
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Hot Librarian
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Hot Librarian: While Pottersville Mary isn't really meant to be this, she's still Donna Reed in glasses. They had to apply a mask of concealer just to make her seem average.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_7d34f23a
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Reckless Gun Usage
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Reckless Gun Usage: Pottersville Bert fires multiple shots at the fleeing George, heedless of whatever passerby are clearly in his line of fire.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_7d89315b
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"The Reason You Suck" Speech
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George concedes Potter's point that "(his) father was no businessman," and that he doesn't understand why he established the company in the first place—in the middle of a "The Reason You Suck" Speech no less.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_7ecef168
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Bonding Through Shared Earbuds
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Bonding Through Shared Earbuds: A technology-relevant variant happens when George and Mary have to share a candlestick phone when talking to Sam. For the time period, the small distance between them could be considered too intimate for people who aren't even formally dating.
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The Alcoholic
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The Alcoholic: Uncle Billy is one and then some. In the Georgeless universe, he's put in a sanitarium for it. And Gower, who was imprisoned for poisoning the child whose life George would have saved. Nick even calls him a "rumhead".
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_7f0f19e5
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I Coulda Been a Contender!
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I Coulda Been a Contender!: George had big dreams of seeing the world, all of them dashed.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_7febc23b
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Establishing Character Moment
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Establishing Character Moment: Potter gets one when he is shown badmouthing and deriding George's father for his kindness toward his clients, showing his callous and greedy nature.
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How We Got Here
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How We Got Here: the first half of the movie details George's life and how he got to be in the mental state he was in when Clarence first met him.
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Arson, Murder, and Jaywalking
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Arson, Murder, and Jaywalking: After they get thrown out of Nick's, Clarence tells George that he has no forms of ID, so no papers, no cards, no driver's license, no 4F card, and no insurance policy, before pointing out that he doesn't have Zuzu's petals, either. Zuzu's petals are what convinces George that something isn't right with Clarence; only he knew that he put them in his watch pocket. No one else knows, not even Zuzu, who thought he had "pasted" the flower back together.
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Dramatic Wind
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Dramatic Wind: Accompanies George's vision of his non-existence. Lampshaded by Clarence, who is irritated at the unwanted special effects.
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Large Ham
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Large Ham: Actually a World of Ham, especially George, thanks to Jimmy Stewart whenever he's happy or depressed.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_83445b04
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Pun
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When she sees George walking back and forth in front of her house scraping her wooden fence with a stick, she yells out her window, "What are you doing? Picketing?"
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_835f53f3
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Pals with Jesus
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Pals with Jesus: While drying out his copy of Tom Sawyer in the tollhouse, Clarence tells George that he "should read the new book Mark Twain's writing now", implying that he's actually acquainted with Twain in the afterlife. (We might also assume that Mr. Clemens is serializing his book chapter by chapter in the Celestial Gazette or whatever, as he and many other writers of that time had in life.)
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_85557b38
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Reality Is Unrealistic
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Reality Is Unrealistic: The high school dance scene with the pool opening up beneath the gym floor was called "Movie fakery at its worst" despite there being a real one, since the real one was in Beverly Hills, California (where the scene was shot). Swimming pools under the floorboards were rare then, and a small town in New York State which was being kept respectable by creative refinancing was not likely to have one back in the late 1920s. We can assume that George found a cheap way to obtain the parts and labor, similar to how he talked Sam into starting his soybean plastic business in a shut-down factory in Bedford Falls.
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What Happened to the Mouse?
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What Happened to the Mouse?: In the film, at least, it's never revealed if Potter is exposed for embezzling the money. Several script drafts and parodies showed him facing karma and a No-Holds-Barred Beatdown from the town, but that's not the finished product. Ruth Dakin Bailey. Shouldn't she have accompanied Harry to Bedford Falls at the end?
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No Communities Were Harmed
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No Communities Were Harmed: Bedford Falls is apparently modeled after Seneca Falls, New York, which has a museum dedicated to the film and holds an "It's a Wonderful Life festival" each December.
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Accidental Child-Killer Backstory
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Accidental Child-Killer Backstory: Zig-zagged. In the original timeline, George Bailey prevents Mr. Gower from accidentally poisoning a child, as the druggist was despondent over the death of his son to the flu, and did not fill out the prescription properly. In the new timeline where George never existed, he wasn't there to prevent Mr. Gower from poisoning the child, and the man is considered a pariah by the local community.
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Aesop Enforcer
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Aesop Enforcer: Clarence works as George's Enforcer.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_8a0cfe56
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Merchant Prince
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Merchant Prince: Mr. Potter uses his money to basically run the entire town except Bailey Building & Loan.
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Decoy Damsel
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Decoy Damsel: Inverted with Clarence, who screams like a girl after intentionally jumping in the river.
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The Great Depression
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The Great Depression: George and Mary's wedding day was the day of a bank run on the Building and Loan. This is very fortuitous, as the $2000 that George withdrew for their honeymoon is what kept the BBL from going under.
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Super Multi-Purpose Room
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Super Multi-Purpose Room: The high school gym, which opens up into a swimming pool.
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Real Song Theme Tune
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Real Song Theme Tune: The traditional minstrel song "Buffalo Gals", heard in instrumental versions over the opening and closing credits and sung in-universe by George and Mary.
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Capitalism Is Bad
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Capitalism Is Bad: The portrayal of Mr. Potter as an evil banker, both in the year of its release, and later years has lent this film much credibility as an anti-capitalist film, and even a left-wing one. It gets lost that George Bailey and his family business are also bankers and capitalists, and the film glorifies George as the main pillar that helps other people achieve their dreams. As noted by Capra's friends, the film shows that capitalism can work and be humane, and even quasi-messianic through the figure of George Bailey. Ultimately, it ends up more being a pro-capitalist movie that doesn't shy away from showing the downsides of capitalism and calls out the people who abuse the system like Potter. The main point Capra was making is that unfettered capitalism (making money only to make money, like Potter) is bad; selfless capitalism (making money to invest in a community, which will in turn make money to further invest said community's improvement) is good. It also clearly throws in its lot in favour of small businesses, too. Sam Wainwright, George's childhood friend, eventually becomes considerably wealthy as a man of industry, and despite his former rivalry with George over Mary, does not hesitate to wire his old friend three times the amount he needs to get him out of trouble, trusting that George will pay him back within a reasonable timeframe, or maybe he doesn't care about that, just wants to give George a gift. (Plus fridge: the fact that he could count this as a charitable donation on his taxes doesn't hurt.) It's also telling that the way Mr. Potter kicks off the whole problem is an overt act of theft, something that's wrong in *any* system, not just capitalism. If he hadn't resorted to literally breaking the law he would have easily had his power kept in check.
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Ethical Slut
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Ethical Slut: Violet is as promiscuous as a female character is allowed to be in 1940's cinema, culminating in her clearly implied fate as a hooker in Potterville, making this Foreshadowing gag in the childhood flashback scene all the harsher:
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Didn't Think This Through
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Didn't Think This Through: George ends up with only $2 left of his honeymoon money, but had he been a bit more calculating, he could have had a much bigger safety net while still giving his customers needed help. George reluctantly gives Tom every cent of the $242 he demands from his account, despite Tom being willing to take 50 cents on the dollar (i.e., $121) from Potter. George could have instead said, "Tom, you were willing to go to Potter for 50% of your money. I'll give you 60%, and your remaining 40% will stay here so everyone else can get what they need." Not only would Tom get a better deal (and keep all his money), but the B&L would have finished with 50 times the amount they closed with. George might be a great guy, but Potter isn't wrong that he's a lousy businessman.
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Prayer Is a Last Resort
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Prayer Is a Last Resort: George even prays, "Father in heaven, I'm not a praying man..." Slightly subverted, though, since his Guardian Angel has been looking out for him all along after all.
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The Voiceless
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The Voiceless: Potter's aide never says anything in any of his appearances.
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Token Good Teammate
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Token Good Teammate: Almost everyone in Pottersville is a heartless Jerkass or broken-down soul, but Bert the cop (despite the implication of his being on the take) remains somewhat moral. When George is panicking in the ruins of his house, Bert calmly asks him to "be a good kid" and come quietly, promising that he'll take him to a doctor to get help; later, he shouts a warning to stand back before he starts firing at George when he runs away.
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Ignored Epiphany
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Ignored Epiphany: When Potter ends up with the misplaced $8,000, he changes his mind and decides to hang onto it when he overhears Uncle Billy looking for it when he had taunted him moments before.
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Karmic Death
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Karmic Death / Hollywood Heart Attack: Mr. Potter’s intended fate.
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Karmic Misfire
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Karmic Misfire: After Uncle Billy absent-mindedly loses the $8,000 in Potter's bank, George Bailey insanely blames Uncle Billy, violently shaking him and threatening to send him to jail on hyped-up charges as a result of George's Sanity Slippage:
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Laser-Guided Karma
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Laser-Guided Karma: After spending his whole life sacrificing his dreams for the benefit of Bedford Falls, the whole town comes to George's rescue at the end to save the Building and Loan, and prevent George from going to prison. On the darker side of things, after George berates his children's teacher Mrs. Welch and argues with her husband over the phone, he's at Martini's Bar when he encounters Mr. Welch... who promptly knocks him to the floor with a right-cross punch:
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Art Shift
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Art Shift: The Pottersville scenes are done in the Film Noir style.
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Rule of Symbolism
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Rule of Symbolism: This film is loaded with symbolism. There's a scene where a young George playfully wishes he had a million dollars, and clicks a cigarette lighter while saying it. When it lights, he exclaims, "Hot dog!" He does this again as a young adult. This represents the romantic, escapist side of George's personality, and shows he still has a child-like sense of wonder. George's famous "lasso the moon" speech also symbolizes unrealistic but pleasant daydreams. Later, when Mary shows George the old, broken-down house where they'd eventually live, she made a sign saying, "George Lassos the Moon" Mary's basically saying anywhere can be the moon if he's with people who love him. "Buffalo Gals" was recorded by various artists over the years. The song plays multiple times during the film, each representing George and Mary's relationship. First, it's heard in bits during the opening credits. Then it's played when they dance at the high school, and Mary sings it later that night as she and George are having romance with each other during the "lasso the moon" speech. She puts it on her record player the night George comes over years later in hopes of bringing back some memories, and smashes the record when George storms out and their relationship was at stake. Then hear the song again from Mary just before she tells George she's pregnant, and an upbeat version during the final credits. Even something as simple as the stair post George pulls off thrice shares some meaning. The first time George pulled the post off, Mary was repairing the house, and George was handling his daily struggle to keep the Building and Loan going, often returning late after work and forgetting about the broken post. The second time occurred when George was irritated about the $8000 going missing, and he was going upstairs to Zuzu, once again forgetting about the broken post. Here it reminds George of what he doesn't have. And the third and final time occurs after he returns from the alternate reality, and he's beginning to appreciate his value in life. This time, he didn't care about the broken post and he kissed it before putting it back into place. This symbolizes how life is full of flaws and you need to embrace them. During the alternate reality scene, Clarence and George sit in Nick's bar when the cash register bell rings. Clarence remarks "Somebody's just made it" as he explainins the connection between bells and angels getting their wings. Nick kicks them out, thinking he's crazy and jokingly rings the cash register bell repeatedly, saying, "Hey! Get me! I'm giving out wings!". But Clarence's claim turns out to be true, when George returns home towards the ending and a bell rings on the Christmas tree, with his daughter Zuzu saying an angel gets its wings whenever a bell rings. Obviously, the ringing was for Clarence. It's possible the connection between the bells and angel wings are that most bells are beautiful and joyous, pealing out happy times like holidays and weddings like angels. George's daughter Zuzu's flower petals (from a flower she won at school), that George pretended to put them back on the flower after falling off when he's secretly putting them in his pocket, represent life and reality. The petals disappeared after George ceased to exist, and returned when he returns to the real world. For George, they're a token warmly symbolizing all the love and life that wouldn't have existed if he'd never been born. (Because he never would have met Mary and the kids wouldn't have been born.) The film in general as an allegory favor within it. Pretty much all the major characters represent symbols in one way or another. Potter, of course, represents greed, power, and isolation, all ultimately joyless; George is the little guy beaten down by the powerful but who prevails because he's a righteous dude. Mary represents the joys of family and Bedford Falls is every small town where a sense of neighborliness and connectedness shows everyone the real meaning of life. Wouldn't be a Frank Capra film without it. Another way to see it is as an allegory about filmmaking. Film Spectrum said this about the concept: Even the visual effects are there for a reason. Take the drug store George worked in for example, the audience sees them through shelves of medicine bottles. Gower is turned away from the bottles, sadly staring at a photo of his son, who just died from influenza. George is worriedly looking toward the bottle of medicine Gower has just prepared, noticing his mistake with the prescription. There's a ton of information just in that shot. What about the wallpaper? Mary papers the house in a pretty traditional 1940s pattern of people and flowers when it's first being repaied. But, on that same night, a troubled George goes up the stairs to see Zuzu, and there's the wallpaper is now a pattern of nautical anchors. George always loved the sound of anchors being lifted because they signaled the beginning of an exciting journey. Maybe they mean he never got away, or that his home is weighing down on him? Coincidence, I think not! The lighting Capra uses during the alternate-universe scenes is dark and shadowy, to give the scene a terrifying, otherworldly feel. George's abandoned house is all shadows; the police chasing him are silhouetted and backlit; Pottersville is alternately dark and lit up with glaring neon signs.
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Ret-Gone
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Ret-Gone: In the definitive scene, where George gets to see what life would be like in Bedford Falls – check that, Potterville – if he never existed. Indeed, none of the townspeople George holds dear – Bert, Ernie, Mary, Uncle Billy, Giuseppe, Harry and his mother – know who he is, and think that this strange fellow is some kind of kook who is out to cause trouble. Worse, Mr. Potter has a vise grip on Bedford Falls, which becomes Pottersville (because George's nullifying influence that always foils Potter isn't there). In the end, George sees that he is needed in Bedford Falls and wants to become a person again. God obliges. Nothing happens until he addresses him.
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Shaming the Mob
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Shaming the Mob: When a bank run threatens to put the Building and Loan under.
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Repaying for the One
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Repaying for the One: Everyone George's helped over the years band together and take up a collection to bail him out of the trouble with Potter he suddenly finds himself in.
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War Hero
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War Hero: Harry's actions in the Pacific earn him the Medal of Honor. As Christmas approaches, he's coming back to Bedford Falls and the town is getting ready to throw him a hero's welcome.
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Spin-Offspring
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Spin-Offspring: Jimmy Hawkins, who played George's and Mary's youngest son, Tommy, would eventually write a story about him, It's a Wonderful Life For Kids!
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Betty and Veronica
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Betty and Veronica: Mary and Violet, respectively (George chooses Mary).
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Maiden Aunt
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Maiden Aunt: When George gets the chance to find out how the world would have turned out if he'd never been born, he finds that his wife Mary had become a bitter, unhappy Maiden Aunt.
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Faux Affably Evil
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Faux Affably Evil: Mr. Potter puts on airs of respectability, but he's a thoroughly loathsome human being.
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Not So Above It All
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Not So Above It All: At Harry Bailey's high school graduation dance, the gymnasium floor is opened by a pair of students, pulling a prank on the dancers. Under the floor is a swimming pool and George and Mary fall into it as they're dancing. The entire student body then jumps into the pool too, while the Principal is standing there yelling and scolding them all to get out of there. After a little while however, the principal just shrugs, and jumps in the pool himself to join in the fun! Throughout the film, the bank examiner is mostly The Stoic who is primarily focused on his job and keeping the Building and Loan running smoothly. However, during the giant party at the end, he silently walks up to the pile of donations that the townspeople have made, throws in a few dollars, and breaks into both a smile and a song.
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They Died Because of You
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They Died Because of You: Almost done by a pharmacist, but averted thanks to George. The man was so overwhelmed by his son's death that he was going about his day in a drunken daze, and filled a prescription wrong. The error would have ended up killing a kid, but George catches the mistake. In Pottersville, Mr. Gower was convicted of poisoning a child due to a mix-up with the poison and the prescription, and George wasn't there to stop him, because he wished he'd never been born.
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Foreshadowing
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Foreshadowing: Lampshaded by Joseph's voiceover before Harry (as a boy) almost drowns after breaking through the ice: "Something happens here you'll have to remember later on." This comes back in two ways, first Clarence sets himself up as a drowning victim when George is about to jump off the bridge because he knew he would save him, and when George wishes he'd never been born, Harry did drown because George wasn't there to save him. During the scene in Gower's drugstore, Little Mary says that Little Violet likes every boy, as well as George. Little Violet sees no problem with it. This statement follows her into adulthood as it is implied she Really Gets Around, and is made even worse later, taking on quite a harsh turn when she is implied to have become a prostitute in Pottersville. During the family's dinner the night of Harry's high school graduation dance, George notices his father looking tired. His father dismisses it as exhaustion from dealing with Potter that day, but later that night he suffers a fatal stroke. When George is about to throw a rock at the old Granville house, Mary says she would one day like to live in it. George says he wouldn't live in it as a ghost. George and Mary later marry and move into the house exactly as Mary wished when she throws her rock, and in the Georgeless universe, of course the house is still empty and devoid of life because George wasn't there to move in, and neither was Mary, because she ended up as an old maid. Sam says over the phone to George and Mary his father wants to build a factory for making plastics out of soybeans (thanks to an offscreen comment from George). George suggests refurbishing an old factory in town and employing locals who were thrown out of work when it closed. During the war montage, it's revealed Sam did just that and made a fortune — especially when the war began and he got huge government contracts to make plastic hoods for airplanes. This may also explain where he got the money to send to George at the end. When George tries to show off the article of Harry being awarded the Medal of Honor, Ernie has some fun pretending to only notice that the weatherman predicts snow that night. Said snow is one of the differences between reality and George's vision of a world where he was never born. One towards the end, where George and Clarence walk towards where George crashed his car, but because in this version of the world, George doesn't exist, there is no car by the tree. The man who owns the tree George originally crashed into says it's one of the oldest trees in Pottersville. Because that's what happened to Bedford Falls without George to stop Potter taking over the town.
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Stealing from the Till
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Stealing from the Till: What George is accused of after Potter takes the money.
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UnPerson
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Un-person: Clarence turns George into one, allowing him to see what the world would be like if he was just erased from existence and nothing filled his void.
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Get Out!
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Get Out!: SLAM. "That's it. Out you two pixies go, though the door or out the window!" Also, Martini throws Mr. Welch out of his bar for punching George, and bans Welch from returning.
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Leitmotif
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Leitmotif: Some of Clarence's scenes have an instrumental of "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" playing in the background.
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Who's on First?
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Who's on First?: In Pottersville, when George enters the bar looking for Martini, Nick thinks George is ordering a martini.
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Heartwarming Moments / Sugar Wiki
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George's famous "lasso the moon" speech also symbolizes unrealistic but pleasant daydreams. Later, when Mary shows George the old, broken-down house where they'd eventually live, she made a sign saying, "George Lassos the Moon" Mary's basically saying anywhere can be the moon if he's with people who love him.
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My God, What Have I Done?
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My God, What Have I Done?: Gower's reaction after he finds out for himself that George is telling the truth about the poisoned capsules. George has this after Uncle Billy loses the B&L money to Potter and he (George) snaps at his family.
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Artistic License – Religion
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Artistic License – Religion: This film depicts angels as being former humans who have passed away and have to work in order to "earn their wings." This idea is found nowhere in the Bible, and it actually describes angels as beings that are completely separate from humans.
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Angelic Transformation
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Angelic Transformation: Clarence Oddbody introduces himself as an "Angel, Second Class" and his reward for helping George is that he is promoted to First Class and earns wings. His name and somewhat bumbling nature suggest that he was once a living man, which is solidified when he mentions having died previously.
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Mood Whiplash
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Mood Whiplash: George's romping with Mary outside of their future home is interrupted by his Uncle Billy, with the news that George's father had a stroke. There's a lot of this all through the story. Then at the end, after nearly two hours of George's frustration, despair and utter disorientation at the Pottersville vision, the moment when he is put back in Bedford Falls, it is a cascade of pure undiluted joy at finding his family exists again and then the full scope of how wrong Mr. Potter is about all the people he's sacrificed his dreams for as they come storming in to help him.
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Fingertip Drug Analysis
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Fingertip Drug Analysis: When young George tells Mr. Gower that he accidentally put poison in his capsules instead of medicine, Gower is skeptical until he puts some of the powder on his finger and tastes it, realizing to his horror that George is right.
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Rule of Three
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Rule of Three: George pulls the head off the wooden railing three times.
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Karma Houdini
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Karma Houdini: Potter, who ends up with the misplaced $8,000 that Uncle Billy was supposed to deliver to the state bank examiner, in a time where Karma Houdinis were banned in the film industry. He was supposed to die of a heart attack after Clarence gave him a "Reason You Suck" Speech, onscreen no less, but the scene was cut because Clarence's narration over the scene made it all seem too macabre. Though nothing is shown on-screen, if the rent-collector's prediction is to be believed, the Building & Loan will continue to eat into Potter's business until there's nothing left. Potter's status, given that The Hays Code made them strictly verboten. For 1947, this was quite impressive.
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Time-Shifted Actor
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Timeshifted Actor: Characters are shown aging throughout the film, with their actors changing appropriately.
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Imperial Stormtrooper Marksmanship Academy
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Imperial Stormtrooper Marksmanship Academy: Pottersville's Bert finally has enough of George and fires a wayward shot at him. Probably Justified, since God is unlikely to let George get seriously hurt. Not to mention he's shooting at an already moving target halfway down the street at night with what appears to be a revolver, which isn't very good at long range. Even realistically, it would have been more suspicious if he HAD managed to hit him.
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Mood Dissonance
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Mood Dissonance: At least from the outsiders' perspective; when George returns to Bedford Falls and reaches his home, he finds a bank examiner and some reporters in his house who are there to notify him of his arrest. Given all that George has gone through, he's more thrilled to simply be back and after getting a bit of perspective he doesn't even mind that he's possibly going to jail, so he acts quite ecstatic about the entire situation, much to the bewilderment of the others.
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"Hell, Yes!" Moment
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"Hell, Yes!" Moment: George has a big one, accompanied by a joyous laugh, when Bert points out his mouth is bleeding and his car is crashed into a tree, because he knows now that he's back in the real world.
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Gray Rain of Depression
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The run on the Building & Loan takes place with a Gray Rain of Depression in the background.
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Licked by the Dog
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Licked by the Dog: An overjoyed George at the end, rushing through Bedford Falls, bangs on Potter's window and yells through it, "Merry Christmas, Mr Potter!" Potter replies with a sarcastic "Happy New Year to you, in jail! Go on home, they're waiting for you!" and a final "Huh!" after George runs off homeward.
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Christmas Miracle
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Christmas Miracle: However, 90% of the movie is a story about George's life and takes place at some point other than Christmas. It's also just a coincidence that the event that would push George over the edge, Uncle Billy losing the $8,000, happens on Christmas Eve. It could've happened any other day of the year and we'd have had the exact same story.
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Chronic Hero Syndrome
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Chronic Hero Syndrome: George just has to help everyone at the cost of his own dreams. He doesn't even go through with his own suicide when he sees that someone (Clarence) is drowning and needs help, and he decides to jump in to rescue him instead.
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Good Cannot Comprehend Evil
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Good Cannot Comprehend Evil: Both Peter and George Bailey fail to wrap their heads around Mr. Potter's inherent cruelty and spite. Peter remarks that Potter has more money than he could ever spend and no family to share it with, and wonders aloud why he remains so hateful despite having everything a man could want. Later, George goes (quite literally on hands and knees) to Potter to beg for a loan, somehow believing that even after a lifetime of Potter openly despising the Bailey family, he'll somehow find it in his heart to give George the funds he needs.
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Oh, Crap!
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Oh, Crap!: A lot of them, mainly from George. Harry at the beginning when he breaks through the ice while sledding. George when he realizes Gower, drunk and grief-stricken by the death of his son, has poisoned the capsules by accident. Gower himself when he realises just how close he came to accidentally killing a child. George and Mary have a moment of this at the dance just before they fall over the edge of the floor into the pool. George when he realizes that unless he takes over running the Building & Loan, Potter will take charge of it. Uncle Billy when he realizes he has lost the Building and Loan money he was going to deposit. George too when he finds out, knowing it will result in police charges against him. Mary when she realizes why George is so angry after he comes home and snaps at the kids. George in the Pottersville sequence when he sees the Wretched Hive the town has become. George in Pottersville when he sees his house is a derelict, empty old shell like it was before he moved in. George when Mary doesn't recognize him and he starts yelling for Clarence as the crowd mobs him.
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Deadpan Snarker
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Deadpan Snarker: Mary, of all people, has moments of this. When she sees George walking back and forth in front of her house scraping her wooden fence with a stick, she yells out her window, "What are you doing? Picketing?" When George comes to bed late thinking she's asleep and they share a tender moment: George himself is a fair snarker in his own right. Casually musing about selling tickets while Mary (not yet his wife) is hiding behind a bush in a rather embarrassing state. They actually engage frequently in a playful banter reminiscent of ol' Nick and Nora. This takes on a much darker shade during George's desperation sequence. Annie the cook has her share: And later, when the town has come together to help George out:
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Informed Flaw
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Informed Flaw: Clarence is described by the other angels as having the heart of a child and the IQ of a rabbit, but he seems reasonably smart from what we see of him. He's the one who comes up with the idea to show George what the world would be like if he'd never been born, and his eloquent speech about the way human lives touch each other suggests a keen mind.
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The One Who Made It Out
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The One Who Made It Out: George Bailey from his youth and teenage years wanted to get out of Bedford Falls, and was set up to do this, but circumstances led him to stay there. Frank Capra noted that the telephone scene between George and Mary is intense because James Stewart visually communicates the conflict he has. He loves Mary, but accepting that means he will give up his dream of leaving the city.
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What You Are in the Dark
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What You Are in the Dark: George Bailey has had such a moment all his life ever since he was a boy. He and Mr. Gower are the only two people who know he almost accidentally gave poisoned pills to a child. A crueler person would've blackmailed Mr. Gower, but no, not George. Instead, he promises not to tell a soul. Even years well into his adulthood, not one person knows but him. (This pays off in the end when Mr. Gower wires Sam Wainright, asking for help in saving George.) And Mary. There's a shot of her sitting on her stool at the lunch counter witnessing the whole thing. Not surprisingly, Mr. Potter gets a villainous one: when $8000 that Uncle Bill Bailey was supposed to deposit accidentally falls into Mr. Potter's hands, instead of doing the right thing for once in his life, he hides the money away, watches George twist in the wind and eventually uses the crises to try to drive poor George to suicide.
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Digital Destruction
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Digital Destruction: Paramount had all the grain removed in 2006, giving their DVDs and Blu-ray Discs of the movie an overly-sterile appearance. Paramount fortunately commissioned a more filmic restoration in 2018, for the movie's 4K Digital debut, and the following year's UHD and Blu-ray releases.
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Be Careful What You Wish For
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Be Careful What You Wish For: "I wish I'd never been born!" And how. When George and Mary are walking home from the dance, George tells her to break some glass in the Old Grandville House to get a wish. George breaks a window and tells Mary his plans of world travel; Mary breaks a different one but doesn't tell George what she wanted. Mary gets her wish but George doesn't get his.
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Heaven Above
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Heaven Above: Whenever Clarence the angel talks to distant superiors, the audience will know he's not just talking to himself because he's looking straight up at the sky, which is where angels are supposed to live.
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Fridge Brilliance
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George is well-known in town as an honest businessman who has shown he'll give the shirt off his back for others. The Sheriff most likely believes there's more to this than meets the eye and is willing to give George the benefit of the doubt. He may have even started to figure out who really "misappropriated" the money.
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Offscreen Crash
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Offscreen Crash: After Uncle Billy makes his drunken exit from Harry's homecoming party. But he's all right, he's aaaaaallllllll right! This was actually the result of an unscripted soundstage accident; see Throw It In! on the Trivia page.
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Deathly Dies Irae
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Deathly Dies Irae: A quiet instrumental "dies irae" plays as George goes to the snowy bridge, preparing to throw himself off of it.
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Take It to the Bridge
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Take It to the Bridge: George almost takes a high dive leap from one.
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Everyone Has Standards
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Everyone Has Standards: In Pottersville, Nick is quite a jerk, but he is disgusted by Gower poisoning the child years earlier, which of course happened because George wasn't there to prevent it.
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 It's a Wonderful Life / int_b5b4b077
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The Ace
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Harry was pretty much The Ace at everything he did: star football player in high school, All-American in college, Phi Beta Kappa member, research engineer right of college and later, awarded the Medal of Honor (the highest military award there is).
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Hypocritical Humor
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Hypocritical Humor: Two rapid instances occur in the scene where George visits Mary. First, Sam Wainwright teasingly accuses George of trying to steal "his girl"...while he's having a beautiful woman massage his shoulders and light his cigarette. Later, when George suggests he get on the Hatch family's second line, Mary remarks "Mother's on the extension." Mrs. Hatch immediately cries "I am not!"...as she hangs up the phone and runs off.
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Single Malt Vision
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Single Malt Vision: A snarky old man to George, who insists he drove into the man's tree. "You must mean two other trees." Also used when Uncle Billy gets soused. He asks George where his hat is (he's wearing it); George takes it off his head and offers it to him.
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Threshold Guardians
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Threshold Guardians: Inverted with everyone who offers George the chance to leave Bedford Falls. It seems that George does a Refusal of the Call every time. The truth is that his true calling is staying and looking out for his hometown.
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Remaster
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Remaster: In 2018, Paramount commissioned a 4K restoration of the deteriorating camera negative, and replaced torn or missing frames with frames from fine-grain masters.
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Berserk Button
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Berserk Button: When George is mentally unraveling after Uncle Billy loses the money, what tips him over from stress and fear to furious rage is seeing a model skyscraper and bridge. The reminder of his unfulfilled dreams appears to be the straw that broke the camel's back.
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Freeze-Frame Introduction
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Freeze-Frame Introduction: In the introduction, God is assigning a guardian angel named Clarence to protect a man named George Bailey. After God shows Clarence some scenes from George Bailey's childhood, God skips ahead to when George Bailey is an adult. When George Bailey turns his face to the camera, God stops time, says to Clarence (and by extension the audience) "I want you to take a good long look at that face," and introduces George Bailey as an adult.
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Happily Married
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Happily Married: George and Mary. George's parents are also implied to have been this, and in a single throwaway line midway through the movie, it's implied that Uncle Billy is in perpetual mourning for his own late wife.
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Really Gets Around
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During the scene in Gower's drugstore, Little Mary says that Little Violet likes every boy, as well as George. Little Violet sees no problem with it. This statement follows her into adulthood as it is implied she Really Gets Around, and is made even worse later, taking on quite a harsh turn when she is implied to have become a prostitute in Pottersville.
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Suicide Dare
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Suicide Dare: "You're worth more dead than alive!" So sayeth Potter, in one of the most reprehensible, heartless, remorselessly cruel comments ever to make it to the big screen ... and it drives George to the brink.
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Interrupted Suicide
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Interrupted Suicide: George is about to jump into the river and let the currents take him. Then he hears a splash and sees a man calling for help. George then jumps in to save the man. It ends up being Clarence. From Bert's expression, after George is returned to his timeline, he seems to think he was stopping George from jumping into the river. It explains why he's not fazed when George shouts at him; his biggest concern was he was worried George was dead.
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Evil Cripple
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Evil Cripple: Mr. Potter's wheelchair looks like a throne.
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Hobos
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Hobos: As George wasn't there to stop him from fatally mixing up a prescription, Pottersville's Mr. Gower is now a homeless, alcoholic ex-con.
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Irony
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Irony: When George comes to Mr. Potter, the latter says the former is "worth more dead than alive." This coming from the man who not only stole that $8000, but is behind every grievance that's kept George in Bedford Falls, not to mention he's the reason every citizen in town struggles just to keep out of his slums. If anything, the town would be financially better off if it weren't for Potter.
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Mammy
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Mammy: Annie, with a healthy helping of humor and genuine affection toward and from her employers.
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You Are Better Than You Think You Are
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You Are Better Than You Think You Are: The essential point Clarence is telling George; rather than a worthless failure, George is a deeply respected community leader who has been a blessing to everyone he knows.
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Loon with a Heart of Gold
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Loon with a Heart of Gold: In spite of his ineptness and absent-mindedness, Uncle Billy still helps to make meaningful contributions, despite George's disproportionate blamings.
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We Can Rule Together
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We Can Rule Together: Potter attempts to bribe George into giving up the Building & Loan for a cushy job as one of Potter's managers.
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#1 Dime
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#1 Dime: Clarence's copy of Tom Sawyer.
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Unplanned Staycation
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Unplanned Staycation: After George must give up his honeymoon budget to keep the Building and Loan afloat, he and Mary share a honeymoon in the old Granville House, which Bert and Ernie decorate with exotic posters and music.
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Offscreen Moment of Awesome
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Offscreen Moment of Awesome: Who wouldn't want to see the subplot where Mary rallies the people of Bedford Falls to help George pay his due $8000?
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Bedlam House
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Bedlam House: Uncle Billy in the alternate timeline ends up committed to an institution, and Mrs. Bailey is quick to recommend George (who comes across as a stranger to her in the alternate timeline) as a resident:
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Tragic Dropout
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Tragic Dropout: George's dissatisfaction with his life is due to his having been this.
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Rage Breaking Point
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Rage Breaking Point: George is understandably furious and suffering from Suppressed Rage when he comes home after Uncle Billy loses the B&L money. What sets him off is Janie continuously playing "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing" on the piano.
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Proportional Article Importance
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Proportional Article Importance: Invoked. When George shows off the newspaper headline about Harry winning the Medal of Honor, Ernie plays a joke by pretending to only notice the weather forecast ("Gonna snow again.").
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Cloudcuckoolander
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Cloudcuckoolander: Everyone thinks Clarence is nuts at his first appearance, including George. Among the living, Uncle Billy is the best candidate. In the alternate timeline where George was never born, he wound up in an insane asylum.
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Deus Exit Machina
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Deus Exit Machina: Subverted. When George goes to Potter's office to ask for a loan to cover the missing $8,000, Potter asks why he doesn't ask Sam for the money. George tells Potter that he tried but Sam is in London and he couldn't get in contact with him. Later on, when the town gets together to raise the money, Mr. Gower manages to get a cable message to Sam explaining everything and he instructs his office to loan George three times the total.
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Corrupt Corporate Executive
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Corrupt Corporate Executive: Henry Potter, one of the most notable examples in film.
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"Eureka!" Moment
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"Eureka!" Moment: After George bitterly wishes he had never been born, Clarence at first tells him he shouldn't say things like that, but then he realizes that by showing George just how awful things would have been had he not been born, he can earn his wings by showing George just how much his life mattered to those around him.
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Slap-Slap-Kiss
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Slap-Slap-Kiss: After George and Mary's phone call with Sam Wainwright, George grabs Mary and starts shouting at her. Pretty soon he runs out of words and it's at that point that he finally admits his love for Mary by hugging and kissing her.
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In Spite of a Nail
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In Spite of a Nail: Perhaps the only thing that doesn't change in the Pottersville alternate reality is that Bert and Ernie are still friends.
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Character Catchphrase
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Character Catchphrase: "Hee-haw!" for Sam Wainwright.
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What the Hell, Hero?
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What the Hell, Hero?: George gets a comic one from Mary when he refuses to give her back her robe, but a graver one later when he takes out his frustrations on the children. Then Mr. Welch delivers one to him in the shape of a fist.
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Sympathy for the Devil
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Sympathy for the Devil: George's father seems to feel this way toward Mr. Potter:
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You Are Not Alone
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You Are Not Alone: The final scenes of the movie is this in spades when every one of George's companions comes to his aid for once.
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Refuge in Audacity
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Refuge in Audacity: During the school dance, a rival suitor of Mary's attempts to embarrass George by dunking him into a swimming pool situated beneath the dance floor, but George and Mary take it in stride and the partygoers consider it a splash. The principal, after unsuccesful attempt to keep order, eventually jumps in. Not soon after, the rival and his friend shrug with an "If you can't beat them, join them" look before jumping in as well.
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BackhandedCompliment
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Backhanded Compliment: Potter eulogizing Peter Bailey as "a man of high ideals. ...so-called."
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Creator Provincialism
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Creator Provincialism: At the start of the film, Saint Joseph observes that George is due to kill himself "at exactly 10:45 Earth time". Apparently even God thinks America (specifically upstate New York) is the epicenter of the Earth. Or maybe he just means the Earth time relative to where George is. (In a later scene, a time is given again, this time specifically referring to it as "Bedford Falls time".)
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Happily Failed Suicide
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Happily Failed Suicide: In the end, Clarence successfully convinces George that his life is worth living. George, on realizing he's back in Bedford Falls, runs happily through the snow, even wishing Potter a Merry Christmas, and goes to kiss everyone in his family. Mind this is before the townspeople save him from going to jail.
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Writers Cannot Do Math
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Writers Cannot Do Math: When George and Clarence visit Harry's grave in the alternate reality, Clarence says that Harry died at the age of nine. Yet the gravestone reads "1911 - 1919", meaning Harry would have been either seven or eight when he drowned.
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Morally Bankrupt Banker
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Morally Bankrupt Banker: Averted with the Baileys, and played straight with Potter. While it's unclear what the initial source of the latter's fortune is, midway through the film he buys out the bank during the Depression and it's in this capacity we see him for the remainder of the story.
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Hand Wave
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Handwave: The question of whether the townspeople can raise enough money to cover George's deficit is handwaved by having a telegram from Sam Wainwright offer George over three times the amount needed.
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Adaptation Name Change
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Adaptation Name Change: The protagonist and his wife are named George Pratt and Mary Thatcher in the original story, while George's guardian angel is identified only as "The Stranger".
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Contrived Coincidence
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Contrived Coincidence: The day of George and Mary's wedding, where George has gathered together about two thousand dollars in cash to finance the various events of their honeymoon, is the same day as a run on the bank and Bailey Building and Loan happens, with George and Mary driving through town right at the start of the run. With a large supply of cash in hand, George is able to singlehandedly keep the BBL afloat by loaning it out in place of the money the BBL doesn't have.
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Start X to Stop X
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Start X to Stop X: Clarence arrives on Earth just seconds before George throws himself off the bridge and to a frozen, watery grave. How does Clarence stop him? Jump in the water himself and beg for someone to save him. George jumps in anyway, drags him to safety, and sticks around to make sure he's all right.
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Reasonable Authority Figure
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Reasonable Authority Figure: Bert the cop, in both timelines. In the Pottersville world, he tries to calmly take George to a hospital on thinking the man is suffering a nervous breakdown after letting him explores the ruin of what he claims is his home. Meanwhile, in the prime timeline, he says he spent all night searching for George because he saw his car had crashed and was worried he was dead. Bert also takes time to ask George if he's okay since his mouth is bleeding. When George runs off, gleeful that he's back, Bert is confused but relieved.
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Chekhov's Gunman
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Chekhov's Gunman: Harry, literally. George saves his life in one of the film's opening scenes and during WW2, he becomes a Navy pilot and shoots down two kamikaze planes, saving a transport full of soldiers, which earns him the Congressional Medal of Honor. He later appears at the end of the movie to help George with the money. Sam Wainwright. He first appears as one of George's childhood friends, and as an adult, after a comment made by George about making plastics out of soybeans, he goes on to make a fortune selling plastic hoods for planes in the war. After Uncle Billy misplaces the BBL's $8,000, George tries to contact Sam for help but fails. Luckily, Gower is able to contact Sam, explain the situation, and Sam is able to get him more than enough to save the day.
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Bad Guy Bar
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Bad Guy Bar: Nick's. "This oughta be Martini's place!".
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Silly Rabbit, Idealism Is for Kids!
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Silly Rabbit, Idealism Is for Kids! Potter is a Politically Incorrect Villain who thinks that "the riffraff" of Bedford Falls are "a discontented, lazy rabble" whose minds are "filled" with "impossible ideas" by "starry-eyed dreamers" like the Baileys. He remains clueless why George continues to help the town despite his current status, even when George tells it to him numerous times.
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Manchild
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There's a scene where a young George playfully wishes he had a million dollars, and clicks a cigarette lighter while saying it. When it lights, he exclaims, "Hot dog!" He does this again as a young adult. This represents the romantic, escapist side of George's personality, and shows he still has a child-like sense of wonder.
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Friend to All Living Things
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Friend to All Living Things: Uncle Billy has a bizarre assortment of animals living with him.
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Last-Name Basis
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Last-Name Basis: Potter is always referred to by his surname or as "Mr. Potter". Joseph reveals when we first see him that his full name is Henry F. Potter, and his full name is seen on the door of his office a few times.
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The Ditz
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The Ditz: Uncle Billy.
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Karmic Jackpot
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Karmic Jackpot: George spends much of his life helping others, from his brother to the ordinary townspeople. When he's in a spot, Mary calls everyone who helped George, and they also get more people. The end result is he gets more than enough money to pay for the missing $8000.
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Empathic Environment
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Empathic Environment: The run on the Building & Loan takes place with a Gray Rain of Depression in the background. The snow ceases to fall when George is in the alternate universe and resumes when he returns.
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Egopolis
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Egopolis: Pottersville. Ernie lives "in a shack in Potter's Field", the bizarro version of Bailey Park. Downplayed with George's housing development of Bailey Park, which was named after his father.
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Calling the Old Man Out
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Calling the Old Man Out: Clarence gives a philosophical "Reason You Suck" Speech to Mr. Potter in a scene that only exists in the script:
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Determinator
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Determinator: Bert says that he was searching all night to find George in the prime timeline because it's freezing outside and Mary told him about what happened at home. Now isn't that friendship?
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Hate Sink
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Hate Sink: Mr. Henry F. Potter is the richest and meanest man in the town of Bedford Falls. Throughout the film, Mr. Potter strives to bring the town under his heel through buying everything out, with only George Bailey keeping him at bay. On Christmas Eve 1945, Potter is accidentally given an envelope of money by George's Uncle Billy. Potter pockets the money and when George comes to him for a loan when Billy's mistake is discovered, Potter gloats about the fact that George is ruined and sends out a warrant for his arrest out of spite, nearly causing George to commit suicide. When George wishes he was never born, he is shown that reality, where without George's interference Potter has taken over the town of Bedford Falls and renamed it Pottersville, a Wretched Hive with rampant crime, alcoholism and unhappiness. Mr. Potter stands out as one of film history's most infamous misers.
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The Load
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The Load: Uncle Billy is this thanks to his poor memory, at least according to George's blamings.
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Telegraph Gag STOP
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Telegraph Gag STOP: Sam Wainwright sends a telegram from London when he hears George is in trouble. Ernie reads it aloud, including the stops.
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O.O.C. Is Serious Business
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O.O.C. Is Serious Business: When George comes home later after realizing the severity of his situation, he is quietly despondent and eventually has an anger-induced meltdown. All of this makes sense to the viewer who knows George is panicking over the missing $8,000 and the possible jail time he may face, but Mary, who is unaware of the situation, knows her husband normally doesn't act this way. She sees George walk in and immediately asks if everything is all right, and becomes frightened as George shifts several times between abject rage and an anxiety attack. It's thanks to her awareness of George and his behavior that she begins phoning for help shortly after he leaves and ends up saving George from prison when the town answers the call.
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Emotion Suppression
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Emotion Suppression: George does this very subtly in the scene where Harry comes back from college with a wife, and announces that he's been offered a really good job, which George knows will mean that he himself won't be able to quit the bank and go traveling. Harry and his wife pass out of the shot and we hear them and George's mother chatting away happily, but the camera follows George for a few seconds as he walks silently after them, with all his earlier good humour completely gone from his face — and then he joins them and you can see him forcing himself to be cheerful again. At least one critic has pointed out that this is the moment in the film where George is almost crushed by the realization that he will never be able to drop everything and do just what he wants. Taken a step further and averted in the musical adaptation, A Wonderful Life. George loses his quiet and his cool when confronting Harry, who openly spurns the agreement they made when he left for college, managing to insult George and their father in the process.
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Younger Than They Look
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Younger Than They Look: In the alternate universe, Clarence says that Mary is an "old maid", yet when we see her, she looks a bit younger when she is closing the library. Maybe it must be due to that makeup.
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Wealthy Ever After
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Wealthy Ever After: George at the end when the people of Bedford Falls pledge donations to save the Building and Loan (as well as $25,000 from his old friend Sam Wainwright), and thus George, from financial ruin. Put best by Harry: "To my big brother George, the richest man in town!"
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Stripping Snag
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Stripping Snag: George steps on Mary's robe by accident while walking home from a school-dance-turned-swim, and she needs to hide in the bushes, naked, until he gives her robe back to her.
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Big Damn Heroes
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Big Damn Heroes: George saving Harry from drowning at the start of the film. George indirectly stopping a sick boy from being accidentally poisoned by Gower. Actually, pretty much everything George does to stop Potter taking over Bedford Falls counts as this in the long run. If he hadn't been there to stop it (as we see during the Pottersville sequence), the result would have been horrifying. Mary standing up in the middle of a run on the Building & Loan and offering up their honeymoon fund to get the townsfolk through the next six days. Harry pulls one off in the war by saving a transport full of soldiers from kamikaze pilots. Sam Wainwright (and by extension, Mr. Gower, who finally managed to get through to him by paying for what's implied to be multiple telegraphs from New York to Paris in the middle of the night) at the very end of the film, immediately authorizing the transfer of up to $25,000 (in 1940s money!), no questions asked, upon hearing that George needed help.
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Jerkass
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Potter wastes no opportunity to be a Jerkass and show his contempt for everyone. Take a look at the scene where he invites George into his office to try and bribe him with a job. When George takes a seat, he's surprised at how low the chair is. Potter does that on purpose so anyone sitting there has to look up at him, while he looks down on them.
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Jerkass: Honestly, if you didn't want to just smash Potter in the face before this movie, after viewing it, you will. Potter wastes no opportunity to be a Jerkass and show his contempt for everyone. Take a look at the scene where he invites George into his office to try and bribe him with a job. When George takes a seat, he's surprised at how low the chair is. Potter does that on purpose so anyone sitting there has to look up at him, while he looks down on them.
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Evil Old Folks
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Evil Old Folks: Potter is a cruel, petty, avaricious old man.
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LawOfConservationOfDetail
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Law of Conservation of Detail: Much of the first hour sets up what will be changed by George not existing.
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Servile Snarker
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Servile Snarker: Annie, who works as a maid for George's parents.
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Drama-Preserving Handicap
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Drama-Preserving Handicap: Sam Wainwright is incredibly wealthy and loves George. He wouldn't hesitate to lend George the money he needs. Mr. Potter even knows this and asks why George doesn't go to him. So for the sake of the climax not ending in five minutes, Sam is in Europe and George hasn't been able to reach him. George later finds out at the end of the movie that Sam, upon learning what happened, of course immediately orders his office to wire George three times the amount of money he needs to help him out.
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Distracted by the Sexy: At one point, a nameless background male character turns his head to watch Violet walk by while crossing the street and nearly gets hit by a car as a result.
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Vinyl Shatters: After a fallout with George, Mary, out of frustration, shatters a "Buffalo Gals" record. (This is an example of the primordial version of the trope: the film is set, and was made, before the shatter-resistant vinyl records were common for home use, so the record Mary breaks would be made from the more fragile shellac.)
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Incessant Music Madness: When George returns home after discovering that Billy misplaced the deposit money, he begins to mentally unravel while Janie can be heard practicing Hark the Herald Angels Sing on the piano. Eventually, he snaps and shouts, "Haven't you learned that silly tune yet? You've been playing it over and over! Now stop it! Stop it!!"
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Bizarro Universe: Pottersville. All the familiar faces are there (well, except Harry), but they behave much differently.
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Earn Your Happy Ending: George is nearly Driven to Suicide. But in the end, all his problems are solved and he's surrounded by loving family, friends, and neighbors. It's something of an unusual case in that George's actions after losing the eight thousand dollars don't really help his situation at all. Instead, it's the things he's already done, the faith in his character and the gratitude of the townspeople for how much he's done for them all that drives the film's resolution. George had already earned his happy ending before his troubles even began. And Clarence finally gets his wings after everything he went through to help George.
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Youngest Child Wins: Appears to be in full force, with George's younger brother Harry becoming a war hero. Averted in the end, as Harry leads the toast for George Bailey, the most popular man in Bedford Falls. We see in the backstory that Harry only won because George stepped aside for him. George looked out for his brother and made several sacrifices for him, including staying behind and looking after the Building & Loan so Harry could go to college (even paying for it with his own tuition). In the alternate Bedford Falls, Harry never lived to see his tenth birthday without George to save his life.
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Snow Means Love
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Snow Means Love: It stops snowing after George wishes he'd never been born, and only starts up again after he decides he wants to live again. Also, one of the earliest depictions of a Butterfly Effect.
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Stop Trick: Used for Clarence's escape from Bert.
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Evil Cannot Comprehend Good: Mr. Potter is this trope. Seriously, almost every scene and every fifth line of his dialogue features a gross miscalculation of one of the Baileys, or human nature in general. To elaborate: He doesn't understand Peter Bailey's motivation for creating the Building & Loan, or George's motivation for (permanently) postponing his vacation and college education to keep the B&L going... even after George spells it out for him in his "The Reason You Suck" Speech. The notion that providing decent housing for the townspeople might be rewarding in and of itself simply does not click with Potter. He even assumes that the "discontented, lazy rabble" that runs on the B&L is a violent lynch mob rather then the frightened but decent crowd it actually is. Still not sure who or what he's dealing with, Potter wonders aloud to his real estate flunky how Bailey commands public respect despite not making a great deal of money off of his (potentially lucrative) housing projects. Potter attempts to bribe George with a lucrative job — provided that George dissolve the B&L and hand it over to Potter. Potter makes a good sales pitch... but George is only tempted for a grand total of thirty seconds (time it), before the revulsion hits him. It's Potter's sweaty palm that tips George off to the fact that Potter is still scheming against him. When George comes begging Potter for money because "I misplaced $8,000." Potter (who hid that very money after watching George's Uncle Billy lose it) replies in shock, "You misplaced $8,000?" (emphasis his) — evidently, although Potter expected the loss of the money to cause a lot of problems for his rival, George taking the blame and risking going to jail himself wasn't one of them. Potter's final swing-and-a-miss is easy to overlook, though the climax hinges on it. While gloating over George's downfall, Potter taunts him asking "why doesn't he ask the rabble" for the money, predicting that the "rabble" would run him out of town. Of course, this is exactly what Mary and Uncle Billy do, and the townspeople rally in support en-masse around George. Honestly, does anyone who considers a fellow human being "worth more dead than alive" understand anything Good? In the wealth that truly counts, Potter is the poorest man in town.
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Drives Like Crazy: George after leaving Martini's, before contemplating suicide, resulting in him driving into a tree. Justified because he was drunk.
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Running Gag: George climbing the stairs of his house and yanking the head off of the newel post on the wooden railing.
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Have a Gay Old Time: "He's making violent love to me, mother!" In this era, "making love" meant something akin to "courting" or even "kissing," as opposed to a romantic euphemism for sex. Downplayed in that this wouldn't have scandalized her much less in the '20s with the meaning intended than it would now with the current meaning. Pottersville Nick kicking George and Clarence out of his bar, calling them "you two pixies" (which back then was almost certainly meant as slang for hobo or drunk; also, the term 'pixilated' was slang for 'kind of crazy'). Or just Nick making fun of Clarence's claims to being an angel.
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The Power of Friendship: It's through the close bonds George has cultivated with the townsfolk that he manages to overcome his struggles and realize that he has served a purpose. As Clarence tells him, "No man is a failure who has friends."
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Comically Missing the Point: George excitedly shows Ernie a newspaper headline about Harry's Congressional Medal of Honor; Ernie kids him by glancing at the paper and remarking that it's going to snow again. Upon hearing that Ma Bailey had lunch with the President's wife, Eustace asks what they had to eat.
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Landline Eavesdropping: George comes to visit a young Mary while her suitor is on the phone from New York. Mary's mother, who's keen to set her up with the suitor, listens in on an upstairs line and grows increasingly concerned when the conversation doesn't go well and Mary makes George talk to him instead.
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Briefer Than They Think: George arrives at the river bridge with exactly 31 minutes remaining in a film that runs 2 hours and 10 minutes. Even if you've seen it a bunch of times, it's easy to forget that Clarence and Pottersville are the third act, not the main plot.
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Minor Major Character
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Minor Major Character: Marty Hatch makes very few appearances in the last two thirds of the film, despite the fact that he is both Mary's older brother and one of George's best friends.
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Brick Joke: George repeatedly breaking the knob off the staircase rail. "Hee-haw!" Kind of a dark one (though YMMV in regards to how dark). George at one point asks Mary what she'd be if they weren't together. She jokingly replies "an old maid" and it's quickly forgotten. Come the Alternate Timeline, though...
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Gondor Calls for Aid
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Gondor Calls for Aid: The entire town turns out to help raise the money for George. Mary notified all of his friends about what happened, and they come at the end. George Bailey is easily bailed out of financial trouble; and in fact, he has a number of bar patrons come to his aid at Martini's before he receives the goodness of Bedford Falls' residents at the film's conclusion. Why? Forget the respected man about town (which he obviously is), he is responsible for just about every man in town having a good paying job (and becoming homeowners). George Bailey good-naturedly chides Sam Wainwright into building a plastics plant in Bedford Falls instead of Rochester (right after he and Mary move Martini and his family into their new home). George Bailey literally helped create a middle class in a town that had only the very rich and the mostly poor in power. This is why the so-called "rabble" of Bedford Falls comes out of the woodwork to help George Bailey.
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Evil Is Petty
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Evil is Petty: George calls Potter a "warped, frustrated old man" in the board meeting scene that took place in 1928. Potter not only remembers this insult word-for-word, but throws it back in George's face in the last act of the film, which takes place 17 years later.
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Old Maid
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Old Maid: Mary becomes one in the Georgeless universe because of how she never married.
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It's a Wonderful Life

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 It's a Wonderful Life
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Life-Affirming Aesop / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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Maiden Aunt / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Malt Shop / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Mammy / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Mathematician's Answer / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Merchant Prince / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Morally Bankrupt Banker / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Naked People Trapped Outside / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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Old Maid / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Once per Episode / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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One True Love / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Our Angels Are Different / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Our Archons Are Different / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Person as Verb / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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Proportional Article Importance / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Public Domain Character / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Rambunctious Italian / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Random Smoking Scene / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Red Right Hand / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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Rule of Pool / int_f57525ab
 Russian Relaxing
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It's a Wonderful Life
 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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Screen-to-Stage Adaptation / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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Secret Message Wink / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Servile Snarker / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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Single Malt Vision / int_f57525ab
 Sliding Scale of Film Obscurity
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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Sneaky Spider / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Snow Means Death / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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Standard '50s Father / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Standard '50s Father / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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Start X to Stop X / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Status Quo Is God / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Stealing from the Till / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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String-on-Finger Reminder / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Stripping Snag / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Suicide Dare / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Suicide for Others' Happiness / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Super Multi-Purpose Room / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Talking Down the Suicidal / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Tear Up the Contract / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Telegraph Gag STOP / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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The Alleged House / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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The Driver / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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The Dutiful Son / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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The Exit Is That Way / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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The Fettered / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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The Golden Rule / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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The Great Depression / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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The Joy of X / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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The Maiden Name Debate / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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The Scrooge / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Threshold Guardians / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Time Zones Do Not Exist / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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Totally 18 / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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 It's a Wonderful Life
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Unplanned Staycation / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Ur-Example / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Vice City / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Villain World / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Villainous Gentrification / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Vindicated by Cable / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Vinyl Shatters / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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War Hero / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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What If? / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
hasFeature
Widow's Weeds / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
hasFeature
Winds of Change / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
hasFeature
Wolf Whistle / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
hasFeature
Yet Another Christmas Carol / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
hasFeature
You Are Better Than You Think You Are / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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Youngest Child Wins / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
hasFeature
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies / int_f57525ab
 It's a Wonderful Life
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How Much Did You Hear? / int_f57525ab