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Evolution

467 statements
91 feature instances
50 referencing feature instances

Evolution	type	TVTItem
Evolution	label	Evolution
Evolution	page	Evolution
Evolution	comment	Evolution is a novel by Stephen Baxter spanning 645 million years of Earth's history, with most chapters focusing on sixty-five million years ago to thirty million years in the future. The book is split into three parts:"Ancestors" focuses on various ancestors and predecessors of humanity, starting with a ratlike animal that coexisted with the dinosaurs and describing sapient Jurassic dinosaurs, the earliest social primates, African proto-monkeys carried to South America on driftwood rafts, the last of the polar dinosaurs, and the first apes to step out into the savannah."Humans" depicts various turnings in human development, including the slow development of tool use and intelligence, the invention of religion, the spread out of Africa and the clashes between the various human species, the dying of the Roman Empire, and the final collapse of modern civilization."Descendants" follows the Earth after the downfall of human civilization, beginning with soldiers awakening from suspended animation to find a barren world home only to feral posthumans and heading further into a strange ecosystem populated by monstrous rats and human animals before ending in the dying, dust-strewn wastes of the last supercontinent.Not the Awaken Online story.
Evolution	fetched	2024-01-23T18:46:13Z
Evolution	parsed	2024-01-23T18:46:13Z
Evolution	processingComment	Dropped link to AfterManAZoologyOfTheFuture: Not a Feature - ITEM
Evolution	processingComment	Dropped link to LastOfItsKind: Not a Feature - UNKNOWN
Evolution	processingComment	Dropped link to TheTimeMachine: Not a Feature - ITEM
Evolution	processingUnknown	LastOfItsKind
Evolution	isPartOf	DBTropes
Evolution / int_12f078f3	type	Artistic License – Linguistics
Evolution / int_12f078f3	comment	Artistic License â€“ Linguistics: Implied with "Cata Huuk", the in-story name of the Proto-Indo-European town located in present-day Ã‡atalhÃ¶yÃ¼k, Turkey. Possibly the idea is that Cata Huuk was the original name, but this is certainly incorrect. Ã‡atalhÃ¶yÃ¼k means Fork Mound in Turkish, a non-Indo-European language that only entered the Near East in the past millennium.
Evolution / int_12f078f3	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_12f078f3	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_15756c9d	type	Where It All Began
Evolution / int_15756c9d	comment	Where It All Began: The story begins in Late Cretaceous Montana where the fossil of Purgatorius was found, and ends at the same place 565 million years later, during the time of Ultimate, humanity's final descendant.
Evolution / int_15756c9d	featureApplicability	1.0
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Evolution / int_17a45ff5	type	Misplaced Wildlife
Evolution / int_17a45ff5	comment	"The Crossing" has some anachronism and Misplaced Wildlife in it too. Not only does it have indricotherid rhinos (native only to Asia) and camels (who were only found in North America at this time) inhabiting Africa, it also has gastornid birds in an Oligocene-Miocene setting... even after these animals were supposed to have died out in the middle Eocene.
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Evolution / int_17a45ff5	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_18729bf8	type	Swarm of Rats
Evolution / int_18729bf8	comment	Swarm of Rats: The narration notes that the packs of predator rats living thirty million years hence still run closely together in a way that evokes this more than a wolf pack.
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Evolution / int_18aff462	type	Artistic License â€“ Biology
Evolution / int_18aff462	comment	Artistic License â€“ Biology: "The Long Shadow" mentions that dogs and cats would die out quickly with humans gone, since they're too dependent on human care for survival and can't reliably hunt for themselves anymore. This is broadly correct for dogs, which don't form stable populations away from human settlements unless they extensively interbreed with wild wolves or dingoes; cats, however, are notorious for going feral very easily — it doesn't take more than a couple generations for cats to go wild enough to start to entirely avoid humans, even house cats will independently catch and kill prey as large as rabbits, and feral cats are considered to be one of the most ecologically dangerous invasive species in the world.
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Evolution / int_1e39757d	type	Servant Race
Evolution / int_1e39757d	comment	Servant Race: At the end of civilisation, humanity was heading to this when the genriched elite inserted a whole extra chromosome full of desirable genes into their kids, making them unable to breed with unenhanced Homo sapiens. The rich have set themselves up as a separate species.
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Evolution / int_1e39757d	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_1e95dd12	type	Adam and Eve Plot
Evolution / int_1e95dd12	comment	Adam and Eve Plot: Subverted in "The Long Shadow". The sole female member of the reawakened squadron runs away because she knows the men want to enact this with her.
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Evolution / int_22b3deaf	type	Toothy Bird
Evolution / int_22b3deaf	comment	Toothy Bird: Some of the marine cormorants, having taken the niches of the dolphins that went extinct alongside humanity, have regrown the teeth of their ancient reptilian ancestors. This trait is retained into the future, and the flightless birds of New Pangaea also sport sharp teeth in their beaks.
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Evolution / int_22b3deaf	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_31d6fd00	type	Legend Fades to Myth
Evolution / int_31d6fd00	comment	Legend Fades to Myth: In the first segment of "Raft Continent", Ejan and Rocha craft a simple outrigger canoe, sail to Australia, and briefly encounter a giant snake. A thousand years later, the distant descendants of the early colonists that followed them tell legends about how they flew across the straits on a boat lined with gull feathers and fought giant serpents and other monsters. During the first five thousand years of the human colonisation of Australia, they have killed off all the continent's megafauna, such as giant kangaroos, which survive only as cave paintings. They are dismissed as childish doodling by people who have already forgotten what has been lost.
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Evolution / int_334e48a1	type	After the End
Evolution / int_334e48a1	comment	After the End: Due to the timescale of the books, many chapters could qualify, but the Descendants section is the most obvious from a human perspective.
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Evolution / int_3517000d	type	Mad Scientist
Evolution / int_3517000d	comment	Mad Scientist: Mother understands the concept of cause and effect, and is capable of abstract thought. This enables her to invent the spear thrower, a crucial invention because her people are starving. But Mother's enhanced mental powers come at a cost; many of her ideas come to her when she is having crippling migraines. She begins to suffer from paranoid schizophrenia following the death of her son, and invents the world's first religion.
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Evolution / int_36a08086	type	Invisibility with Drawbacks
Evolution / int_36a08086	comment	Invisibility with Drawbacks: All invisible mutant frogs are blind (a transparent retina can't trap light), have inefficient biochemistry for having to use transparent substitutes, are extremely vulnerable to cancer for lack of protection from light, heat and the Sun's radiation, and live short, wretched lives in constant agony before dying as juveniles, never reaching adulthood, because a lack of melanin means they can't block ultraviolet light and are thus very prone to cancer.
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Evolution / int_38b2491d	type	The Fog of Ages
Evolution / int_38b2491d	comment	The Fog of Ages: The replicator robots share their memories with each other through the generations, but over long spans of time these become increasingly less reliable. By the time of New Pangaea, the replicator swarms scattered through the stars have long forgotten where they came from, and their collective memory eventually trails away into a vague emptiness.
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Evolution / int_3b4abb27	type	Double Meaning
Evolution / int_3b4abb27	comment	Double Meaning: The ruler of Cata Huuk is known as the Potus. While a passable cognate for potentate, it also shares a spelling with the acronym POTUS for President of the United States.
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Evolution / int_3bce9346	type	RagnarÃ¶k Proofing
Evolution / int_3bce9346	comment	RagnarÃ¶k Proofing: Averted. Very little remains of human civilization except fossils and some very durable structures such as an artificial cave or a gorge excavated to build a road. In "The Long Shadow", while preserved stuff such as guns has survived, concrete has degraded, metal has rusted off, and everything else has been victim of the ravages of time. The end of Remembrance's part mentions the NEAR-Shoemaker probe still on the asteroid Eros, even if it has suffered the effects of space weathering.
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Evolution / int_3c3f28a5	type	Blessed with Suck
Evolution / int_3c3f28a5	comment	Blessed with Suck: The mutant frogs (possibly descendants of glass frogs) of New Pangaea are extremely effective ambush hunters due to be invisible. However, their invisibility also means they're blind, because a transparent retina can't catch light, and their reliance on transparent replacements for organic chemicals makes their biology very inefficient. On top of that, their lack of protective pigments of any sort makes them extremely susceptible to cancer. All of them die before reaching adulthood. The only reason their kind survives is because they're only a small minority in a normally visible species, and catch a great deal of food for their siblings before they die.
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Evolution / int_3d4d3dc9	type	Humans Are Bastards
Evolution / int_3d4d3dc9	comment	Humans Are Bastards: Baxter's views on humanity are depressing. We are almost always represented in a negative light as we exhaust our resources and exploit anything of benefit to us. We are unable to overcome our animal urge to destroy anything we do not know or understand. Selfishness and xenophobia are mankind's modus operandi.
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Evolution / int_40cc0c7e	type	Bittersweet Ending
Evolution / int_40cc0c7e	comment	Bittersweet Ending: By the end of the book, all the primates are dead, along with all life on Earth, and all recognizable traces of humans are long gone, but they're succeeded by a mechanical civilization, and bacteria from Earth seeded life on new worlds, condemning them to the same eons-long cycle of violence that once engulfed Earth.
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Evolution / int_420081bf	type	Alien Sky
Evolution / int_420081bf	comment	Alien Sky: The soldiers who awake many millennia of years in the future in "The Long Shadow" find a sky with no Mars and constellations that have somewhat changed as their composing stars have moved through the sky and new stars have been born. The latter fact is also mentioned in Remembrance's part, having happened to a much larger degree. Earth's sky in Ultimate's time is dominated by the immense spiral of the Milky Way, since the Sun's orbit has taken it out of the primary disk. It also has an Andromeda Galaxy that appears larger and brighter as it has moved towards the Milky Way and a brighter Moon thanks to a more luminous Sun. The skies end up Venus-like, covered in clouds, when the luminosity of the Sun climbs enough and much later on when the former has swollen into a red giant it's implied it dominates them.
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Evolution / int_457655dd	type	Human Popsicle
Evolution / int_457655dd	comment	Human Popsicle: Some soldiers end up that way and awake in an unknown future in "The Long Shadow".
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Evolution / int_47060811	type	Screaming Birth
Evolution / int_47060811	comment	Screaming Birth: Every single birth that gets described. In at least one case, the mother recovers lightning-quick once the birth is finished to describe her newborn's actions in terms of evolutionary heritage, as though the whole "screaming in pain" thing was part of a script.
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Evolution / int_475d592d	type	You Dirty Rat!
Evolution / int_475d592d	comment	You Dirty Rat!: A recurring motif of the chapters dealing with human evolution and descendants is the competition between primates and rodents for resources and ecological niches, with rodents being dumber but more efficient. The most feared apex predators thirty million years in the future are all rodents, such as rat-leopards and mouse-raptors, while humans have evolved into arboreal apes, so it could be said the rodents eventually won.
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Evolution / int_49d18492	type	Scenery Gorn
Evolution / int_49d18492	comment	Scenery Gorn: After many vivid descriptions of the world of the dinosaurs, both in the late Jurassic and the late Cretaceous, the destruction of that world is described just as vividly — the narration gives extensive attention to the systematic demolition of the landscapes, species and individual creatures described in the earlier Cretaceous chapter, as they're annihilated in the initial blast waves, drowned and crushed in the tsunamis, slaughtered in the rain of fragments falling back to earth, incinerated in global firestorms, or slowly frozen to death in the ensuing impact winter.
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Evolution / int_49d59be9	type	Scenery Porn
Evolution / int_49d59be9	comment	Scenery Porn: The world is much more developed and interesting than the characters, and the physical environments and complex webs of ecological relationships are described in lush and vivid detail.
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Evolution / int_4b67d20a	type	Fossil Revival
Evolution / int_4b67d20a	comment	Fossil Revival: One of Alison Scott's genetic creations is a living reconstruction of an Australopithecus.
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Evolution / int_4c4bebf4	type	Artistic License â€“ Paleontology
Evolution / int_4c4bebf4	comment	Artistic License â€“ Paleontology: While most of the time Baxter gets the science right, and the speculative leaps he takes are somewhat within the bounds of plausibility, a few examples must be mentioned. In "The Hunters of Pangea", Baxter mentions that the only evidence humans had of the sapient Ornitholestes is the disappearance of sauropods in the Late Jurassic, since the sapient species' bones and technology are too fragile to preserve. Problem is, sauropods didn't go extinct in the Late Jurassic, not even in the Northern Hemisphere. There were as many sauropods inhabiting North America in the Early Cretaceous as there were in the Late Jurassic, including Astrodon, Sauroposeidon, and Sonorasaurus. However, there was a mass extinction at the end of the Jurassic that claimed the dominant Jurassic sauropods, and the sauropods referred to in that story were all Diplodocus, which did go extinct then. The phrase was "the disappearance of the giant sauropods". It could easily have meant just those specific species, not sauropods in general, but the wording is nonetheless ambiguous. In the stories involving Purgatorius, while Baxter does get it right by cloaking his troodonts in feathers, he leaves them off his dromaeosaurs. He also depicts the raptors as cold-blooded, despite the fact that raptors are the very dinosaurs which ignited the cold blood/warm blood debate. In fact, even paleontologists who doubt endothermy in ornithischians and sauropods don't deny that raptors were most likely endothermic. And then there are the Giganotosaurus and Suchomimus in North America. Not only are these animals in the wrong place (Giganotosaurus was from South America, Suchomimus from Africa), but they are from the wrong time, as both species were from the Early Cretaceous; Baxter excuses these particular issues by having the dinosaurs in question belong to different but related species whose fossils simply haven't been found. "The Crossing" has some anachronism and Misplaced Wildlife in it too. Not only does it have indricotherid rhinos (native only to Asia) and camels (who were only found in North America at this time) inhabiting Africa, it also has gastornid birds in an Oligocene-Miocene setting... even after these animals were supposed to have died out in the middle Eocene.
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Evolution / int_4e3d253b	type	Downer Ending
Evolution / int_4e3d253b	comment	Downer Ending: Many resolutions to the individual chapters. The novel itself ends with the death of the last primate to reproduce, and might count depending on whether you care about bacteria seeding new life or robot civilizations.
Evolution / int_4e3d253b	featureApplicability	1.0
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Evolution / int_4eaa9b84	type	Author Tract
Evolution / int_4eaa9b84	comment	Author Tract: Many interesting ideas are pushed aside by Baxter promoting his specific sociological views.
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Evolution / int_503c3744	type	Of the People
Evolution / int_503c3744	comment	Of the People: Early hominids don't need to dehumanize people because it never occurs to them that hominids not members of their own band are people.
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Evolution / int_515189ab	type	Single-Biome Planet
Evolution / int_515189ab	comment	Single-Biome Planet: At several points in the Earth's history, such as in the Jurassic and the Paleocene, its land is entirely covered by immense forests. Jurassic Earth, in particular, is ecologically very uniform due to the joining of the continents having allowed all kinds of beings to migrate, mingle, and outcompete each other until only a select few survived, and cover all the lands until only a uniform, global forest community was left. New Pangaea, a supercontinent which will reassemble 500 million years into the future, is entirely covered by a uniform desert of red dust.
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Evolution / int_5fdf73bc	type	Photographic Memory
Evolution / int_5fdf73bc	comment	Photographic Memory: Subverted. The replicating robots sent to Mars still retain their original programming deep in their memory storage systems and pass it onto each other even as they evolve. But as the eons pass, those memories become increasingly unreliable as more of said coding is either overwritten or failing to errors. Eventually, the results in the mechanical civilization that emerged from those robots having no clue where they even came from.
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Evolution / int_67677940	type	Giant Flyer
Evolution / int_67677940	comment	Giant Flyer: The air whale, a giant pterosaur with a 100-metre wingspan that lives in the stratosphere, feeding on insects and windblown seeds. Its internal structure is incredibly rarefied in order to diminish its weight, and degrades too quickly to leave fossils.
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Evolution / int_677ecaa9	type	People Farms
Evolution / int_677ecaa9	comment	People Farms: The mouse-raptors thirty million years in the future domesticate, protect and farm a species of elephant-like descendants of humans for food.
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Evolution / int_6a1c2a6	type	Cosmic Horror Story
Evolution / int_6a1c2a6	comment	Cosmic Horror Story: Baxter's explanation of how human civilisation ends emphasises that we are prey to powerful forces that we cannot control. The undoing of humanity is not nuclear war, global warming or a deadly virus grown in a laboratory, but an enormous super-volcano that disrupts the planet's weather systems enough to cause civilisation to collapse. Volcanic eruptions, asteroid impacts, ice ages and indeed evolution itself destroy humanity's delusions of grandeur. Humans are no different from the millions of species that have come into being, thrived, then vanished into oblivion. In the eyes of Earth, we are a minor flash in the pan. In the eyes of the cosmos, we are less than a speck of dust. Look at those who have fallen before us; why should we fare any better? Are we really any different?
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Evolution / int_6ce4c7b0	type	Ascended to Carnivorism
Evolution / int_6ce4c7b0	comment	Ascended to Carnivorism: The Antarctican descendants of the herbivorous Leaellynasaura adapted to eating meat and became scavengers.
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Evolution / int_6f81817b	type	Grows on Trees
Evolution / int_6f81817b	comment	Grows on Trees: The barometz Trees of New Pangaea are involved in posthuman reproduction by mixing the parents' bodily fluid, and also feed the children with the organic mechanisms in their leafy cocoons.
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Evolution / int_7131e4c9	type	Rodents of Unusual Size
Evolution / int_7131e4c9	comment	Rodents of Unusual Size: Thirty million years after the end of civilisation, the rodent survivors of the crash have diversified into rat-cheetahs, rat-leopards and mouse-raptors that hunt rabbit-gazelles and duck-billed goats.
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Evolution / int_716c0b1b	type	And the Adventure Continues
Evolution / int_716c0b1b	comment	And the Adventure Continues: A flashforward mentions another planet that was seeded by the last life on Earth.
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Evolution / int_7464705c	type	Arc Words
Evolution / int_7464705c	comment	Arc Words: "Life had always been chancy" is used a number of times through the book, always after the story makes a point about how the history of humanity has involved a tremendous number of chance events and precarious situations, and how if history had followed a very slightly different path — if this one Purgatorius hadn't survived, or if a lava flow hadn't isolated that one tribe of primitive pithecines from their forest — life on Earth would have followed a very different course, and humanity would never have existed.
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Evolution / int_767ef8a0	type	Flying Seafood Special
Evolution / int_767ef8a0	comment	Flying Seafood Special: Fish that fly with winglike fins are among the creatures that populate the Earth thirty million years after humanity's downfall.
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Evolution / int_782b8a66	type	Absurdly Dedicated Worker
Evolution / int_782b8a66	comment	Absurdly Dedicated Worker: The replicator robots have been designed as a precursor to human colonisation of Mars, with instructions to build homes, assemble air and water, grow food and build cars, computers and other conveniences for the colonists. No human ever arrives at Mars before their downfall, but the replicating robots keep doing their job even after they lose contact with humans. Until they were told otherwise, their only purpose was to replicate, eventually destroying Mars and spreading around the universe.
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Evolution / int_7eb2bc15	type	Ambiguous Time Period
Evolution / int_7eb2bc15	comment	Ambiguous Time Period: It's not stated exactly when "A Long Shadow" (the first chapter in the Descendants section) takes place. The characters can only speculate that it must have been more than a millennium since civilisation ended and they were put into cryostasis.
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Evolution / int_7fbb2a3	type	Nice Job Breaking It, Hero!
Evolution / int_7fbb2a3	comment	Nice Job Breaking It, Hero: Eros crashes into Earth causing an extinction-level event because of the lack of a planet Mars that stabilizes its orbit.
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Evolution / int_8134db87	type	Mechanical Evolution
Evolution / int_8134db87	comment	Mechanical Evolution: The replicator robots sent to Mars tried, incorporated and abandoned many modifications when replicating themselves, creating new kinds of robots, learning and adapting whenever they encounter a new condition.
Evolution / int_8134db87	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_8134db87	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_8134db87
Evolution / int_82464731	type	Humanity's Wake
Evolution / int_82464731	comment	Humanity's Wake: The "Descendants" section takes place in the future, about humanity's descendants after the end of civilisation.
Evolution / int_82464731	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_82464731	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_82464731
Evolution / int_859ec5d8	type	The Fair Folk
Evolution / int_859ec5d8	comment	The Fair Folk: The pithecines, who took to living as scavengers in the forest fringe and occasionally hunted humans, their savannah-dwelling cousins, are depicted as the basis in reality of these myths.
Evolution / int_859ec5d8	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_859ec5d8	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_859ec5d8
Evolution / int_86e17259	type	Alas, Poor Yorick
Evolution / int_86e17259	comment	Alas, Poor Yorick: Mother digs out her child's skull and cradles it, and later she starts using it as a totem to gain influence over her tribe.
Evolution / int_86e17259	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_86e17259	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_86e17259
Evolution / int_8b6e8d7	type	Anachronic Order
Evolution / int_8b6e8d7	comment	Anachronic Order: Halfway throughout Purga's story in the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, the book takes a side-trip to Listener, an intelligent Ornitholestes living in the depths of the Jurassic.
Evolution / int_8b6e8d7	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_8b6e8d7	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_8b6e8d7
Evolution / int_8bf8adfa	type	Just Before the End
Evolution / int_8bf8adfa	comment	Just Before the End: "Dinosaur Dreams" is set a few days before the comet impact that wiped out the dinosaurs, when nothing seemed out of the ordinary beyond a steadily brightening light in the southern sky as the comet approaches. "The Last Burrow" is set in the last days of the polar dinosaurs, as the lowering temperatures and the growing ice slowly drive them into extinction. "The Dying Light" is set in the last days of the Western Roman Empire, as the final remnants of its civilization finish crumbling away into a mass of petty barbarian kingdoms. The epilogue is set some years after a volcanic eruption causes the collapse of human civilization, when only a few last pockets of civilized humans are hanging on in a world doomed to go over to animals, feral humans and overgrown ruins. "A Far Distant Futurity" is set 500 million years into the future, when the continents of Earth have merged into a hot, flat, dry supercontinent that resembles the surface of Mars, and life is on the decline.
Evolution / int_8bf8adfa	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_8bf8adfa	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_8bf8adfa
Evolution / int_90abf35b	type	Formerly Sapient Species
Evolution / int_90abf35b	comment	Formerly Sapient Species: "Descendants" depicts the evolution of humanity into non-sapient, tree-dwelling primates. In the section's first chapter, a squadron of soldiers are awakened from cryostasis an uncertain number of millennia into the future and encounter a troop of hairy feral posthumans. By thirty million years hence, humans have returned to being arboreal apes. Their nests vaguely resemble small buildings that they decorate with glass fragments to ward off predators, but they are otherwise little different from a chimp or australopithecine. Numerous other posthuman species have emerged by this point, including arboreal hunters, elephantine giants "farmed" by carnivorous rats and burrowing creatures living in underground hives. By half a billion years hence, when life on Earth is coming to an end, posthumans are the last mammals: small, russet-furred monkey-like animals that live in chemical thrall to a species of tree.
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Evolution / int_90abf35b	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_90abf35b
Evolution / int_91e894b4	type	Apocalypse How
Evolution / int_91e894b4	comment	Apocalypse How: Several categories. Class 3a: Natural Human Extinction: This begins to happen in the 2031 segments, when a supervolcano explodes before the humans get a chance to undo the damage done to the environment. Another 3a happens to the intelligent dinosaurs from "The Hunters of Pangaea", who go extinct after the Diplodocus herd that they depend upon dies off due to its matriarch's death and climate disruption caused by the breakup of Pangea. Class 4: Biosphere Extinction: Several. The extinction of the dinosaurs is described in detail, as is the effect of humans on biodiversity. There is also mention of the asteroid Eros impacting thirty million years from now. Class 5: Planetary Extinction and Class 6: Planetary Desolation: In the flash-forward near the end of the book, the planet gets so hot that only bacteria are able to survive, then so hot that nothing can survive. Class X: Planetary Annihilation: Mars is entirely consumed by self-replicating robots that humans sent to Mars soon before dying out. The robots go on to create a civilization that lasts much, much longer than humanity did. In the flash-forward mentioned above, the Earth is also destroyed by the dying Sun.
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Evolution / int_91e894b4	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_91e894b4
Evolution / int_92286f7f	type	Precursors
Evolution / int_92286f7f	comment	Precursors: The Ornitholestes from the second chapter could be considered this to mankind, being a civilization that existed in the Jurassic. Unlike most examples, though, nobody will ever know that they existed, as they only made tools out of wood, and the only evidence of their existence is the extinction of some types of sauropods in the Jurassic.
Evolution / int_92286f7f	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_92286f7f	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_92286f7f
Evolution / int_9afa5bb6	type	Mole Men
Evolution / int_9afa5bb6	comment	Mole Men: Thirty million years after the end of human civilization, a strain of humans has become adapted for living in crowded, mazelike burrows among the roots of a symbiotic tree. These mole folk are small and shrunken, entirely hairless, and with small ears and eyes completely covered by skin, and instead rely on touch and whiskers to get around. They have also developed sharp, shovel-like fingernails for digging.
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Evolution / int_9afa5bb6	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_9afa5bb6
Evolution / int_9c45b5a2	type	What Measure Is a Non-Human?
Evolution / int_9c45b5a2	comment	What Measure Is a Non-Human?: The boneheads (Neanderthals) once Homo sapiens sapiens takes over. Elisha wonders if it is still rape to have non-consensual sex with a genetically non-compatible partner.
Evolution / int_9c45b5a2	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_9c45b5a2	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_9c45b5a2
Evolution / int_9c89a71a	type	Tribal Face Paint
Evolution / int_9c89a71a	comment	Tribal Face Paint: Early humans identify kin groups by ochre markings scrawled on their faces, hands and arms.
Evolution / int_9c89a71a	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_9c89a71a	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_9c89a71a
Evolution / int_a2484b0e	type	The Beautiful Elite
Evolution / int_a2484b0e	comment	The Beautiful Elite: A consequence of the development of genetic engineering is that the rich can now spend their money to make their children look better.
Evolution / int_a2484b0e	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_a2484b0e	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_a2484b0e
Evolution / int_a969c74a	type	Final Solution
Evolution / int_a969c74a	comment	Final Solution: At the end of "A Crowded Land", a group of anatomically modern humans arrive at an island and exterminate the local population of late Homo erectus people, stranded there millennia earlier as sea levels rose.
Evolution / int_a969c74a	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_a969c74a	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_a969c74a
Evolution / int_aa6c24ee	type	Slept Through the Apocalypse
Evolution / int_aa6c24ee	comment	Slept Through the Apocalypse: One of the stories deals with a group of soldiers who were in suspended animation waking up hundreds of thousands of years after the human civilization collapsed, they encounter the precursors of raptor-like rodents and a group of feral humans.
Evolution / int_aa6c24ee	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_aa6c24ee	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_aa6c24ee
Evolution / int_ad982e04	type	Super-Persistent Predator
Evolution / int_ad982e04	comment	Super-Persistent Predator: A Troodon pursues Purga, the protagonist of the first chapter, not because she's hungry, but because she snapped when she found Purga eating her eggs.
Evolution / int_ad982e04	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_ad982e04	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_ad982e04
Evolution / int_b3eecaae	type	Colony Drop
Evolution / int_b3eecaae	comment	Colony Drop: Earth is hit by two major cosmic bodies, both causing a mass extinction — the comet that killed the dinosaurs and Eros in the future. Numerous other impacts of this scale occur during the Solar System's dying days, but by that point there's nothing left on Earth for them to kill.
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Evolution / int_b3eecaae	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_b3eecaae
Evolution / int_b42e16fb	type	Feathered Fiend
Evolution / int_b42e16fb	comment	Feathered Fiend: The finches and starlings, having survived and thrived in the wake of humanity, have become ferocious killers to the mammals dwelling under the forest canopy.
Evolution / int_b42e16fb	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_b42e16fb	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_b42e16fb
Evolution / int_b47f7b7f	type	T. Rexpy
Evolution / int_b47f7b7f	comment	T. Rexpy: In "The Kingdom of the Rats", one of the new species of predators descended from rodents are immense, bipedal mice with massive heads built to thrust great slashing teeth into their prey, and long thick tails to balance them. The narration explicitly compares them to the bygone tyrannosaurs.
Evolution / int_b47f7b7f	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_b47f7b7f	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_b47f7b7f
Evolution / int_bbcdd673	type	One-Gender Race
Evolution / int_bbcdd673	comment	One-Gender Race: The last of humanity's descendants 500 million years in the future are all functionally female, there are no males any more, and gender is meaningless.
Evolution / int_bbcdd673	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_bbcdd673	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_bbcdd673
Evolution / int_be03ba89	type	Lost World
Evolution / int_be03ba89	comment	Lost World: Antarctica, as depicted in "The Last Burrow", is a holdout of creatures long extinct everywhere else — the last nonavian dinosaurs live there, having endured the mass extinction thanks to their preexisting adaptations to long periods of cold and darkness, alongside remnant plesiadapids who rafted over to the continent and survived long after rodents and modern primates drove them into extinction elsewhere in the world. This lost world is ultimately doomed, however, as Antarctica moves towards the south pole and becomes covered in ice. Australia, as depicted in "Raft Continent", has remained isolated from the other continents for tens of millions of years and is home to strange creatures from lineages otherwise struggling or extinct, such as a wide variety of giant marsupials and immense reptiles. Within a few thousand years of landing there, however, humanity hunts all of its megafauna to extinction.
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Evolution / int_be03ba89	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_be03ba89
Evolution / int_c011cd29	type	Path of Inspiration
Evolution / int_c011cd29	comment	Path of Inspiration: Gods, religion, life after death, black magic and human sacrifice are depicted as the creation of a manipulative, emotionally unbalanced woman wielding her dead son's memory as a weapon in a bid to gain political power. On the other hand, religion is shown to have also a positive impact on the tribe since its teachings improve the quality of life of its members and bring unity to them.
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Evolution / int_c011cd29	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_c011cd29
Evolution / int_c0b66f61	type	Invisible Monsters
Evolution / int_c0b66f61	comment	Invisible Monsters: 500 million years in the future, a species of amphibians has a chance to produce a mutant that replaces most of the body's biochemicals with transparent substances, making it almost invisible and extremely difficult to detect, looking like little more than big bags of water sitting in the desert of New Pangaea.
Evolution / int_c0b66f61	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_c0b66f61	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_c335b9ec	type	Irony
Evolution / int_c335b9ec	comment	Irony: Purga survives long after menopause and lives to actually die of old age (which is normally extremely rare in the wild)... thanks to the impact that killed off the dinosaurs and many others.
Evolution / int_c335b9ec	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_c335b9ec	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_c3409128	type	Quest to the West
Evolution / int_c3409128	comment	Quest to the West: In "The Crossing", a group of monkeys are swept out from the Congo River to the Atlantic by a flash flood. They survive the immediate peril by clinging to a raft of matted vegetation, but then have to endure weeks of thirst and starvation, during which many of them die, with one of them being devoured by a shark. At length, the raft drifts ashore and the survivors find themselves in South America, becoming the progenitors of the New World monkeys that live there to this day.
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Evolution / int_c34b316c	type	Bee People
Evolution / int_c34b316c	comment	Bee People: The mole-like posthumans have adopted eusociality, where the majority of the population are sterile females, to adapt to living in cramped underground burrows.
Evolution / int_c34b316c	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_c34b316c	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_c66cb5a9	type	Human Sacrifice
Evolution / int_c66cb5a9	comment	Human Sacrifice: An invention of Mother to remove political dissidents, under the guise of bringing rain. Fortunately, only two sacrificial victims are required before the rains come; she was quite prepared to work her way through the entire tribe.
Evolution / int_c66cb5a9	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_c66cb5a9	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_c75df49a	type	Shout-Out
Evolution / int_c75df49a	comment	Shout-Out: With bitter irony, the characters of "The Long Shadow" name a feral posthuman girl Weena, but she could not be more different from Wells' 'little doll of a creature': she is covered in fur and stinks 'like a monkey cage'. Dog- and leopard-rats, ungulate-rabbits, elephant-pigs, eagle-passerines, whale-seabirds, and hadrosaur-ungulates may have been inspired by After Man: A Zoology of the Future, which includes rat descendants adapted to fill the niches of extinct carnivorans, an elephant-like pig descendant, and a fully marine penguin similar to a baleen whale.
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Evolution / int_c75df49a	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_c75df49a
Evolution / int_c7a56f9e	type	The Symbiote
Evolution / int_c7a56f9e	comment	The Symbiote: In "The Kingdom of the Rats", the borametz trees have adapted to live symbiotically alongside colonies of ants, termites and eusocial posthumans, which stores their seeds and plant new trees when conditions are good in exchange for feeding on the trees' sap. The narration notes that this will prove to be a very efficient system, and that the borametz trees will eventually outcompete most other plants. The inhabitants of New Pangaea took the principle of cooperation and sharing to its extremes to survive in the dying Earth. The descendant of the borametz Tree cannot survive without the insects that bring nutrients to its roots, and the mammals who bring it water, food, and salt, and plant its seeds. Even its leaves belong to another plant. Likewise, the symbiotes cannot have survived without the tree, which shelters them from predators and climate, and feeds them with its sap.
Evolution / int_c7a56f9e	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_c7a56f9e	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_cb3adcb7	type	Kill It with Ice
Evolution / int_cb3adcb7	comment	Kill It with Ice: The very last polar dinosaurs are slowly frozen to death by Antarctica's glaciation.
Evolution / int_cb3adcb7	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_cb3adcb7	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_d6de6609	type	In Harmony with Nature
Evolution / int_d6de6609	comment	In Harmony with Nature: Zigzagged with the early humans who believed they were living in harmony with nature by hunting animals lightly. In other words, they were driving their prey to extinction by killing the animals at a time when they were vulnerable, by selectively killing off the young, by disrupting habitats and by taking out key components of the food web.
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Evolution / int_d75754fc	type	Antlion Monster
Evolution / int_d75754fc	comment	Antlion Monster: The rat-mouths of New Pangaea, descendants of rodents, live in underground holes and catch their food by waiting for an unlucky animal to fall into their maw.
Evolution / int_d75754fc	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_d75754fc	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_dd7cfe55	type	Apophenia Plot
Evolution / int_dd7cfe55	comment	Apophenia Plot: Mother is one of the first humans to develop an understanding of cause and effect, and a lifetime spent cogitating about complex causal chains eventually leads her to believe that there is a direct intent behind everything. Even if one doesn't know the specific mechanisms by which something happened, nothing happens by chance — after all, just because an antelope skewered by a spear doesn't see the hidden hunter, its death was still planned and determined by a hidden intelligence. As the story puts it, she essentially becomes the first conspiracy theorist. This is portrayed as a mixed blessing overall — while it leads her to becoming incredibly paranoid and deluded (she sees possible traitors everywhere, and murdered her own aunt out of a belief that she caused the illness that killed Mother's son), it also allows her to create relatively complex technology, develop sophisticated survival strategies, and order her tribal society in a manner much more complex than her less mentally adept tribemates could.
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Evolution / int_dd7cfe55	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_dd8deee1	type	Xenofiction
Evolution / int_dd8deee1	comment	Xenofiction: Only a few chapters are about humans, while the rest follow the lives of a variety of nonhuman, prehuman and posthuman animals.
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Evolution / int_dd8deee1	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_e0309d03	type	Slave Race
Evolution / int_e0309d03	comment	Slave Race: 31,000 years ago, humans co-exist with the last Neanderthals, but despise them, call them 'boneheads', treat them no better than vermin and have reduced them to pack-animals to haul their sleds.
Evolution / int_e0309d03	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_e0309d03	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_e0904aa4	type	No Party Like a Donner Party
Evolution / int_e0904aa4	comment	No Party Like a Donner Party: During their unintended journey from Africa to South America, the hungry anthros are forced to eat their own dead so the living won't starve to death.
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Evolution / int_e0904aa4	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_e6558beb	type	Artistic License â€“ Space
Evolution / int_e6558beb	comment	Artistic License â€“ Space: While it's true the Sun gets more luminous with time and that increasing luminosity will mess so much with Earth's climate that will cause the eventual extinction of life and loss of oceans much before it goes into red-giant mode, the Sun that will shine 500 million years in the future, when the last chapter of the book takes place, will not be very different of the current one in size and luminosity and not the ferocious one Baxter describes, at least if stellar evolution models are right, even if luminous enough to begin affecting life.
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Evolution / int_e6558beb	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_e8e56799	type	Blue-and-Orange Morality
Evolution / int_e8e56799	comment	Blue-and-Orange Morality: Through the book, actions of infanticide, rape and genocide of other tribes and people are given the motivation of survival and passing the genes to the next generation, with all its cold logic explained.
Evolution / int_e8e56799	featureApplicability	1.0
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Evolution / int_eaf5a1ac	type	Groin Attack
Evolution / int_eaf5a1ac	comment	Groin Attack: Solo bites off a testicle from the Notharctus troop's alpha male, the Emperor. Fortunately, they seem to have much a lower pain threshold in that particular part of their anatomy than humans.
Evolution / int_eaf5a1ac	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_eaf5a1ac	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_eb8f64a6	type	No Good Deed Goes Unpunished
Evolution / int_eb8f64a6	comment	No Good Deed Goes Unpunished: A Neanderthal known as the Old Man looks after Jahna and her brother when they are cut off from a hunting party in a snowstorm. Does his hospitality result in gratitude and reconciliation with the skinnies? No, his generosity is rewarded by the children's father only with a brutal death.
Evolution / int_eb8f64a6	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_eb8f64a6	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_ef60bed2	type	To the Future, and Beyond
Evolution / int_ef60bed2	comment	To the Future, and Beyond: The Framing Device is set in the near future of 2031; after that, the last chapters are set farther and farther in the future — an unspecified age at least a millennium away, thirty million years in the future, and 500 million years in the future.
Evolution / int_ef60bed2	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_ef60bed2	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_efd11fe3	type	A Dog Named "Dog"
Evolution / int_efd11fe3	comment	A Dog Named "Dog": Three of the first protagonists of the story are a Purgatorius named Purga, a Plesiadapis named Plesi and a Notharctus named Noth. Purga's nemesis in the first chapter is a Troodon named Wounding Tooth (which is what Troodon means in Greek). Of course, none of these characters actually call themselves by names; they are simply labels used by the story to refer to them.
Evolution / int_efd11fe3	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_efd11fe3	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_f32d85ab	type	20 Minutes into the Future
Evolution / int_f32d85ab	comment	20 Minutes into the Future: Baxter starts the frame story in the year 2031 (twenty-eight years after the novel's publication) with civilisation at its apex, yet simultaneously threatened by the damage it has done to the ecosystem that supports it.
Evolution / int_f32d85ab	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_f32d85ab	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_f32d85ab
Evolution / int_f5eda11	type	Mix-and-Match Critters
Evolution / int_f5eda11	comment	Mix-and-Match Critters: The world thirty million years in the future is full of these: rat-leopards, rat-cheetahs, mouse-raptors, elephant-men, mole-men, rabbit-gazelles, goat-elephants, duck-billed goats, finch-eagles, cormorant-cetaceans and so on. Strictly speaking, however, these are simply animals that have evolved to closely resemble other, extinct lineages, rather than being actual chimeras of different creatures.
Evolution / int_f5eda11	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_f5eda11	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_f9c17447	type	The Remnant
Evolution / int_f9c17447	comment	The Remnant: "The Last Burrow" depicts the Antarctica ecosystem 55 million years after the Cretaceous impact, where small lemming-like primates compete with the last non-avian dinosaurs to have survived the Cretaceous impact, including the descendants of Muttaburrasaurus, Leaellynasaura and Allosaurus, with a Koolasuchus thrown in somewhere. In "The Kingdom of the Rats", Eastern Africa is the last place where the animalistic posthumans exist, which in turn are the last primates. In most of the world, they were outcompeted and driven to extinction by the increasingly dominant and diverse rodents; Eastern Africa, which had rifted off from the rest of the continent before the rodent radiation fully took place, was the only place where they had enough time to adapt into new niches and compete efficiently with the rodents when these eventually arrived there as well.
Evolution / int_f9c17447	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_f9c17447	featureConfidence	1.0
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Evolution / int_fd94c4ac	type	Theme Naming
Evolution / int_fd94c4ac	comment	Theme Naming: The chapters set in the human era link a diverse set of protagonists named Ja-ahn, Ejan, Jo-on, Jahna, Juna and Joan Useb over a period of tens of thousands of years.
Evolution / int_fd94c4ac	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_fd94c4ac	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_fd94c4ac
Evolution / int_ffd816e7	type	Everything Trying to Kill You
Evolution / int_ffd816e7	comment	Everything Trying to Kill You: For Purga, Plesi and Remembrance, life is nasty, brutal and short. In "Kingdom of the Rats", Remembrace escapes her homicidal cousins in the trees, runs into a giant rat on the forest floor, and escapes into the treetops only to be plucked by a giant finch. The savage landscape of the selfish gene is their habitat.
Evolution / int_ffd816e7	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_ffd816e7	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_ffd816e7
Evolution / int_name	type	ItemName
Evolution / int_name	comment
Evolution / int_name	featureApplicability	1.0
Evolution / int_name	featureConfidence	1.0
Evolution	hasFeature	Evolution / int_name
Evolution / int_name	itemName	Evolution

The following is a list of statements referring to the current page from other pages.

Evolution	hasFeature	Absurdly Dedicated Worker / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Alas, Poor Yorick / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Alien Sky / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Ambiguous Time Period / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Antlion Monster / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Apophenia Plot / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Ascended to Carnivorism / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Bee People / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Cockroaches Will Rule the Earth / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Colony Drop / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Double Meaning / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	English Literature / int_5ce8480e
EverythingMatters	seeAlso	Evolution
Evolution	hasFeature	Feathered Fiend / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Flying Seafood Special / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Formerly Sapient Species / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Future Imperfect / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Giant Flyer / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Grows on Trees / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Human Subspecies / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Humanity's Wake / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	In Harmony with Nature / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Invisibility with Drawbacks / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Invisible Monsters / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Just Before the End / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Legend Fades to Myth / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Lost World / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Mechanical Evolution / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Mole Men / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Mysterious Antarctica / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	One-Gender Race / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	People Farms / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	RagnarÃ¶k Proofing / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Raptor Attack / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Screaming Birth / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Slave Race / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Slept Through the Apocalypse / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Speculative Biology / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Super-Persistent Predator / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Swarm of Rats / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	T. Rexpy / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	The Dung Ages / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	The Fair Folk / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	The Fog of Ages / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	The Symbiote / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	To the Future, and Beyond / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Toothy Bird / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Tribal Face Paint / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	Xenofiction / int_5ce8480e
Evolution	hasFeature	You Dirty Rat! / int_5ce8480e

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