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Autobiography of Red

 Autobiography of Red
type
TVTItem
 Autobiography of Red
label
Autobiography of Red
 Autobiography of Red
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AutobiographyOfRed
 Autobiography of Red
comment
A 1998 novel in verse by Anne Carson. It tells the story of Geryon, a boy who is red, has wings, has a whirlwind teenage romance (and miserable breakup) with a guy named Herakles, becomes a photographer, and travels to South America where he runs into Herakles and Herakles' new lover, Ancash. From Ancash, Geryon learns why he is red and has wings. (It involves him being a Chosen One. Kind of.)Geryon and Herakles are, of course, originally from Classical Mythology, where Geryon is the giant, monstrous keeper of a herd of red cattle. Herakles steals the cattle — killing Geryon in the process — as one of his labors. Carson brings up that version of the story in some prefatory matter concerning the poet Stesichoros, who wrote the first sympathetic portrayal of Geryon in the sixth century BCE. This section of the book also discusses a separate story about Stesichoros: he is supposed to have been struck blind by Helen for insulting her in a poem, then had his sight restored after writing a palinode.Autobiography of Red was followed in 2013 by a Denser and Wackier (but also somewhat darker) sequel, Red Doc>.
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 Autobiography of Red / int_10e5b4f4
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Visible Silence
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comment
Visible Silence: Very late in the book, Geryon tries to strike up a conversation with Ancash, who's mad at him for sleeping with Herakles. Ancash's non-responses are represented by rows of twelve dots.
 Autobiography of Red / int_10e5b4f4
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 Autobiography of Red / int_14e19333
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Backstory Horror
 Autobiography of Red / int_14e19333
comment
Backstory Horror: Early in the book, we hear about Geryon being sexually abused as a young child. The narrative never mentions it again, and the overall tone of the book is gentler than one might expect after a revelation like that.
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Freakiness Shame
 Autobiography of Red / int_1589afa2
comment
Freakiness Shame: Geryon is embarrassed by his wings and often hides them under a trenchcoat. Much later, Ancash's admiration of them sets off the final subplot of Geryon's descent into the volcano.
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The Ghost
 Autobiography of Red / int_1ba17583
comment
Played straight early on, when Geryon's mother calls her friend, Maria.
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 Autobiography of Red / int_1e1afc1b
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Framing Device
 Autobiography of Red / int_1e1afc1b
comment
Framing Device: The Stesichoros matter isn't quite a frame story, but it serves a similar function of providing context and perspective to the main narrative.
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 Autobiography of Red / int_20d6f4ea
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Photo Montage
 Autobiography of Red / int_20d6f4ea
comment
Photo Montage: Evoked non-visually late in the book, in a series of seven chapters/poems all formed on the same pattern: a title including the word "Photographs," a one-line description of the picture, and a narration of the circumstances in which it was taken. Subverted in the seventh of the series, "Photographs: #1748," in which the description is, "It is a photograph he never took, no one here took it." Since this is the chapter in which Geryon flies into the volcano, and he apparently does take a photograph, the negating description recalls the Stesichorean palinode.
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Appease the Volcano God
 Autobiography of Red / int_21f5491
comment
Appease the Volcano God: Subverted. According to Ancash, the villagers of Jucu used to throw people into the nearby volcano — not as sacrifices, but because occasionally someone would return from the experience with "all their weaknesses burned away."
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Winged Humanoid
 Autobiography of Red / int_2588feac
comment
Winged Humanoid: Geryon. His wings are apparently small enough to hide easily, but big enough to fly with.
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 Autobiography of Red / int_26ac510e
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Mythology Gag
 Autobiography of Red / int_26ac510e
comment
Mythology Gag: More literally mytholgical than most. The version of his autobiography that Geryon writes in elementary school is basically a rewrite of the version of the Geryoneis found in the front matter, complete with red cattle, red dog, and a murderous Herakles. (That last bit is all the more interesting because this continuity's version of Herakles hasn't even shown up yet.)
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Disappeared Dad
 Autobiography of Red / int_28cd01ca
comment
Disappeared Dad: Herakles and Ancash both suffer from this. Geryon's dad is present, but doesn't play any part in the story.
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 Autobiography of Red / int_294ed981
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Bilingual Bonus
 Autobiography of Red / int_294ed981
comment
Bilingual Bonus: The snippets of Gratuitous German on Geryon's postcards seem to be tailored to the recipients. In particular, Zum verlorenen Hören ("For lost hearing") seems a peculiarly poignant thing to write to one's former professor. Icchantikas sounds like Mayincatec gibberish, but actually comes from a Sanskrit term used in Mahayana Buddhism to refer to someone who is incapable of achieving enlightenment.
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Mayincatec
 Autobiography of Red / int_2af0378f
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Icchantikas sounds like Mayincatec gibberish, but actually comes from a Sanskrit term used in Mahayana Buddhism to refer to someone who is incapable of achieving enlightenment.
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Chain of Corrections
 Autobiography of Red / int_323e47e2
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Chain of Corrections: Herakles and Geryon go through a brief one of these:
 Autobiography of Red / int_323e47e2
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 Autobiography of Red / int_34a9299c
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It Was with You All Along
 Autobiography of Red / int_34a9299c
comment
It Was with You All Along: Implied. Ancash says that the Yazcamac return as red Winged Humanoids. Geryon was a red Winged Humanoid to begin with; in a way, he can already be identified as a Yazcamac. He decides to fly into the volcano anyway. He doesn't seem dramatically different afterward.
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Unnamed Parent
 Autobiography of Red / int_34e1ef45
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Unnamed Parent: Geryon's and Ancash's mothers, and Herakles' grandmother, are all left nameless despite appearing in several scenes apiece.
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Gratuitous German
 Autobiography of Red / int_35fb9016
comment
Gratuitous German: The "bits of Heidegger" Geryon scribbles on his postcards home. For that matter, the place he's writing from is called the Café Mitwelt.
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Hell-Bent for Leather
 Autobiography of Red / int_3bbecc8b
comment
Hell-Bent for Leather: Herakles is a Bad Boy type and wears a black leather jacket.
 Autobiography of Red / int_3bbecc8b
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 Autobiography of Red / int_41d50d81
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Big Brother Bully
 Autobiography of Red / int_41d50d81
comment
Big Brother Bully: Geryon has an older brother who, when they are children, insults, undermines, and sexually abuses him.
 Autobiography of Red / int_41d50d81
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 Autobiography of Red / int_450c5a85
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Alternate Continuity
 Autobiography of Red / int_450c5a85
comment
Alternate Continuity: The book contains two mutually-exclusive stories about Geryon and Herakles, one in the front matter and one in the main body.
 Autobiography of Red / int_450c5a85
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Shirtless Scene
 Autobiography of Red / int_4583a262
comment
Shirtless Scene: Herakles has one on the rooftop in Lima. There's a striking image of him eating a papaya and letting the juice run down his chest.
 Autobiography of Red / int_4583a262
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Rambling Old Man Monologue
 Autobiography of Red / int_4e6cb27f
comment
Rambling Old Man Monologue: Herakles' grandmother has one of these. She starts off talking about the physiology of drowning, which brings up the time she met Virginia Woolf, which brings up a dog she once had (which drowned), which brings up her acquaintanceship with Sigmund Freud... (She does dial it back once Geryon asks her a specific question.)
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Rape as Backstory
 Autobiography of Red / int_524f94d3
comment
Rape as Backstory: Young Geryon is repeatedly molested by his brother early in the book.
 Autobiography of Red / int_524f94d3
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 Autobiography of Red / int_5fcb9ad1
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Time Skip
 Autobiography of Red / int_5fcb9ad1
comment
Time Skip: Eight presumably uneventful years elapse between the breakup and Geryon's trip to South America.
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 Autobiography of Red / int_620475f4
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Tastes Like Purple
 Autobiography of Red / int_620475f4
comment
Tastes Like Purple: Midway through the story, Geryon is revealed to be a synesthete by means of a flashback to a school project that he did about "the noise the colors make." This sheds retroactive light on things like the "red" smell of grass from the first poem.
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 Autobiography of Red / int_62df7833
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Multiple Narrative Modes
 Autobiography of Red / int_62df7833
comment
Multiple Narrative Modes: The main story is all in novelistic (though versified) third person limited, but the front and back matter use several other modes, including a nonfiction-style prose introduction to Stesichoros, fragmentary poems in Stesichoros' voice, and a section made up of extracts from other ancient authors.
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 Autobiography of Red / int_6bf29c6e
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Good Wings, Evil Wings
 Autobiography of Red / int_6bf29c6e
comment
Good Wings, Evil Wings: Averted in canon, as the form of Geryon's wings is never directly addressed.note The closest we get is a passage that describes them as both "fingerwork," suggesting bat wings, and "lace," suggesting feathers. Fan Art tends to interpret them as birdlike.
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 Autobiography of Red / int_6cdb15b4
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With a Friend and a Stranger
 Autobiography of Red / int_6cdb15b4
comment
With a Friend and a Stranger: In the final section of the story, there is the trio of Geryon, Herakles (Geryon's Old Flame), and Ancash (stranger to Geryon, newish Love Interest to Herakles).
 Autobiography of Red / int_6cdb15b4
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 Autobiography of Red / int_6e70b12b
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Nominal Importance
 Autobiography of Red / int_6e70b12b
comment
Nominal Importance: Played with. Apart from the central trio, the only named characters are minor ones, such as Maria (Geryon's mother's friend, who never appears onscreen), or Lazer (who has only one scene — part of which is devoted to him explaining his name). More important characters such as Geryon's mother and brother go unnamed.
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Coming-Out Story
 Autobiography of Red / int_6f19054d
comment
Coming-Out Story: Unexpectedly for a Queer Romance involving adolescents, this is averted. Geryon's mother instantly intuits the nature of his relationship with Herakles, and accepts it without batting an eye.
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 Autobiography of Red / int_703b3699
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Came Back Strong
 Autobiography of Red / int_703b3699
comment
Came Back Strong: A variant (involving unlikely survival rather than a full-blown Back from the Dead situation) is predicted to be what will happen to Geryon after his descent into the volcano. What it actually does to him ends up being somewhat vague.
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Arc Words
 Autobiography of Red / int_7464705c
comment
Arc Words: During the Argentinian interlude, Geryon repeatedly asks: "What is time made of?"
 Autobiography of Red / int_7464705c
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Orphaned Punchline
 Autobiography of Red / int_74e2ef76
comment
Orphaned Punchline: The joke told in Spanish by the philosophers, which Geryon fails to get. All the reader is told is that it involves monks and soup and that the punchline includes the phrase "bad milk."
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Climactic Volcano Backdrop
 Autobiography of Red / int_7dc91b4e
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Climactic Volcano Backdrop: Subverted. Geryon apparently does fly into a volcano and emerge unscathed, but it's an Offscreen Moment of Awesome.
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Film the Hand
 Autobiography of Red / int_8476f757
comment
Film the Hand: A variant, in some ways closer to Camera Obscurer. One of the pictures in the Photo Montage sequence towards the end is "a close-up photograph of Geryon's left pant leg just below the knee." The backstory is that Geryon was about to photograph some soldiers (which would presumably not have been a good idea) and Ancash's mother pushed the camera down at the last second.
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Where the Hell Is Springfield?
 Autobiography of Red / int_8504b817
comment
Where the Hell Is Springfield?: Total known facts about Geryon's hometown: It is on an island, which Geryon once describes as "an island in the Atlantic called the Red Place."note But we don't know how literal he is being, since the same passage is full of references to things that don't actually happen in this continuity. It's near a beach where American money and "a piece of an old war helmet" are not unusual things to find. On the other end of the island — seven hours away by bus — are a town called Hades and an active volcano. Geryon has a North American accent but denies being from the U.S.
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Fire Is Red
 Autobiography of Red / int_85df362c
comment
Fire Is Red: Geryon, who is red, frequently thinks and feels using fire imagery.
 Autobiography of Red / int_85df362c
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Perspective Flip
 Autobiography of Red / int_8a9eb844
comment
Perspective Flip: This story builds on the sympathetic portrait of Geryon that originated with Stesichoros, and takes it a step further by making the situation Lighter and Softer so that Geryon and Herakles can both be sympathetic at the same time.
 Autobiography of Red / int_8a9eb844
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Eye Motifs
 Autobiography of Red / int_99208bf0
comment
Eye Motifs: There are frequent references to eyes, especially Geryon's eyes, as a sort of conduit to the outer world. This echoes the Framing Device, which discusses Stesichoros being blinded and then having his sight restored.
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The Chanteuse
 Autobiography of Red / int_9d137658
comment
The Chanteuse: The singer in the tango bar. A somewhat less glamorous version, if only because Geryon isn't a fan of the music.
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Camera Fiend
 Autobiography of Red / int_9e1b9a0e
comment
Camera Fiend: Geryon, especially late in the book, spends quite a bit of time either taking photographs, planning to take photographs, or thinking up titles for the photographs he is taking or planning to take.
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Amazing Technicolor Population
 Autobiography of Red / int_9e83f027
comment
Amazing Technicolor Population: Geryon is red.
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First Love
 Autobiography of Red / int_a00fb5fd
comment
First Love: Herakles seems to be this to Geryon, which leads to Geryon taking their breakup much harder than Herakles probably anticipated.
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Gotta Have It, Gonna Steal It
 Autobiography of Red / int_a5603c88
comment
Gotta Have It, Gonna Steal It: Herakles takes a shine to the wooden tiger figure on a merry-go-round and convinces the other two to help him steal it.
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Only Known by Their Nickname
 Autobiography of Red / int_a7850fbf
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The yellowbeard and Lazer (who wears a yellow scarf) are people Geryon socializes with for a day, with no follow-up or ongoing acquaintance.
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Gray Rain of Depression
 Autobiography of Red / int_a8982539
comment
Gray Rain of Depression: A rainstorm occurs halfway through the book, while Geryon is still reeling from Herakles breaking up with him. In a variant of this trope, it isn't so much an Empathic Environment as it is Irony: the storm is portrayed as dynamic and forceful, in contrast to Geryon's inertia.
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Love at First Sight
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comment
Love at First Sight: Geryon and Herakles.
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Birthmark of Destiny
 Autobiography of Red / int_a9c40434
comment
Birthmark of Destiny: Geryon's unusual appearance turns out to be a sign that he is a Yazcamac.
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Weirdness Censor
 Autobiography of Red / int_abdf7d09
comment
Weirdness Censor: Geryon may feel like a monster, but we don't see a lot of people treating him as one: he seems to draw surprisingly little attention for someone who is completely red and has wings. It's possible that these traits are, at least initially, Invisible to Normals; whether this changes after he emerges from the volcano is not clear.
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Magical Minority Person
 Autobiography of Red / int_b0cbf981
comment
Magical Minority Person: Ancash has shades of this, being a quechuaphone Peruvian who serves up traditional wisdom for the benefit of the anglophone North American protagonist.
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Viewer Gender Confusion
 Autobiography of Red / int_b1a2190e
comment
Viewer Gender Confusion: An odd in-universe case. When Geryon gets a job at a library, he pays so little attention to his co-workers that when he gets home he can't remember whether they are men or women. His mother guesses they are mostly men, based on his photographs of their shoes.
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Coming of Age Story
 Autobiography of Red / int_b1e8a3b3
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Coming of Age Story: The story follows Geryon from childhood into his early twenties, dealing especially with his First Love and first breakup, and with his development as an artist.
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no punctuation is funnier
 Autobiography of Red / int_b2829069
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no punctuation is funnier sometimes more evocative too
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Epigraph
 Autobiography of Red / int_b53c57d5
comment
One of her poems, #1748, is used as an epigraph.
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Love Triangle
 Autobiography of Red / int_b7e0c5ff
comment
Love Triangle: Geryon, Herakles, and Ancash. At first, Herakles and Ancash seem to be mutually involved and Geryon is one-sidedly attracted to Herakles. Later, Geryon briefly becomes reinvolved with Herakles, which sends Ancash into a fit of jealousy.
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Aerith and Bob
 Autobiography of Red / int_b9d334b2
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Aerith and Bob: Geryon, Herakles, Ancash, Lazer . . . Maria . . . Marguerite . . .
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Queer Romance
 Autobiography of Red / int_bd50e676
comment
Queer Romance: The troubled romance between Geryon and Herakles is a big part of the plot.
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The Magazine Rule
 Autobiography of Red / int_bee9473c
comment
The Magazine Rule: Lampshaded when Geryon looks over the magazines at a newsstand:
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Offscreen Moment of Awesome
 Autobiography of Red / int_c5b47b36
comment
Offscreen Moment of Awesome: Geryon flying into the volcano at the end of the story.
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Shout-Out
 Autobiography of Red / int_c75df49a
comment
Shout-Out: There are repeated references to Emily Dickinson. One of her poems, #1748, is used as an epigraph. Herakles and Ancash are working on a documentary about her. Geryon gets a line from one of her letters stuck in his head. The title of the penultimate poem, "Photographs: #1748," echoes the epigraph.
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Chekhov's Volcano
 Autobiography of Red / int_ca326e1e
comment
Chekhov's Volcano: Subverted with the volcano on Hades, which doesn't erupt within the timeframe of the story. Played more-or-less straight with Icchantikas: it doesn't actually erupt, but it's a lot more active than Ancash originally implied, and it becomes directly plot-relevant at the end.
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Dude Looks Like a Lady
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Dude Looks Like a Lady: Geryon and Ancash are momentarily fascinated by two people in furs and high heels, who they suddenly realize are men.
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No Name Given
 Autobiography of Red / int_ca87e3ec
comment
No Name Given: Several characters, but special note goes to "the yellowbeard," who is never called anything else even though the narrative seems, briefly, to be teasing him as a Love Interest for Geryon.
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Spooky Photographs
 Autobiography of Red / int_d0692227
comment
Spooky Photographs: A (probably) non-literal version: Geryon takes a picture of Herakles which appears to him as "the face / of an old man . . . a photograph of the future."
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ChosenOne
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Chosen One: Geryon, as a Yazcamac, is assumed to be fated to become an immortal wise man.
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Ear Worm
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Geryon gets a line from one of her letters stuck in his head.
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Argentina Is Nazi-Land
 Autobiography of Red / int_dc3e1299
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Argentina Is Nazi-Land: Subverted. There are many Germans in Buenos Aires — but they are all soccer players (or psychoanalysts, or cigarette girls).
 Autobiography of Red / int_dc3e1299
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Newhart Phonecall
 Autobiography of Red / int_e20e7076
comment
Newhart Phone Call: A couple of examples, colored by the fact that the entire story is told from Geryon's point of view. Played straight early on, when Geryon's mother calls her friend, Maria. Zig-zagged later. Geryon gets a call from Herakles, and both sides of the conversation are provided. But in the next chapter Geryon calls his mother and we only hear his side.
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Old Flame
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Old Flame: Herakles and Geryon become involved again after running into each other in South America.
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Lady Looks Like a Dude
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Lady Looks Like a Dude: In Argentina, Geryon briefly mistakes a tuxedo-clad female tango singer for a man.
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Never Trust a Title
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Never Trust a Title: The words Autobiography and Red are both a bit off-center. The book is not presented as an autobiography (although Geryon does attempt to produce one in-story). And, while Geryon is red, it isn't his name and nobody calls him by it.
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Autobiography of Red

The following is a list of statements referring to the current page from other pages.

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Alternate Continuity / int_476eb43
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Appease the Volcano God / int_476eb43
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Based on a Great Big Lie / int_476eb43
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Big Brother Bully / int_476eb43
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Color Motif / int_476eb43
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Coming-Out Story / int_476eb43
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Denser and Wackier / int_476eb43
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Freakiness Shame / int_476eb43
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Gotta Have It, Gonna Steal It / int_476eb43
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It Was with You All Along / int_476eb43
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The Chanteuse / int_476eb43
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