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Beowulf

 Beowulf
type
TVTItem
 Beowulf
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Beowulf
 Beowulf
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Beowulf
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Beowulf is the oldest surviving work of fiction in the English language — so old, in fact, that the language it's written in is barely recognizable as English (no, really, listen to it). It recounts two stories from the life of its eponymous Geatish hero: how, as a young man, he visited Denmark and slew the monster Grendel, then faced the wrath of Grendel's even more monstrous mother; and how, toward the end of his life back in Geatland, he was the only man who dared fight a rampaging dragon.Oh, and did we mention that it's a poem?Beowulf is probably the most famous of all Old English literature, and is a staple of university English programs. It is usually read in translation, as it is not only written in a very old form of English, it makes heavy use of a poetic register that is quite different from prose. No one knows precisely when it was written, much less where the story originated. There are a few linguistic hints, like in the very first line the alliteration of "gear" (modern English "year") with g which would change to y in later Old English. Certain lines of the text involve a clearly Christian narrator commenting on the pre-Christian Paganism of the characters, therefore the text is believed to have been the work of a monk recalling a much older story. The only known manuscript contains two distinct styles of writing, indicating more than one scribe was involved in the transcription. This manuscript was also damaged in a fire in 1731, so certain lines of text are obliterated and their contents purely left to conjecture.In 1936, a lecture by J. R. R. Tolkien, "Beowulf: the Monsters and the Critics" had a lasting influence on Beowulf research. Lewis E. Nicholson said that the article Tolkien wrote about Beowulf is "widely recognized as a turning point in Beowulfian criticism", noting that Tolkien established the primacy of the poetic nature of the work as opposed to the purely linguistic elements. At the time, the consensus of scholarship considered Beowulf childish because they considered battles with monsters rather than realistic tribal warfare to be not worthy of study; needless to say the creator of Middle-earth was having none of that. Tolkien argued that the author of Beowulf was addressing human destiny in general, not as limited by particular tribal politics, and therefore the monsters were essential to the poem. Where Beowulf does deal with specific tribal struggles, as at Finnsburg, Tolkien argued firmly against reading in fantastic elements. In the essay, Tolkien also revealed how highly he regarded Beowulf: "Beowulf is among my most valued sources," and this influence can be seen in The Lord of the Rings.note Two examples of the influence of Beowulf on The Lord of the Rings: the word þeoden, pronounced "theoden", is used several times. And line 2345 appears to have given Tolkien his title: Oferhogaode ða hringa fengel, is usually translated as "Yet the prince of the rings was too proud".The story has been adapted many times. Some of the adaptations have been quite offbeat: they include John Gardner's novel Grendel, from the point of view of the monster; Michael Crichton's novel Eaters of the Dead, which purported to tell the historical events that inspired the Grendel plot; and the 1999 sci-fi film starring Christopher Lambert. The 1998 animated short film featuring the voices of Derek Jacobi and Joseph Fiennes seems to be one of the most faithful if simplified adaptions. The 2005 film Beowulf & Grendel was comparatively faithful, yet still somewhat revisionist. The YouTube video, Beowulf, The Storybook Version, is relatively faithful, but very silly. DC Comics adapted the tale in the 1970s/1980s. A more recent offbeat version was a stage play "Brother Wolf" which transposed the story to the early 20th Century appalachian mountains. Beowulf is the itinerant preacher Brother Wolf, and Grendel is a demon haunting a small mountain town.Other adaptions that are very loosely based on the story of Beowulf include The 13th Warrior, No Such Thing and Outlander.Most (but not all) of the Beowulf references on this wiki are to the 2007 film Beowulf, written by Roger Avary and Neil Gaiman, directed by Robert Zemeckis, and starring Ray Winstone. The screenplay for this has similarly unusual diversions from the original story, to say the least, such as overhauling Grendel's mother into a sexy succubus-type creature who births horrible monsters when she seduces mortal men, with the dragon being her child by Beowulf and Grendel her child by Hrothgar. It seems Beowulf has a knack for inspiring artists to put their own spin on the material.
 Beowulf
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2023-11-24T10:46:00Z
 Beowulf
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2023-11-24T10:46:01Z
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Dropped link to LockAndLoadMontage: Not a Feature - ITEM
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DBTropes
 Beowulf / int_1440584e
type
Heroic RRoD
 Beowulf / int_1440584e
comment
Heroic RRoD: Beowulf exerts himself far too much in his fight with the dragon, by which time he's an old man and can't handle it anymore. This leads to his death.
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I Will Tear Your Arms Off
 Beowulf / int_173480ed
comment
I Will Tear Your Arms Off: Beowulf during his fight with Grendel.
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 Beowulf / int_192ba729
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Older Is Better
 Beowulf / int_192ba729
comment
Older Is Better: Many of the weapons, helmets, armours, standards and cups mentioned are prized heirlooms and passed around and down generations for a long time. It is suggested they were forged by Giants.
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 Beowulf / int_1a303edf
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Our Orcs Are Different
 Beowulf / int_1a303edf
comment
Our Orcs Are Different: Among the evil descendents of Cain are the "orcneas" (alongside ylfe and two creature types vaguely analogous to giants), which are etymologically ancestral to Tolkien's orcs but whose actual nature/context is debated, interpreted as anything from living corpses to demons.
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 Beowulf / int_1b8c7503
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The Exile
 Beowulf / int_1b8c7503
comment
The Exile: Beowulf's father Ecgtheow once lived at Hrothgar's court as an exile. This is why Hrothgar regards Beowulf as an old friend, and one of Beowulf's motives for assisting him.
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 Beowulf / int_1bc2e445
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End of an Age
 Beowulf / int_1bc2e445
comment
End of an Age: After Beowulf's death, the remaining Geatish warriors and courtiers stand there, looking at the funeral pyre, knowing their enemies are massing at their borders and their best warrior has died (arguably in an unnecessary, unwinnable fight).
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 Beowulf / int_1df37537
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Mutual Kill
 Beowulf / int_1df37537
comment
Mutual Kill: The dragon and Beowulf, who die killing each other.
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 Beowulf / int_1edfa2c7
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Royals Who Actually Do Something
 Beowulf / int_1edfa2c7
comment
Royals Who Actually Do Something: Of course, kings in that era became kings by proving themselves in combat. Hrothgar is capable, but can't do anything, because... he's not a hero. (No, seriously.) Of course, there is also Beowulf himself, once the rest of the king's line is dead in inter-tribal feuding and he takes the throne himself.
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 Beowulf / int_21bf4878
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Decapitation Presentation
 Beowulf / int_21bf4878
comment
Decapitation Presentation: After defeating Grendel's mother in her lair, Beowulf decapitates Grendel's corpse and carries the head back to Heorot.
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 Beowulf / int_225d8ff9
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Ambiguously Human
 Beowulf / int_225d8ff9
comment
Ambiguously Human: As the poem barely describes Grendel and doesn't describe his mother at all, we don't know what kind of beings they were. Grendel's mother has been traditionally considered a female monster, but modern authors believe she might have been meant to be a woman warrior (the text names her as ides, aglaecwif, in which we know ides means "lady" and wif means "woman" or "female"; academia liked to translate aglaec as "monster", but given that the text also uses it to describe Bewoulf and Grendel when locked in combat, it probably means "fighter"note to be fair we sometimes use the word "monster" in that sense too, e.g. "Grendel's mother was a monster, but so was Beowulf"; so, Grendel's mother would be simply a "lady, fighter woman"). Indeed, although Grendel is unambiguously monstrous, it was not rare in ancient Norse Mythology that human-looking characters gave birth to inhuman monsters, like Loki and his offspring.
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 Beowulf / int_2277e005
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Reluctant Monster
 Beowulf / int_2277e005
comment
Reluctant Monster: All the dragon wants to do is lie sleeping on its hoard. Then a runaway slave steals one of its gold chalices, and the dragon is pissed.
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Beowulf / int_2277e005
 Beowulf / int_2542e49a
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Ten Movie Plots
 Beowulf / int_2542e49a
comment
Ten Movie Plots: Monster in the House, depending on whose perspective you take. Beowulf the Geat (one of the baddest of the heroes) comes over to fight the monster Grendel that has been ravaging the Danes' house for 12 years, i.e. he comes over and they've got a monster in their house.
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 Beowulf / int_2e8875f0
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Misplaced Retribution
 Beowulf / int_2e8875f0
comment
Misplaced Retribution: Unlike with a certain other dragon based on this one, there is no evidence that the goblet stolen by the thief was anything other than the dragon's rightful property. So by modern standards, the dragon actually has the moral high ground... right up until it takes revenge on the innocent countryside.
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Beowulf / int_2e8875f0
 Beowulf / int_2fa6b075
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God Save Us from the Queen!
 Beowulf / int_2fa6b075
comment
God Save Us from the Queen!: Modthryth, who had any man who looked her in the eye tortured to death. She became better after marrying her husband Offa.
 Beowulf / int_2fa6b075
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Beowulf / int_2fa6b075
 Beowulf / int_2ff4c09b
type
Special Person, Normal Name
 Beowulf / int_2ff4c09b
comment
Special Person, Normal Name: Danish king Hrothgar, his son Hrethric, and nephew Hrothulf have names which, when rendered in modern English, become Roger, Roderick, and Ralph, respectively.
 Beowulf / int_2ff4c09b
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 Beowulf / int_323f135b
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Sorting Algorithm of Evil
 Beowulf / int_323f135b
comment
Sorting Algorithm of Evil: Each of the three monsters (Grendel, Grendel's Mother, and the dragon) is more formidable than the one before it.
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 Beowulf / int_325a15f1
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Rags to Royalty
 Beowulf / int_325a15f1
comment
Rags to Royalty: As the queen's name mean "foreign slave", it's implied she was a free woman overseas before being captured and married to the king.
 Beowulf / int_325a15f1
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Beowulf / int_325a15f1
 Beowulf / int_3441859b
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Rank Scales with Asskicking
 Beowulf / int_3441859b
comment
Rank Scales with Asskicking: None of Beowulf's companions are slouches in a fight, though Grendel does take a couple of them down. Beowulf himself, however, is on a whole other level.
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Beowulf / int_3441859b
 Beowulf / int_382a6399
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The Hero Dies
 Beowulf / int_382a6399
comment
The Hero Dies: Beowulf is mortally wounded fighting the dragon.
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 Beowulf / int_38d17b6c
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Boss-Arena Idiocy
 Beowulf / int_38d17b6c
comment
Boss-Arena Idiocy: Grendel's mother can't be harmed by any human-forged weapon, but she has a giant-forged sword decorating her lair which Beowulf steals and uses to decapitate her.
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 Beowulf / int_3b63ecb6
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Youth Is Wasted on the Dumb
 Beowulf / int_3b63ecb6
comment
Youth Is Wasted on the Dumb: A key part of Beowulf's Character Development is discovering how rash he was as a younger man and how he makes a much better king now that he's older. When he goes out to fight the dragon, it is to save his people from "the sky-plague" as much as it is to have one last glorious adventure.
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Beowulf / int_3b63ecb6
 Beowulf / int_3f70415
type
Because Destiny Says So
 Beowulf / int_3f70415
comment
Because Destiny Says So: The most important word in the poem is wyrd, which means fate. Beowulf relies less on his Super-Strength and more on the favour of fate before his battle with Grendel.
 Beowulf / int_3f70415
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Beowulf / int_3f70415
 Beowulf / int_3fca462c
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Deus ex Machina
 Beowulf / int_3fca462c
comment
Deus ex Machina: The Giant's sword that kills Grendel's mother was only mentioned moments before Beowulf takes it and kills her with it. She couldn't be harmed by weapons made by man, but she conveniently kept a sword crafted by Giants (which would be able to harm her) above the door.
 Beowulf / int_3fca462c
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Beowulf / int_3fca462c
 Beowulf / int_44bd31e2
type
Trope Codifier
 Beowulf / int_44bd31e2
comment
Trope Codifier: Both for the English language itself, and for the heroic fantasy literature that centuries later drew inspiration from it.
 Beowulf / int_44bd31e2
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Beowulf / int_44bd31e2
 Beowulf / int_4a8c4e5f
type
Big "WHAT?!"
 Beowulf / int_4a8c4e5f
comment
Big "WHAT?!": The first word in the poem, and an interesting example of how meanings of words can shift. The opening "Hwæt" literally translates into modern English as "What". At this time in English the word "what" was generally used in an exclamatory sense, as an attention grabber, and in this case is usually understood as a shouted exclamation. When Beowulf is translated into modern English the first word is usually rendered as "Lo!" or "Hark!" or "Listen!" (Seamus Heaney opens his popular translation with a more restrained "So". Maria Dahvana Headley begins her 2020 translation with "Bro!") This use of "what" is commonly regarded as obsolete but still pops up on occasion.
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Beowulf / int_4a8c4e5f
 Beowulf / int_4c7e2c2d
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Heroic Fantasy
 Beowulf / int_4c7e2c2d
comment
Heroic Fantasy: Ur-Example in English literature.
 Beowulf / int_4c7e2c2d
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Beowulf / int_4c7e2c2d
 Beowulf / int_4da6ac
type
Rated M for Manly
 Beowulf / int_4da6ac
comment
Rated M for Manly: Beowulf is basically the epic-hero-monster-killer archetype. Beowulf tells a story early on in which he kills nine sea monsters with only his sword while underwater. Again on the "Beowulf's lungs are the size of train cars" theme, he swims to the bottom of a pool which is so deep it takes him almost a whole day to get to the bottom. His friends are apparently used to this, as they only start to get worried after many hours have passed.
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Beowulf / int_4da6ac
 Beowulf / int_4e3decd5
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A Friend in Need
 Beowulf / int_4e3decd5
comment
A Friend in Need: Wiglaf is the only one of the troop who helps Beowulf in his fight with the dragon. The two are depicted as closer than he is with the others (they're relatives).
 Beowulf / int_4e3decd5
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 Beowulf / int_4ef92d0b
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The Atoner
 Beowulf / int_4ef92d0b
comment
The Atoner: Unferth insults and belittles Beowulf while drunk the night before he fights Grendel, but, once the monster is slain, he apologizes and tries to make up for it by giving him his family magic sword to fight the monster's mother with. It proves completely useless, since she's immune to weapons made by human hands, but it's the thought that counts.
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 Beowulf / int_4fd47ee6
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Dark Age Europe
 Beowulf / int_4fd47ee6
comment
Dark Age Europe: Set in 6th century Scandinavia, making it one of very few even slightly contemporary (as in, written down within a few hundred years) surviving stories of that time. Historians think some of the monarchs mentioned in the text (except Beowulf) are probably based on real-life persons, but that's as close as most of them are willing to go.
 Beowulf / int_4fd47ee6
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Beowulf / int_4fd47ee6
 Beowulf / int_50b05d30
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Disproportionate Retribution
 Beowulf / int_50b05d30
comment
Disproportionate Retribution: Grendel killed a bunch of people because their loud celebrations annoyed him.
 Beowulf / int_50b05d30
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 Beowulf / int_516ac9a8
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Viking Funeral
 Beowulf / int_516ac9a8
comment
Viking Funeral: The funeral of King Scyld Scefing of Denmark. This is quite possibly the Trope Maker, even though Scyld's funeral boat is not set on fire.
 Beowulf / int_516ac9a8
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Beowulf / int_516ac9a8
 Beowulf / int_51beab21
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Good Old Fisticuffs
 Beowulf / int_51beab21
comment
Good Old Fisticuffs: Beowulf decides to fight Grendel unarmed, because Grendel does not use a weapon either, and Beowulf wants to beat him in a fair fight. The fight culminates in Beowulf ripping Grendel's arm off.
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 Beowulf / int_5313c266
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Bookends
 Beowulf / int_5313c266
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Book Ends: As has been noted many a time before, the story begins with a funeral and it will end with one.
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 Beowulf / int_53c9fc92
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Flashback
 Beowulf / int_53c9fc92
comment
Flashback: Used on occasion, such as when the story of how the dragon got his treasure is told or how Beowulf became king is explained.
 Beowulf / int_53c9fc92
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Beowulf / int_53c9fc92
 Beowulf / int_5aa4ec8a
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Ambiguous Syntax
 Beowulf / int_5aa4ec8a
comment
Ambiguous Syntax: It's stated that Grendel's motivation to attack Heorot is the sound of the gatherings bothering him, but the text is unclear whether it's just the noise or the fact that it includes pious religious hymns that inspire hate in the ungodly creature. Adaptations tend to go with the former, especially considering the anachronism of Christianity in Scandinavia mentioned below.
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Beowulf / int_5aa4ec8a
 Beowulf / int_5d9bdbb1
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World's Strongest Man
 Beowulf / int_5d9bdbb1
comment
World's Strongest Man: Beowulf is introduced this way, as a hero-adventurer searching for monsters to slay. And they couldn't pass up the opportunity to take on Grendel or his mother.
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Beowulf / int_5d9bdbb1
 Beowulf / int_5fcb9ad1
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Time Skip
 Beowulf / int_5fcb9ad1
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Time Skip: With amazing brevity: the narrator states in one line that Beowulf ruled as king for fifty years.
 Beowulf / int_5fcb9ad1
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 Beowulf / int_62cbb836
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Mid-Season Upgrade
 Beowulf / int_62cbb836
comment
Mid-Season Upgrade: Beowulf receives the Naegling after the Time Skip.
 Beowulf / int_62cbb836
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 Beowulf / int_6366f900
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Old Soldier
 Beowulf / int_6366f900
comment
Old Soldier: During the third and last part of the story, Beowulf has grown old and decides he wants to kill a dragon. He goes out and does so.
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Beowulf / int_6366f900
 Beowulf / int_6bda9a30
type
Meaningful Name
 Beowulf / int_6bda9a30
comment
Meaningful Name: Just about everyone, which was standard for the Anglo-Saxons. Eg. Unferth (an intitially villainous character) means something like "un-peace" or "no soul", Ecgtheow means "edge-servant" (ie. someone skilled with a sword), and so on.
 Beowulf / int_6bda9a30
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1.0
 Beowulf / int_6bda9a30
featureConfidence
1.0
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Beowulf / int_6bda9a30
 Beowulf / int_6de71c57
type
Disc-One Final Boss
 Beowulf / int_6de71c57
comment
Disc-One Final Boss: Grendel is only the first of the monsters that Beowulf fights.
 Beowulf / int_6de71c57
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_6de71c57
featureConfidence
1.0
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Beowulf / int_6de71c57
 Beowulf / int_7241785e
type
You Can't Fight Fate
 Beowulf / int_7241785e
comment
You Can't Fight Fate: Death will get you one day, and the only thing you can do in the meanwhile is be as good and great a man as you can.
 Beowulf / int_7241785e
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_7241785e
featureConfidence
1.0
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Beowulf / int_7241785e
 Beowulf / int_793e4c24
type
The Descendants of Cain
 Beowulf / int_793e4c24
comment
The Descendants of Cain: The monster Grendel and his mother are said to be descended from Cain like all unholy monsters (untydras), alongside elves (ylfe), "demon-corpses" (orcneas, influencing the later orcs of fantasy) and two different kinds of giants (eotenas and gigantas, so the first is sometimes given as trolls or ogres (or sometimes as the far more prosaic Jutes), but ogre is just the French cognate of orc).
 Beowulf / int_793e4c24
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_793e4c24
featureConfidence
1.0
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Beowulf / int_793e4c24
 Beowulf / int_7d89315b
type
"The Reason You Suck" Speech
 Beowulf / int_7d89315b
comment
"The Reason You Suck" Speech: Wiglaf gives one to the troops who fled from the dragon rather than help their king.
 Beowulf / int_7d89315b
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_7d89315b
featureConfidence
1.0
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Beowulf / int_7d89315b
 Beowulf / int_7e74d66f
type
Politically Correct History
 Beowulf / int_7e74d66f
comment
Politically Correct History: Beowulf and Hrothgar invoke God, even though 6th century Scandinavia was untouched by Christianity. The chronicler writing the story seems indecisive as to whether or not he should retroject his own Christian religious practices onto the characters or not, which ultimately depicts them as moving back and forth between Christian and pagan practices.
 Beowulf / int_7e74d66f
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_7e74d66f
featureConfidence
1.0
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Beowulf / int_7e74d66f
 Beowulf / int_7febc23b
type
Establishing Character Moment
 Beowulf / int_7febc23b
comment
Establishing Character Moment: We first learn just who Beowulf is when we learn that as a boy, he participated in a swimming contest across the sea. In armour. Which he only lost because he was too busy beating up sea monsters.
 Beowulf / int_7febc23b
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_7febc23b
featureConfidence
1.0
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Beowulf / int_7febc23b
 Beowulf / int_834420aa
type
BFS
 Beowulf / int_834420aa
comment
BFS: The sword of the giants, which Beowulf finds in the cave of Grendel's mother.
 Beowulf / int_834420aa
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_834420aa
featureConfidence
1.0
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Beowulf / int_834420aa
 Beowulf / int_8504b817
type
Where the Hell Is Springfield?
 Beowulf / int_8504b817
comment
Where the Hell Is Springfield?: There's some debate over exactly who the Geats are and where they live - the most popular explanation is that they're from modern-day Götaland in Sweden, but some academics claim that they're Gutes from Gotland or Jutes from Jutland.
 Beowulf / int_8504b817
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_8504b817
featureConfidence
1.0
 Beowulf
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Beowulf / int_8504b817
 Beowulf / int_851dda8f
type
Humanoid Abomination
 Beowulf / int_851dda8f
comment
Humanoid Abomination: Grendel and his mother are described as the descendants of Cain, but are no longer human.
 Beowulf / int_851dda8f
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_851dda8f
featureConfidence
1.0
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Beowulf / int_851dda8f
 Beowulf / int_86b21114
type
Badass Boast
 Beowulf / int_86b21114
comment
Badass Boast: Unferth, one of Hrothgar's men, calls Beowulf a loser for losing a swimming contest. Beowulf responds that he got ambushed and had to stay on the sea floor ruining the shit of nine monsters (he took part in a swimming contest equipped with mail armor and a sword), and tells the drunk he's going to hell.
 Beowulf / int_86b21114
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_86b21114
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 Beowulf
hasFeature
Beowulf / int_86b21114
 Beowulf / int_8b568cb7
type
Posthumous Character
 Beowulf / int_8b568cb7
comment
Posthumous Character: Scyld Scefing (meaning "Scyld son of Scef, Scyld descendant of Scef, or Scyld of the Sheaf") starts the story dead. He is essentially the Beowulf of the previous generation.
 Beowulf / int_8b568cb7
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_8b568cb7
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1.0
 Beowulf
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Beowulf / int_8b568cb7
 Beowulf / int_8efbd9d2
type
Meaningful Funeral
 Beowulf / int_8efbd9d2
comment
Meaningful Funeral: Beow's funeral at the beginning echoes Beowulf's at the end, which in turn signifies the end of the Geats' hegemony and the rise of the Swedes.
 Beowulf / int_8efbd9d2
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_8efbd9d2
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1.0
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Beowulf / int_8efbd9d2
 Beowulf / int_9d12bbc1
type
Foreshadowing
 Beowulf / int_9d12bbc1
comment
Foreshadowing: The story opens with a funeral, and ends with a funeral. Beowulf tells a story of having to fight monsters underwater, and then has to fight monsters underwater. The story of Sigemund fighting the dragon is sung, and Beowulf dies fighting a dragon.
 Beowulf / int_9d12bbc1
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_9d12bbc1
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1.0
 Beowulf
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Beowulf / int_9d12bbc1
 Beowulf / int_9e1548b4
type
Old Retainer
 Beowulf / int_9e1548b4
comment
Old Retainer: Wiglaf is the only warrior to remain with Beowulf during his fight with the dragon; the rest are cowards and flee.
 Beowulf / int_9e1548b4
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_9e1548b4
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1.0
 Beowulf
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Beowulf / int_9e1548b4
 Beowulf / int_9fe35833
type
Even Bad Men Love Their Mamas
 Beowulf / int_9fe35833
comment
Even Bad Men Love Their Mamas: Grendel basically lives in his mother's basement.
 Beowulf / int_9fe35833
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_9fe35833
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 Beowulf
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Beowulf / int_9fe35833
 Beowulf / int_a5d92fce
type
Celibate Hero
 Beowulf / int_a5d92fce
comment
Celibate Hero: Beowulf never marries in the 50 years he rules.
 Beowulf / int_a5d92fce
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1.0
 Beowulf / int_a5d92fce
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Beowulf / int_a5d92fce
 Beowulf / int_a6134e4c
type
Lazy Dragon
 Beowulf / int_a6134e4c
comment
Lazy Dragon: The dragon is described as having been sleeping on its hoard within its lair, only awakening when a thief snuck inside and stole a goblet from its treasure. (Yes, this dragon was a direct inspiration for Smaug.)
 Beowulf / int_a6134e4c
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 Beowulf / int_a6134e4c
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Beowulf / int_a6134e4c
 Beowulf / int_a6275bef
type
Cool Sword
 Beowulf / int_a6275bef
comment
Cool Sword: Subverted — they may be quenched in blood rather than water and be like poison to normal humans, but they aren't usually much use, because Beowulf tends to break them because of his strength. Grendel's Mother is totally immune to human-crafted weapons of any kind, too.
 Beowulf / int_a6275bef
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 Beowulf / int_a6275bef
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 Beowulf
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Beowulf / int_a6275bef
 Beowulf / int_a679184b
type
Due to the Dead
 Beowulf / int_a679184b
comment
Due to the Dead: An important motif in the story, especially Beowulf's funeral at the end. He's buried with the gold he rescues from the dragon because the Geats feel he deserves no less.
 Beowulf / int_a679184b
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1.0
 Beowulf / int_a679184b
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Beowulf / int_a679184b
 Beowulf / int_a8c6a317
type
Super-Strength
 Beowulf / int_a8c6a317
comment
Super-Strength: Beowulf has the strength of 30 men in just the grip of one hand. He is able to wrestle Grendel to a stand-still before ripping his arm off. Toward the end, it is said that Beowulf constantly breaks his swords — he could never find one sturdy enough to long withstand the force with which he could swing them.
 Beowulf / int_a8c6a317
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1.0
 Beowulf / int_a8c6a317
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1.0
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Beowulf / int_a8c6a317
 Beowulf / int_aaff69d0
type
Unexpected Successor
 Beowulf / int_aaff69d0
comment
Unexpected Successor: Beowulf himself. As a man of honor, he refuses to usurp the throne from his increasingly blunder-prone relatives, and ultimately becomes king only once everyone in the line before him has been killed off in inter-tribal warfare.
 Beowulf / int_aaff69d0
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 Beowulf / int_aaff69d0
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 Beowulf
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Beowulf / int_aaff69d0
 Beowulf / int_ae3d6438
type
Deadpan Snarker
 Beowulf / int_ae3d6438
comment
Deadpan Snarker: Beowulf himself.
 Beowulf / int_ae3d6438
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_ae3d6438
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 Beowulf
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Beowulf / int_ae3d6438
 Beowulf / int_af5f2180
type
Avenging the Villain
 Beowulf / int_af5f2180
comment
Avenging the Villain: Grendel's mother is (somewhat understandably) furious when she discovers that her son has been slain and seeks to avenge him by continuing where he left off and later trying to kill his killer.
 Beowulf / int_af5f2180
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1.0
 Beowulf / int_af5f2180
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 Beowulf
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Beowulf / int_af5f2180
 Beowulf / int_b2ceabcd
type
Nice Day, Deadly Night
 Beowulf / int_b2ceabcd
comment
Nice Day, Deadly Night: The titular hero's first enemy is Grendel, a monster that attacks each night before slinking away come morning.
 Beowulf / int_b2ceabcd
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1.0
 Beowulf / int_b2ceabcd
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 Beowulf
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Beowulf / int_b2ceabcd
 Beowulf / int_b5049d76
type
Added Alliterative Appeal
 Beowulf / int_b5049d76
comment
Added Alliterative Appeal: The poem is written in alliterative verse, like most early Germanic poetry. To elaborate, where "modern" poetry would have the endings of words sound similar ("rhyme") in this type of poem, the first sound of the first stressed syllable of relevant words would be the same (usually the first word in a line and the first word after a pause)
 Beowulf / int_b5049d76
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 Beowulf / int_b5049d76
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Beowulf / int_b5049d76
 Beowulf / int_b58b4e3c
type
Too Dumb to Live
 Beowulf / int_b58b4e3c
comment
Too Dumb to Live: All the would-be Grendel slayers who show up before Beowulf, plus the men who come with him, think it's an excellent idea to get drunk and party at Heorot knowing full well the monster attacks at night when everyone is drunk and asleep. Beowulf stays with them, knowing damn well this is the perfect way to lure Grendel in.
 Beowulf / int_b58b4e3c
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1.0
 Beowulf / int_b58b4e3c
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Beowulf / int_b58b4e3c
 Beowulf / int_b593baf1
type
Author Filibuster
 Beowulf / int_b593baf1
comment
Author Filibuster: Did you know that a proper ruler should always be benevolent, open-minded, and willing to honour his people who honour him in return? No? Don't worry, the poem will make sure you don't forget it.
 Beowulf / int_b593baf1
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 Beowulf / int_b593baf1
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 Beowulf
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Beowulf / int_b593baf1
 Beowulf / int_b85c06f2
type
Glowing Eyes of Doom
 Beowulf / int_b85c06f2
comment
Glowing Eyes of Doom: Grendel is described with "a baleful light" shining from his eyes as he looks around at the sleeping Geats and preparing to attack, but perhaps he can turn it off, because he's also very stealthy.
 Beowulf / int_b85c06f2
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1.0
 Beowulf / int_b85c06f2
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Beowulf / int_b85c06f2
 Beowulf / int_c0091e94
type
Dragon Hoard
 Beowulf / int_c0091e94
comment
Dragon Hoard: The dragon is attracted by gold and makes his home on a treasure hidden in a barrow — because that is how dragons roll. There is also a reference to another dragon hoard won by the dragonslayer Sigemund [sic] by killing a dragon in a cave.
 Beowulf / int_c0091e94
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 Beowulf / int_c0091e94
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Beowulf / int_c0091e94
 Beowulf / int_c0d106a8
type
Wrecked Weapon
 Beowulf / int_c0d106a8
comment
Wrecked Weapon: Twice in the story, Beowulf's sword falters when he needs it most, and the narrator notes this is a perennial problem for him, since his Super-Strength causes them to snap. It leads to his death the second time.
 Beowulf / int_c0d106a8
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 Beowulf / int_c0d106a8
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Beowulf / int_c0d106a8
 Beowulf / int_c75df49a
type
Shout-Out
 Beowulf / int_c75df49a
comment
Shout-Out: A minstrel in the poem compares Beowulf to the dragonslayer "Sigemund". And it's fitting, as Beowulf will eventually face a dragon himself. The poem also contains allusions to other maybe fictional and maybe real characters that have, for the most part, been so lost that most of what we know about them comes from Beowulf itself.
 Beowulf / int_c75df49a
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 Beowulf / int_c75df49a
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Beowulf / int_c75df49a
 Beowulf / int_ca87e3ec
type
No Name Given
 Beowulf / int_ca87e3ec
comment
No Name Given: Grendel is the only antagonist given a name, despite being the least powerful of the three.
 Beowulf / int_ca87e3ec
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_ca87e3ec
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Beowulf / int_ca87e3ec
 Beowulf / int_ce90c792
type
No Title
 Beowulf / int_ce90c792
comment
No Title: The original manuscript has no title. "Beowulf" is merely the name given to it by scholars.
 Beowulf / int_ce90c792
featureApplicability
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 Beowulf / int_ce90c792
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 Beowulf
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Beowulf / int_ce90c792
 Beowulf / int_d028e0da
type
An Arm and a Leg
 Beowulf / int_d028e0da
comment
An Arm and a Leg: Beowulf rips off Grendel's arm, causing him to bleed to death.
 Beowulf / int_d028e0da
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_d028e0da
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Beowulf / int_d028e0da
 Beowulf / int_d88e125e
type
Our Dragons Are Different
 Beowulf / int_d88e125e
comment
Our Dragons Are Different: While the dragon conforms to the fairly conventional image of a cave-dwelling, fire-breathing, gold-hoarding, winged reptile, it has also a rather unique characteristic in that it is a nocturnal creature. It also has a venomous bite.
 Beowulf / int_d88e125e
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 Beowulf / int_d88e125e
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 Beowulf
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Beowulf / int_d88e125e
 Beowulf / int_db912a80
type
The Good King
 Beowulf / int_db912a80
comment
The Good King: Scyld is one. 11th line of the poem: The exact same thing is said of Beowulf 2,379 lines later.
 Beowulf / int_db912a80
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1.0
 Beowulf / int_db912a80
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 Beowulf
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Beowulf / int_db912a80
 Beowulf / int_db9940c4
type
Famed In-Story
 Beowulf / int_db9940c4
comment
Famed In-Story: "The most eager for fame."
 Beowulf / int_db9940c4
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_db9940c4
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 Beowulf
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Beowulf / int_db9940c4
 Beowulf / int_dd3969b
type
Hijacked by Jesus
 Beowulf / int_dd3969b
comment
Hijacked by Jesus: The characters anachronistically invoking God and the monsters tracing back to Cain are undoubtedly additions made by Christians to lore that predate the Conversion.
 Beowulf / int_dd3969b
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1.0
 Beowulf / int_dd3969b
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 Beowulf
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Beowulf / int_dd3969b
 Beowulf / int_e0222ff2
type
Buy Them Off
 Beowulf / int_e0222ff2
comment
Buy Them Off: Wergeld, or "man price" is a custom of the time that if a man killed another man he could essentially buy exemption from the victim's family, which was widely acceptable at the time. Such practices are quite common in non-Western cultures, and they were paid to prevent generational feuding within a legal framework. It's still practiced (sort of) even in Western cultures; it's just called the tort of wrongful death.
 Beowulf / int_e0222ff2
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 Beowulf / int_e0222ff2
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Beowulf / int_e0222ff2
 Beowulf / int_e13156e1
type
Mama Bear
 Beowulf / int_e13156e1
comment
Mama Bear: Grendel's mother is not pleased when she finds that her son has been slain by Beowulf.
 Beowulf / int_e13156e1
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1.0
 Beowulf / int_e13156e1
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Beowulf / int_e13156e1
 Beowulf / int_e24d2d5c
type
Reptiles Are Abhorrent
 Beowulf / int_e24d2d5c
comment
Reptiles Are Abhorrent: When the lake that Grendel's mother lives in is described, we know it's a bad place because it's described as being infested with all kinds of reptiles, including, but not limited to, sea dragons, serpents, and wild beasts.
 Beowulf / int_e24d2d5c
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 Beowulf / int_e24d2d5c
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Beowulf / int_e24d2d5c
 Beowulf / int_e26f04b4
type
Last of His Kind
 Beowulf / int_e26f04b4
comment
Last of His Kind: The "Lay of the Last Survivor" (lines 2247–66) is a flashback to how the last remaining descendant of a forgotten people walls up the riches of his extinct race in a barrow. This is the treasure that will later be occupied by the dragon.
 Beowulf / int_e26f04b4
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 Beowulf / int_e26f04b4
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Beowulf / int_e26f04b4
 Beowulf / int_e5bb2929
type
Super Not-Drowning Skills
 Beowulf / int_e5bb2929
comment
Super Not-Drowning Skills: Beowulf can hold his breath underwater for a full day when diving down a lake, and fight off no less than nine monsters on the sea bottom. The latter is done during a swimming contest in full armor that takes about a week to complete.
 Beowulf / int_e5bb2929
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 Beowulf / int_e5bb2929
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Beowulf / int_e5bb2929
 Beowulf / int_e6fa475c
type
Offered the Crown
 Beowulf / int_e6fa475c
comment
Offered the Crown: Beowulf is offered the crown by Hygelac's widow, who is trying to pass over her own son, Heardred. Beowulf refuses, and does not become king until Heardred is killed in combat.
 Beowulf / int_e6fa475c
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 Beowulf / int_e6fa475c
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Beowulf / int_e6fa475c
 Beowulf / int_ed7b2907
type
Folk Hero
 Beowulf / int_ed7b2907
comment
Folk Hero: To the Geats of the story.
 Beowulf / int_ed7b2907
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 Beowulf / int_ed7b2907
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Beowulf / int_ed7b2907
 Beowulf / int_ee6201b8
type
It Was a Gift
 Beowulf / int_ee6201b8
comment
It Was a Gift: Both the king and queen give Beowulf rings after his victory. It's worth mentioning that this was a common practice at the time, with the king being referred to multiple times as the "ring-giver".
 Beowulf / int_ee6201b8
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 Beowulf / int_ee6201b8
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Beowulf / int_ee6201b8
 Beowulf / int_f0e85546
type
Unbuilt Trope
 Beowulf / int_f0e85546
comment
Unbuilt Trope: Beowulf is one of the great literary heroes, and while he is exhorted to be virtuous and compassionate in his conduct, for the first two-thirds or so of the narrative he seems to be exactly what you would expect from such an individualistic archetype; boastful, aggressive, courageous, and all but invincible. Then several decades go by, the dragon shows up, and it becomes obvious that machismo only gets you so far in life; Beowulf is by now long past his prime, and while he reconciles himself to going out in a blaze of glory against the dragon if all else fails, the text openly describes him as fearful of facing such a terrible monster (he's quite dismayed by how little protection his shield offers him against its flame, and fighting it bare-handed, as he did against Grendel, is clearly not an option). And it gets worse; Beowulf's magic sword breaks against the dragon's apparently impenetrable hide, most of his men abandon him, and he looks to be in danger of going down as little more than a Perilous Old Fool. Then his only loyal vassal, Wiglaf, explicitly disregards Beowulf's insistence that he be allowed to fight alone, and rushes to his side so that they can take down the dragon together. The battle costs Beowulf his life, the dragon's treasure turns out to be cursed and is buried alongside Beowulf's ashes, effectively making it worthless, and it's dubious if Geatland can prosper in his absence; a woman laments at his funeral that the country is now more vulnerable to its enemies.
 Beowulf / int_f0e85546
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 Beowulf / int_f0e85546
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Beowulf / int_f0e85546
 Beowulf / int_f44ea9dc
type
Howl of Sorrow
 Beowulf / int_f44ea9dc
comment
Howl of Sorrow: Grendel lets out a terrifying scream when he realizes that he is beaten. Towards the end, Beowulf's courtiers do the same, knowing they're facing a very dark future.
 Beowulf / int_f44ea9dc
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_f44ea9dc
featureConfidence
1.0
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Beowulf / int_f44ea9dc
 Beowulf / int_f50eaeec
type
Gold Makes Everything Shiny
 Beowulf / int_f50eaeec
comment
Gold Makes Everything Shiny: Gold rings, gold cups and gold-plated swords, armour and shields are repeatedly and fondly described.
 Beowulf / int_f50eaeec
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_f50eaeec
featureConfidence
1.0
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Beowulf / int_f50eaeec
 Beowulf / int_fa6bfde9
type
Have a Gay Old Time
 Beowulf / int_fa6bfde9
comment
Have a Gay Old Time: There are a few phrases in the Old English poem that look like they can almost pass for Modern English, with some... uncomfortable meanings. One such phrase is from line 811: "he wæs fag wið God". Realizing that that ð is used in Old English to spell th, the line seems like it says, "He [Grendel] was a fag with God". However, "fag" in Old English means "enemy" and has nothing to do with the modern word, so the line actually means "He was an enemy of God".
 Beowulf / int_fa6bfde9
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_fa6bfde9
featureConfidence
1.0
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Beowulf / int_fa6bfde9
 Beowulf / int_faf5732b
type
I Call It "Vera"
 Beowulf / int_faf5732b
comment
I Call It "Vera": Named Weapons are a common theme in the story, eg. Beowulf's sword Nægling (lit. nail-ling).
 Beowulf / int_faf5732b
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_faf5732b
featureConfidence
1.0
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Beowulf / int_faf5732b
 Beowulf / int_fff371b4
type
Death Seeker
 Beowulf / int_fff371b4
comment
Death Seeker: Beowulf's decision to have one last fight before he dies so it can be a glorious death.
 Beowulf / int_fff371b4
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_fff371b4
featureConfidence
1.0
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Beowulf / int_fff371b4
 Beowulf / int_name
type
ItemName
 Beowulf / int_name
comment
 Beowulf / int_name
featureApplicability
1.0
 Beowulf / int_name
featureConfidence
1.0
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Beowulf / int_name
 Beowulf / int_name
itemName
Beowulf

The following is a list of statements referring to the current page from other pages.

 Beowulf
seeAlso
Beowulf
 Wayland the Smith
seeAlso
Beowulf
 Beowulf
hasFeature
A Friend in Need / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
A Hero Is Born / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Accidentally Broke the MacGuffin / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Adaptational Attractiveness / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Adaptational Villainy / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Always Accurate Attack / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Attack Its Weak Point / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Attack the Injury / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Awesome Ego / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
BFS / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Badass Preacher / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Barbarian Hero / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Beethoven Was an Alien Spy / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
seeAlso
Beowulf
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Big Bad Ensemble / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Boss-Arena Idiocy / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Breath Weapon / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Broke Your Arm Punching Out Cthulhu / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Buffy Speak / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Burial at Sea / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
By the Hair / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Cain / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Classical Tongue / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Cool Sword / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Counterspell / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Deadly Hug / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Description Porn / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Disc-One Final Boss / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Dragon Hoard / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Dragon Works / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Dying Moment of Awesome / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Epic Catalog / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Eyes Do Not Belong There / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
First Installment Wins / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Giant's Knife; Human's Greatsword / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Give Me a Sword / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Golden Translator / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Grievous Harm with a Body / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Hijacked by Jesus / int_d50ee4b7
 History of English
seeAlso
Beowulf
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Howl of Sorrow / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Human Mom, Non-Human Dad / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Humanoid Abomination / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
I Call It "Vera" / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
In the Name of the Moon / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
It Was a Gift / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Lawful Good / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Lazy Dragon / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Legend / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Luckily, My Shield Will Protect Me / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Luke, You Are My Father / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Made a Slave / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Mama Bear / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Mid-Season Upgrade / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Monster Is a Mommy / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Monster Progenitor / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Moses in the Bulrushes / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Mutual Kill / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
My Suit Is Also Super / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Mythology Upgrade / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Named by the Adaptation / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Named Weapons / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Narrative Poem / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Nice Day, Deadly Night / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
No Title / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Plot-Powered Stamina / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Public Domain Artifact / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Public Domain Character / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Rape Portrayed as Redemption / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Red Pill, Blue Pill / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Secret Underground Passage / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Shout-Out Theme Naming / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Stock Animal Diet / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Stock Animal Name / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Stock Weapon Names / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
The Descendants of Cain / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
The Dragonslayer / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
The Epic / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
The Good King / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
The Law of Diminishing Defensive Effort / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
The Low Middle Ages / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
The Punishment / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
The Trope without a Title / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Things That Go "Bump" in the Night / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Time Skip / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Translation with an Agenda / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Truth-Telling Session / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Unnamed Parent / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Unskilled, but Strong / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Uterine Replicator / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Victory Is Boring / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Viewer Pronunciation Confusion / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Villainous Mother-Son Duo / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Welcome to Corneria / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Who You Gonna Call? / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Winds of Destiny, Change! / int_d50ee4b7
 Beowulf
hasFeature
Winter Warfare / int_d50ee4b7