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The Birth of a Nation (1915)

 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
type
TVTItem
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
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The Birth of a Nation (1915)
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TheBirthOfANation1915
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
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The Birth of a Nation is a 1915 silent film by D. W. Griffith, starring famous silent film actress Lillian Gish, and one of Hollywood's first great "epic" films. Based on the 1905 novel The Clansman by Thomas Dixon, the premise is a two-part chronicle of American history, with considerable neo-Confederate liberties.The first part depicts the nation before, during and after The American Civil War, from the perspective of two juxtaposed families – the Northern Stonemans, who are abolitionists and federalists, and the Southern Camerons, who are secessionists. When war breaks, the houses must send their sons off to their respective opposing armies. The Camerons suffer many hardships in the war torn and depleted South, and must deal with hunger, ransackers, looters and rapists.Eventually, the Union army crushes the Confederacy, ending the war. President Abraham Lincoln promises to rebuild the South, in spite of protests from vengeful Northern politicians who would execute its leaders and treat the land as conquered territory. But Lincoln is assassinated at Ford's Theater, allowing the Radical Republicans, led by Austin Stoneman, to gain strength and support for inflicting punitive measures on the South for their rebellion.The second part depicts the Reconstruction era. With the war over and slavery abolished, new issues arrive that America must resolve. The South must be rebuilt and re-integrated as part of the nation, without its dependency on slavery. The freed slaves must find their place in the new society, and their rights and legal status must be determined. Violent controversy erupts in the South over how to tackle these issues. Stoneman and the Radical Republicans go to South Carolina to try to influence the votes of Southern blacks. The Ku Klux Klan is formed in response, who hunt down and lynch a murderous former slave, rescue the Cameron family from an attack by a black militia, and effectively disenfranchise the black voters. The people depicted throughout as the "true enemy", though, are mulattoes– those of mixed white and black ancestry, who will stop at nothing to bring the white man down.Being one of the first feature films ever, The Birth of a Nation introduced, refined and popularized too many tropes to count, and is considered one of the most groundbreaking films ever, proving that cinema was a valid form of media rather than a passing fad. It was a massive hit, grossing somewhere between $50–100 million.note In 1915, movie tickets averaged between 10 and 25 cents, however, tickets for The Birth of a Nation were priced at a premium and could cost up to $2, meaning it probably sold around 15-20 million tickets, which wouldn't even rank it among the top ten most-attended silent films. While most sources agree it was the highest-grossing film of its era, by some estimates it sold less than half as many tickets as Mickey, which is regarded as the most-attended silent film. However, it was also extremely controversial even when released, as its view of Reconstruction is one that promotes white supremacy, loathsomely demonizes black Americans (especially biracial black-white people), and glorifies the KKK. In fact, the KKK had a huge revival in the years after this was released (membership numbered around six million at its peak around 1925), and many people credit Birth as one of the reasons why.This was the first feature-length film to be screened at the White House. Then-President Woodrow Wilson, former Princeton University professor, and Thomas Dixon was one of his former students. It is widely told that, after seeing the picture, Wilson said, "It is like writing history with lightning. And my only regret is that it is all so terribly true." The truth is that he probably never said anything like that; the quote appears to have been fabricated by Dixon.The film is in the public domain note notorious film preservationist Raymond Rohauer tried to claim copyright through purchasing the copyrights of producer Epoch Producing Corporation, who thought they had the rights to the movie [they didn't; Griffith did] and renewed its copyright in 1942, and sued fellow film preservationist Paul Killiam for reissuing the film in 1964, touching off a legal battle which ended in 1975 with the ruling that the 1942 copyright renewal was invalid and the film thus in the public domain, a ruling the Supreme Court upheld in 1976 and can be viewed in its entirety on YouTube or even its article on The Other Wiki. Many early cinema pioneers worked on or appeared in the film: John Ford is a Klansman, Erich von Stroheim was one of Griffith's assistants, and Raoul Walsh plays John Wilkes Booth.Because of its historical prominence and the fact that it was, despite its ludicrous and false premise, incredibly well-made, Birth has long been prominent in film classes as educational material. Needless to say, it has become ever more divisive as people have become more willing to challenge both the Lost Cause lies it propounds and its inclusion in nearly every single film school's catalog of must-watch movies. There are, after all, many other movies that showcase historical firsts, innovation, and great film technique without also glorifying white supremacist violence.In 2016, over a century after the release, a film with the same name was released. However, unlike the former's pro-Klan overtones, the 2016 one was the exact opposite, concerning a slave rebellion; info on that film can be found here.Compare Triumph of the Will, a similarly influential white nationalist propaganda piece produced in Nazi Germany 20 years later.
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Best Friends-in-Law
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Best Friends-in-Law: The "chums", Ben Cameron and Phil Stoneman, end up as brothers in-law after marrying each other's sisters.
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No Celebrities Were Harmed
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No Celebrities Were Harmed: Austin Stoneman is a stand-in for Thaddeus Stevens, the leader of the Radical Republicans. And "Lydia Brown" is a stand-in for Stevens' Real Life biracial common-law wife, Lydia Hamilton Smith. Ben Cameron as an ex-Confederate soldier who forms the Klan to protect Southern virtue is one for Nathan Bedford Forrest, the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan. (This is a looser example. Forrest was a cavalry general, while Ben Cameron is an infantry colonel. Not to mention Forrest actually left the KKK and even condemned it for being too violent.)
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Poirot Speak
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Poirot Speak: "Dem free-niggers f'um de N'of um so' crazy". So says "Mammy" when she meets Stoneman's servant.
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In the Hood
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In the Hood: The KKK wear white hoods partly to disguise their identities.
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Milking the Giant Cow
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Milking the Giant Cow: Flora makes the stereotypical cow-milking gesture right before she commits suicide. Elsie does this a couple of times when Silas drops the bomb about wanting to marry her, right before she resorts to the other silent-movie emotion trope, fainting.
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Same Content, Different Rating
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Same Content, Different Rating: While considered a film for general audiences across the world at the time, some ratings boards that have taken a look at The Birth of a Nation through a modern lens strongly disagree. The BBFC, for example, originally rated it U in 1916 (and came to the same conclusion as late as 1952), but upon reevaluation in 1994, up-rated it all the way to 15, citing its racist themes and language as the key reason.
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Beauty Equals Goodness
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Beauty Equals Goodness: Especially prevalent in the novel. All the heroes are beautiful; all the villains (except for Lydia Brown) are hideous.
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Scary Black Man
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Scary Black Man: Gus, who stalks and apparently tries to rape Flora. And an even scarier biracial, Silas Lynch.
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Even Evil Has Standards
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Even Evil Has Standards: In-universe. When Silas Lynch first informs his mentor, Austin Stoneman, of his intention to marry a white woman, Austin Stoneman is initially congratulatory... until Silas specifies the white woman to be Stoneman's own daughter, Elsie.
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Flat Character
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Flat Character: Another reason this film is so hated by modern audiences is because a good chunk of the characters have little — if any — personality. (i.e.: Elsie Stoneman, Austin Stoneman, Margaret Cameron, to name a few)
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Historical Hero Upgrade
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Historical Hero Upgrade: The Klan; and, indeed, the Confederate States of America, a treasonous rebellion for the preservation of slavery.
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Broken Aesop
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Broken Aesop: The film's final scene carries a message of peace and universal brotherhood...but this was after scenes of immense violence and persecution against the black characters. Perhaps the message is "white people deserve peace and liberty while black people should get eternal subjugation." (This is indeed what Dixon believed.)
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Damsel in Distress
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Damsel in Distress: Flora Cameron and later, Elsie Stoneman. Flora commits suicide rather than be raped, while Elsie is saved from marrying Silas Lynch by The Cavalry.
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Hidden in Plain Sight
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Hidden in Plain Sight: Ben's Klan robe is folded up into a white pillow and left on the living room couch. This works well enough until a black soldier peeping through the door sees Margaret Cameron folding the robe up.
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Villainous Crush
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Villainous Crush: Silas has a powerful one on Elsie.
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Divided States of America
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Divided States of America: A drama of the Civil War as seen through two families, one Northern and one Southern.
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Corrupt Politician
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Corrupt Politician: The black legislators are depicted as incompetent and sleazy buffoons, with Lynch portrayed as a devilish fiend.
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In-Universe
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In-Universe, "white spies disguised" infiltrate the mob of black soldiers rampaging through the town at the end.
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And Now You Must Marry Me
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And Now You Must Marry Me: Silas Lynch has Elsie Stoneman Bound and Gagged and preparations made to forcibly wed her to him.
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Artistic License – History
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Artistic License – History: In general, the film supports a racist reading of the American Civil War and Reconstruction, including that put forth by the Dunning School, that has since been discredited by modern scholars. The film also gets specifics wrong, such as portraying a black militia raiding South Carolina, which never happened.
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Police Are Useless
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Police Are Useless: Justified in that the Radical Republicans, more or less, own the police.
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Adaptation Distillation
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Adaptation Distillation: In the novel, Marion, the character corresponding to Flora, is Ben's childhood sweetheart rather than his little sister. She is raped by Gus, while in the film it's not actually clear that's what Gus intended. And she jumps off the cliff because she was Defiled Forever, and her mother jumps with her.
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The Mountains of Illinois
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comment
The Mountains of Illinois: At the end of the film, Ben and Elise are sitting on a bluff overlooking the ocean. There are no bluffs on the coastline of South Carolina.
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Time Skip
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Time Skip: A simple "Two and a half years later" card takes the film forward from right after Bull Run to sometime in late 1863, to Ben Cameron serving in the army somewhere.
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Death Glare
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Death Glare: Any time Ben Cameron lays eyes upon Silas Lynch.
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Grievous Harm with a Body
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Grievous Harm with a Body: One of the Ku-Kluxers clobbers several black guys with one of their friends. The way the man being swung as a club flops about indicates that Senator Stoneman isn't the only straw man in this film.
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Where da White Women At?
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Where da White Women At?: Sort of. Both Silas Lynch and Gus want white women but the women don't exactly return their feelings. One particularly racist scene has white women in the gallery watching as the state legislature, now consisting entirely of freed slaves, passes a law allowing intermarriage between races. The legislators cast interested glances at the white women in the stands.
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Meaningful Name
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Meaningful Name: A former black slave — and a monstrously racist caricature — named Lynch. Charming.
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An Insert
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An Insert: Pretty much required in silent movies with sophisticated plots.
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Les Collaborateurs
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Les Collaborateurs: Carpetbaggers, Scalawags, and freedmen. From the Southern aristocracy's perspective, this really is what they were, but an outside observer might think of another trope.
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Historical Badass Upgrade
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Historical Badass Upgrade: The Ku Klux Klan. The Klan killed about 3,000 people over the course of its existence. This is quite a lot, but it's not nearly as many as Gettysburg as the movie claims; approximately 7800 soldiers died there. The Klan specialized in assassinations and low-intensity guerrilla tactics. They took potshots at their enemies, but never launched full cavalry charges — and never had sufficient numbers to launch such charges. (Gone with the Wind has a much more realistic depiction of Klan activity — including the part where the Klansmen are all plantation aristocracy.) The film shows the KKK defeating the Union Army; in fact, the Union Army defeated the Klan, when President Ulysses S. Grant sent in heavy reinforcements once the Klan started scoring some successes. (Reconstruction ended shortly afterwards, in 1876-77, when Democratic delegates secured the withdrawal of US troops from their territory in exchange for allowing Rutherford B. Hayes' election as President to proceed smoothly.)
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Close-Up on Head
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Closeup on Head: A shot starts with showing a mother and daughter, huddled together, weeping. The shot pans over to show that they are actually hiding on the top of a hill, and far below them, the Union army is burning their house.
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Fair for Its Day
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Fair for Its Day: Invoked in the intro to the second part, but fails into aversion. Even during the "Nadir of American race relations" it was considered racist.
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The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_79a80b74
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_7abd339f
type
Black-and-White Morality
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_7abd339f
comment
Black-and-White Morality: Literally. In the Reconstruction chapter, the villains are vengeful, scheming, manipulative, corrupt politicians who use freed slaves and militia to terrorize the former Southern aristocracy. The heroes, the KKK are Knights in Shining Armour who at the end intimidate part of society into not voting. People don't consider this film racist for nothing.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_7abd339f
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_7abd339f
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
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The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_7abd339f
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_7dbd52b8
type
Light Is Good
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_7dbd52b8
comment
Light Is Good: The KKK from the film's perspective, heroes that save the white race from subjugation.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_7dbd52b8
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_7dbd52b8
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_7dbd52b8
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_808cbaeb
type
Arson, Murder, and Jaywalking
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_808cbaeb
comment
Arson, Murder, and Jaywalking: The black villains attempt rape, set up forced marriages, and...eat and drink during a session of the state legislature.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_808cbaeb
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_808cbaeb
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
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The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_808cbaeb
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_813afa05
type
Defiled Forever
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_813afa05
comment
Defiled Forever: Averted, as Flora Cameron leaps to her death rather than (maybe) get raped by Gus.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_813afa05
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-1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_813afa05
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
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The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_813afa05
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_815ea2a1
type
All Is Well That Ends Well
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_815ea2a1
comment
All Is Well That Ends Well: Well, all yet seems well. White power is restored in the South, a terrorized black populace is returned to what the KKK thought was their rightful place, and the Cameron siblings marry the Stoneman siblings.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_815ea2a1
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_815ea2a1
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
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The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_815ea2a1
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_8183248
type
Never Mess with Granny
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_8183248
comment
Never Mess with Granny: We have an overweight elderly housekeeper leap into action and save her employer, knocking down at least one ruffian and two soldiers in the process. Interesting for a white supremacist racist work, the heroine is black and the man she's saving is white. It was a common belief at the time, and certainly Griffith's as a Southern whites, that African-Americans had been better off, and happier, as slaves, until they were "stirred up" by Northern interlopers. This viewpoint was later internalized by Northern politicians who weren't too keen on giving African-Americans the vote so they started buying into the "Lost Cause" view as well. A scene of a black woman leaping to the defense of her beloved employer/master was more acceptable than an African-American judge or soldier (who are shown as cackling villains in the film).
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_8183248
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_8183248
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_8183248
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_863fa679
type
What Happened to the Mouse?
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_863fa679
comment
What Happened to the Mouse?: The fate of Silas Lynch is not shown after he is captured by the Klan and Elsie is freed. Of course, it isn't hard to guess.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_863fa679
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_863fa679
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_863fa679
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_86c2ee3c
type
Dodgy Toupee
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_86c2ee3c
comment
Dodgy Toupee: If all the other negative characterization wasn't enough, in his first scene Austin Stoneman is shown futzing with and adjusting his toupee.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_86c2ee3c
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_86c2ee3c
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
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The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_86c2ee3c
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_882cd7d1
type
Double In-Law Marriage
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_882cd7d1
comment
Double In-Law Marriage: Ends with a double honeymoon after siblings Elsie and Phil Stoneman marry, respectively, siblings Ben and Margaret Cameron.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_882cd7d1
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_882cd7d1
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_882cd7d1
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_8cb01d0e
type
Category Traitor
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_8cb01d0e
comment
Category Traitor: The Radical Republicans are implied to have betrayed the white race, especially with Stoneman himself having an extramarital affair with a black woman - leading him to give power to the evil mulatto who later tries to rape his daughter. There's also a "scalawag" white captain who leads the black soldiers.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_8cb01d0e
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_8cb01d0e
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_8cb01d0e
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_8e04fdd7
type
Dragon with an Agenda
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_8e04fdd7
comment
Dragon with an Agenda: Silas Lynch works for Austin Stoneman in attempting to destroy the South, but he has a different agenda: forging a "black empire."
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_8e04fdd7
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_8e04fdd7
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_8e04fdd7
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_916c72b3
type
Rule of Symbolism
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_916c72b3
comment
Rule of Symbolism: Yes, even a film with massive Values Dissonance such as this one, can have a surprising amount of symbolism. Though it's not exactly subtle... The straightforward film ends with a mind-bogglingly trippy closing scene. The vision reflects the stated anti-war purpose of the film. We see a personification of war—a massive armored soldier sitting atop a steed—attacking a group of screaming people on the left side of the screen, while the right side is filled with dead bodies. Slowly, the scene shifts. Instead of a group of wounded people, we see a group of happy folks partying in togas. Instead of a giant warrior superimposed over them, we see Jesus Christ himself. Ironically enough, neither of these scenes take place in modern times—they seem either medieval or ancient. On one hand, the symbolism is pretty simple: war is bad and Christianity is good. On the other, however, it seems to be a subtle way of implying that Jesus is on the side of the South, which seems pretty absurd considering the whole slavery business. Either way, it's quite the trippy way of closing out a film that takes an otherwise realistic approach. The varied state of the Camerons' plantation mansion reflects the state of the South at large. At first, the house is completely luxurious. This establishes the mansion—and the Camerons themselves—as symbols of the Southern aristocracy. The house becomes a major target during the war. For example, at one point a group of guerillas attack the house, ransacking it and setting it on fire. Later, during Reconstruction, Lynch makes it his goal to cause as much damage to it as possible. Because the house represents the Southern aristocracy, these attacks represent the perceived targeting of that aristocracy by the North during the Reconstruction. Furthermore, the house's resilience despite these attacks reflect Griffith's belief that this line of nobility is alive and well in this new American era. Animals pop up often throughout The Birth of a Nation, and they carry a different sort of symbolic resonance each time. For example: When we first meet the Cameron family, there is a gaggle of adorable puppies and kittens playing at their feet. This is supposed to relate them (and the pre-war South as a whole) with innocence, an innocence that Griffith thinks is sullied after the Civil War. Later, the villainous Silas Young is shown beating a dog and giving it to other men for even more nefarious deeds. This is not a particularly subtle way of revealing the dude's evil nature. Soon, after Lynch beats up the dog, Ben and Elsie are seen kissing a dove together. It's a way of relating their love to peace between the North and South, as doves typically symbolize peace.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_916c72b3
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_916c72b3
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_916c72b3
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_970c790a
type
Big Bad
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_970c790a
comment
Big Bad: Silas Lynch, who seeks to manipulate Austin Stoneman and use the black troops in the South to form a "Black Empire".
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_970c790a
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_970c790a
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_970c790a
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_978379ad
type
Token Enemy Minority
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_978379ad
comment
Token Enemy Minority: The Cameron's servants are portrayed in a positive light, despite being black.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_978379ad
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_978379ad
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_978379ad
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_99298c71
type
Better to Die than Be Killed
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_99298c71
comment
Better to Die than Be Killed: Flora Cameron jumps off a cliff rather than be raped by a freed slave.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_99298c71
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_99298c71
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_99298c71
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_9b7a0921
type
Split Screen
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_9b7a0921
comment
Split Screen: One of the first (but not the first) uses of this trope. A diagonal split shows two scenes from Sherman's March to the Sea in 1864; the lower left portion shows Union soldiers torching a single farmhouse, while the upper right shows Atlanta burning. Used again in the very last shot, as Ben and Elsie look off over the edge of the cliff, while the other half of the screen is a shot of the symbolic New Jerusalem of peace and brotherhood. (For white people anyway.)
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_9b7a0921
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_9b7a0921
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_9b7a0921
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_9bfb2f41
type
Dead Guy on Display
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_9bfb2f41
comment
Dead Guy on Display: After the Klan murders Gus, they dump his body on the front steps of Silas Lynch's house.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_9bfb2f41
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_9bfb2f41
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_9bfb2f41
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_a3cdf764
type
Drinking on Duty
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_a3cdf764
comment
Drinking on Duty: Some black politicians are seen boozing it up while attending a session of the State Legislature.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_a3cdf764
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_a3cdf764
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_a3cdf764
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_a58802b7
type
Happiness in Slavery
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_a58802b7
comment
Happiness in Slavery: The real reason why Griffith kept insisting his film wasn't racist was that he had "positive" black characters: those who stayed with their former owners during Reconstruction. These were mostly house servants and nursemaids, who really did have comfortable lives; but the vast majority of black slaves were field hands, who barely even saw their masters and who lived like, well, slaves. There are also various free blacks who say that they don't want the right to vote, and who argue against freedmen who join the Union Army or work for the Freedmen's Bureau. There were probably some of these historically, but not exactly a large number. In an early scene where the Stonemans get a tour of the slave quarters, the slaves sing and dance for them.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_a58802b7
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_a58802b7
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_a58802b7
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_a8559a9f
type
RealLife
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_a8559a9f
comment
Austin Stoneman is a stand-in for Thaddeus Stevens, the leader of the Radical Republicans. And "Lydia Brown" is a stand-in for Stevens' Real Life biracial common-law wife, Lydia Hamilton Smith.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_a8559a9f
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_a8559a9f
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_a8559a9f
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_a8dcb1d7
type
Love at First Sight
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_a8dcb1d7
comment
Love at First Sight: For both of our couples.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_a8dcb1d7
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_a8dcb1d7
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_a8dcb1d7
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_b42b7e7b
type
Moral Myopia
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_b42b7e7b
comment
Moral Myopia: Austin Stoneman has no problem with interracial marriage... until Silas says he wants to marry his daughter.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_b42b7e7b
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_b42b7e7b
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_b42b7e7b
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_b894042e
type
False Dichotomy
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_b894042e
comment
False Dichotomy: Meta example; the movie promotes the idea that people who oppose white supremacy are in fact black supremacists, and therefore any white man who treats African-Americans like actual people is a race traitor. The idea that a person, white or black, can desire actual racial equality is something that neither Thomas Dixon nor D. W. Griffith seemed to have ever considered, and it is a sign that that both the movie and the book it was based on is propaganda, plain and simple.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_b894042e
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_b894042e
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_b894042e
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_b8dbe475
type
Blood from the Mouth
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_b8dbe475
comment
Blood from the Mouth: Seen from the mouth of a dying Flora after she flings herself off the cliff.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_b8dbe475
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_b8dbe475
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_b8dbe475
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_b9af5ef3
type
The Film of the Book
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_b9af5ef3
comment
The Film of the Book: The Clansman by Thomas Dixon.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_b9af5ef3
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_b9af5ef3
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_b9af5ef3
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_ba0d9b95
type
Doves Mean Peace
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_ba0d9b95
comment
Doves Mean Peace: Ironic, considering the film's promotion of violent racist values, but Ben and Else kissing a dove together is used to both symbolise their love for each other and peace between the Northern and Southern states of America.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_ba0d9b95
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_ba0d9b95
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_ba0d9b95
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_c0afd51a
type
Evil Cripple
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_c0afd51a
comment
Evil Cripple: Austin Stoneman, who hobbles around on a cane.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_c0afd51a
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_c0afd51a
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_c0afd51a
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_c3665600
type
Mammy
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_c3665600
comment
Mammy: The Camerons' cook is actually called "Mammy", and she fits the trope exactly, being overweight, and sassy but loyal to her masters. By her very weight she manages to pin down two soldiers long enough to free Dr. Cameron.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_c3665600
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_c3665600
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_c3665600
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_c59d9a4b
type
Half-Breed Discrimination
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_c59d9a4b
comment
Half-Breed Discrimination: One of the themes is that mixing of the races is bad and that the offspring of those marriages are evil. The two worst villains in the film, Lydia Smith and Silas Lynch, are "mulattoes".
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_c59d9a4b
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_c59d9a4b
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
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The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_c59d9a4b
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_c960dde7
type
Melodrama
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_c960dde7
comment
Melodrama: Especially in the second half.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_c960dde7
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_c960dde7
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_c960dde7
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_ca81eae7
type
Hollywood Darkness
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_ca81eae7
comment
Hollywood Darkness: Via use of tints (standard for silent films before color). The night fighting during the Petersburg sequence is tinted.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_ca81eae7
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_ca81eae7
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_ca81eae7
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_ce2969d8
type
Spiritual Antithesis
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_ce2969d8
comment
Spiritual Antithesis: Thomas Dixon Jr. described The Clansman, the novel this film was based on, as "a sequel" to Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe. Whereas that book was Stowe's denunciation of the un-Christian evil and barbarism of slavery, The Clansman was Dixon railing against the disaster that he saw in the end of slavery, with the Ku Klux Klan presented as heroes doing their best to restore what they could of the old order. Gus has often been described as a Corrupted Character Copy of Uncle Tom; whereas Uncle Tom is a paragon of Christian morality who dies a martyr by refusing to give away the whereabouts of two slaves he helped escape, Gus is a violent rapist who gets what he has coming through a Vigilante Execution courtesy of the Klan.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_ce2969d8
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_ce2969d8
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_ce2969d8
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_cf16cfa9
type
Golden Mean Fallacy
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_cf16cfa9
comment
Golden Mean Fallacy: This movie tries so desperately to be neutral that it becomes monstrous. Siding neither with slavery nor with the "extremists" who want actual race equality, it supports the "neutral middle ground" of Jim Crow laws. The filmmakers seem to have thought that making Lincoln a sympathetic character and including an ass-kicking black heroine weighs up making the Ku Klux Klan heroes of the story.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_cf16cfa9
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_cf16cfa9
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_cf16cfa9
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_d129e13e
type
"Eureka!" Moment
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_d129e13e
comment
"Eureka!" Moment: The most racist Eureka Moment ever. Ben is lost in thought when he sees two white kids frighten a group of black kids by hiding under a sheet and pretending to be ghosts. From this Ben gets the inspiration for the white hoods and robes of the KKK.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_d129e13e
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_d129e13e
featureConfidence
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_d129e13e
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_d1fc4a16
type
Please Spare Him, My Liege!
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_d1fc4a16
comment
Please Spare Him, My Liege!: Mother Cameron to Abraham Lincoln, on Ben's behalf. And Lincoln, whom the movie calls "the great heart", does.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_d1fc4a16
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_d1fc4a16
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
hasFeature
The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_d1fc4a16
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_d41832cc
type
Written by the Winners
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_d41832cc
comment
Written by the Winners: Both inverted and played straight. The film is written from the Southern upper class's perspective, and they lost the war — but they won the peace, at the expense of Southern blacks (and of poor Southern whites, who don't really figure in this film).
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_d41832cc
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_d41832cc
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
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The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_d41832cc
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_d9e9ad7e
type
The Cavalry
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_d9e9ad7e
comment
The Cavalry: Every single shot of cavalry riding to the rescue in every western, ever, is merely a copy of one of the zillion shots of the Klan riding to the rescue in this film.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_d9e9ad7e
featureApplicability
1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_d9e9ad7e
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1.0
 The Birth of a Nation (1915)
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The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_d9e9ad7e
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Black Jezebel Stereotype
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comment
Black Jezebel Stereotype: Half-black Lydia Brown, the main characters' housekeeper whose screentime is spent being aroused when she sees the main villain giving orders. She eventually becomes his mistress while using her sexuality to manipulate him. She is contrasted by the Genki Girl Flora and The Ingenue Elsie. The film also has Gus as the male version of this trope, being a perverted black soldier who attempts to rape Elsie.
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Reasonable Authority Figure
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comment
Reasonable Authority Figure: Abraham Lincoln who wants a peaceful reunification, the one thing in the film that is more or less accurate. This is of course consistent with the Dunning view which managed to be pro-Lincoln and anti-Reconstruction. In actual fact, Lincoln at the time of his death voiced public support for black suffrage, which was the trigger for Booth to murder him.
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Male Gaze
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Male Gaze: A Union hospital guard takes a long look at Elsie after she passes by him to visit a convalescing Ben.
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Historical Villain Upgrade
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Historical Villain Upgrade: Thaddeus Stevens and Lydia Hamilton Smith were not mustache-twirling villains; nor was Stevens a corrupt hypocrite; nor were the Carpetbaggers and Scalawags intent on transforming the South into a mulatto empire. The worst that can be said of the Carpetbaggers is that they wanted to turn the South into Massachusetts.
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Animal Motifs
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comment
Animal Motifs: Flora Cameron is associated with squirrels. She likes to feed them, and like them, is energetic and enjoys the outdoors. This takes on a dark turn when Gus starts going after her, associating her with a prey animal.
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Ojou
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comment
Ojou: Elsie and the Cameron sisters, at least at first.
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The Klan
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The Klan: This was one of the earliest films ever, and portrayed the KKK as heroes.
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Blackface
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comment
Blackface: Unsurprisingly, there were few black actors who played the black roles in this film. The rest were filled in by white actors wearing glaringly obvious makeup. (Even in its racist heyday, blackface makeup was supposed to create a clownish caricature that no one would believe was a real black person; Griffith must not have thought much of his audience's powers of perception.) In-Universe, "white spies disguised" infiltrate the mob of black soldiers rampaging through the town at the end.
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Epic Movie
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Epic Movie: One of the first epic movies ever, a three-hour epic of sweeping scope and ambition, in an age when most films were 20 minute or less. Not the first epic, as Cabiria, a film that had obvious influence on Griffith, came out the year before.
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type
The Vamp
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comment
The Vamp: Lydia Brown, who uses her sexuality to manipulate Austin Stoneman.
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The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_eae41a
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Bound and Gagged
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Bound and Gagged: A white woman, of course. Lynch does this to Elsie while he's trying to force her to marry him.
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Big Damn Heroes
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Big Damn Heroes: The Ku Klux Klan in-universe, riding on horseback to rescue Elsie Stoneman from a forced marriage to Silas Lynch.
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 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_f1d6144a
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War Is Hell
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War Is Hell: The terrible human cost of the war is constantly emphasized, if only because it was between whites.
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Your Terrorists Are Our Freedom Fighters
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Your Terrorists Are Our Freedom Fighters: The Ku Klux Klan are promoted in the film as vigilante heroes rising to protect the South from the Northern invaders and Les Collaborateurs.
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 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_f6624c30
type
Together in Death
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_f6624c30
comment
Together in Death: Youngest sons Tod Stoneman and Duke Cameron are killed in the same battle at the same place. Tod even embraces Duke as Tod dies.
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 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_f6698528
type
Vigilante Execution
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_f6698528
comment
Vigilante Execution: Gus gets lynched by the Klan and his corpse deposited on Silas Lynch's porch as a warning. This is portrayed not as pseudo-judicial murder, but as justice being served.
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_f6698528
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 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_f85354eb
type
Attempted Rape
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_f85354eb
comment
Attempted Rape: Gus tries to rape Flora Cameron. She jumps to her death instead.
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 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_fe3122a3
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Love Before First Sight
 The Birth of a Nation (1915) / int_fe3122a3
comment
Love Before First Sight: On Ben Cameron's part for Elsie Stoneman. Like a proto-Kyle Reese, he acquires a picture of her from her brother Phil and throughout his military career, he holds on to it and looks at it on a regular basis before he finally meets her.
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The Birth of a Nation (1915)

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