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Jo Gar

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Jo Gar
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Jo Gar, the Island Detective—a Filipino Hardboiled Detective—was the subject of a number of short stories written by pulp author Raoul Whitfield (sometimes under the pseudonym Ramon Decolta), beginning in February 1930, as part of his work for the pulp magazine Black Mask.Jo Gar is described as a languid, brown Filipino man, with a trace of Spanish blood—his name is implied to be shorthand for "José Garcia"—who solves cases from his office near Escolta Streetnote a short commercial thoroughfare long reputed as Manila's colonial-era Wall Street, in the heart of the busy, Eastern-Western port-city mélange that is Manila, then (as with the whole Philippines) part of the U.S. colonial empire. The series is notable in this regard: namely, that it's one of the very short, and very obscure, list of fictional or dramatic works produced by Americans about the colonial empire that many of them denied having—a huge contrast to all the Englishmen who wrote about The Raj, as well as the rest of The British Empire, at its height.Despite the setting, the series is almost completely unknown in the Philippines itself. It's not much better known within the U.S. proper either, overshadowed as Whitfield was by the likes of his contemporaries, Dashiell Hammett and Raymond Chandler, among others.
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 Jo Gar / int_10a6623b
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Fair Cop
 Jo Gar / int_10a6623b
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Fair Cop: Lt Sadi Ratan, the late Juan Arragon's replacement. He's always described as tall, very handsome, and filling out his white duck/drill uniforms well.
 Jo Gar / int_10a6623b
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Jo Gar / int_10a6623b
 Jo Gar / int_1300dc5c
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Inspector Lestrade
 Jo Gar / int_1300dc5c
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Inspector Lestrade: Lt Sadi Ratan often comes closest. Lt Juan Arragon is a more helpful example. Jo Gar often outsmarts them both.
 Jo Gar / int_1300dc5c
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 Jo Gar / int_1c5002bc
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The Stoic
 Jo Gar / int_1c5002bc
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The Stoic: Jo Gar never shows much of any emotion, never seems to raise his voice much, and always replies to people calmly, politely, or tonelessly. He sometimes grins, but that's about it.
 Jo Gar / int_1c5002bc
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 Jo Gar / int_2207b002
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Ambiguously Brown
 Jo Gar / int_2207b002
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Ambiguously Brown: It's clear that he's Filipino, but it's always strongly implied that Jo Gar had Spanish blood in the mix. Finally confirmed by him in "Diamonds of Death"—the ambiguity would be in just how mixed his blood is.
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 Jo Gar / int_290dfb99
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Chandler American Time
 Jo Gar / int_290dfb99
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Chandler American Time: Same era, roughly speaking, but shifted a few timezones ahead, and across the Pacific, to America's only major colonial possession. It's not entirely clear what exact years the stories take place in. Whitfield was last in Manila around the time of The Great War (1914–18), and there are subtle references in some of the stories that could date them more specifically: e.g., the mention of a "Spanish bridge" over the Pasig, which could be referring to the Puente de España (Bridge of Spain), which washed out in a storm in that half-decade and was replaced by 1922 with the American, neoclassical-style, Jones Bridge, a block west. At first glance the stories could be set anytime between the early 1910s and late 1930s—nearly the whole span of formal American colonial rule—absent more specific information.
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 Jo Gar / int_318d4432
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Tropical Island Adventure
 Jo Gar / int_318d4432
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Tropical Island Adventure: Some of the stories go beyond the city of Manila and into more directly island settings, plus there's a story set in Honolulu. (Hawai'i, by the way, was also a direct U.S. colony in this era, not yet a statenote which technically makes some Charlie Chan stories actually U.S. colonial fiction as well, since Chan's actually based in Honolulu, though in most stories he rarely stays there or in Hawai'i itself.)
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Jo Gar / int_318d4432
 Jo Gar / int_33029735
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Dies Wide Open
 Jo Gar / int_33029735
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Dies Wide Open: This being serial crime fiction, it's no surprise encountering corpses that hadn't had the time to close their eyes. Many such murder victims in the stories are explicitly described with blank, open-eyed death stares.
 Jo Gar / int_33029735
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Jo Gar / int_33029735
 Jo Gar / int_330826ca
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Latin Land
 Jo Gar / int_330826ca
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Latin Land: This being set in the middle of American colonial rule in the Philippines proper, a lot of cultural holdovers from the Spanish colonial era stuck around. A lot of locals obviously have Hispanic names, and are presumably Catholic despite little mention of local religious practices or traditions overall in the series (there are barely any funeral scenes for one, Catholic or otherwise, despite all the deaths). The local climate's tropical, and alternates on a whim between steaming summers and blustery typhoons, except in the cooler mountainous regions like Baguio, hill station for American colonial troops. Gratuitous Spanish occasionally crops up in phrases and signages, and a lot of Spanish-era architecture and buildings have stuck around as well. Even Jo Gar himself is confirmed to have at least some Spanish blood in his otherwise-Filipino genes.
 Jo Gar / int_330826ca
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 Jo Gar / int_347e35d6
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Grim Up North
 Jo Gar / int_347e35d6
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Grim Up North: Jo Gar once has to solve an officer's murder in Baguio, the cool northern-Philippine hill station for U.S. colonial officers. Climate-wise, compared to the near-deadly Manila tropical heat, Baguio's coolness is actually a good thing (which is why U.S. officers go up there in the first place), but one of them being murdered up there is grim enough.
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Jo Gar / int_347e35d6
 Jo Gar / int_4aaffbd5
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I Never Said It Was Poison
 Jo Gar / int_4aaffbd5
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I Never Said It Was Poison: In "Signals of Storm", the Englishman Harnville exposes himself this way when he inadvertently admits to knowing that the knife aimed at Jo Gar was thrown from an area with palm trees.
 Jo Gar / int_4aaffbd5
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Jo Gar / int_4aaffbd5
 Jo Gar / int_51dc66f6
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Hardboiled Detective
 Jo Gar / int_51dc66f6
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Hardboiled Detective
 Jo Gar / int_51dc66f6
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Jo Gar / int_51dc66f6
 Jo Gar / int_596f675a
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Smoking Is Cool
 Jo Gar / int_596f675a
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Smoking Is Cool: Jo Gar is never seen without at least Once an Episode chain-smoking locally made, brown-paper cigarettes. Of course, nearly everyone else in this era would probably be smoking too, long before the dangers of cigarettes were discovered, but naturally Jo Gar is the most frequently depicted smoker.
 Jo Gar / int_596f675a
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 Jo Gar / int_63cad64b
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Threatening Shark
 Jo Gar / int_63cad64b
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Threatening Shark: Major Jones' Karmic Death in "West of Guam" for killing Capt. Lintwell. He jumps overboard, whether as suicide or as desertion isn't exactly clear, but the waters around the troopship Thomas are teeming with them.
 Jo Gar / int_63cad64b
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Jo Gar / int_63cad64b
 Jo Gar / int_64b46855
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Chinese Laborer
 Jo Gar / int_64b46855
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Chinese Laborer: If there are Chinese store-owners, there are certainly these. Escolta (and within it, Jo Gar's office) are part of the Binondo district, the world's oldest-surviving Chinatown (outside China, of course).
 Jo Gar / int_64b46855
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 Jo Gar / int_6bda9a30
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Meaningful Name
 Jo Gar / int_6bda9a30
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Meaningful Name: With Unfortunate Implications in the mix—the direct killer of Carmen Carejo in "Red Hemp" is her father's houseboy Malo—Spanish for "bad".
 Jo Gar / int_6bda9a30
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 Jo Gar / int_8ed5c6e4
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Asshole Victim
 Jo Gar / int_8ed5c6e4
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Asshole Victim: Capt. Lintwell in "West of Guam" may be one, as he was known to romance other officers' wives.
 Jo Gar / int_8ed5c6e4
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 Jo Gar / int_9aebded4
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Mighty Whitey and Mellow Yellow
 Jo Gar / int_9aebded4
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Mighty Whitey and Mellow Yellow: American Parker and Filipina Carmen Carejo, the latter the (strangled) victim of "Red Hemp", although Carmen is described as " mestiza", though it's never specified if that means Spanish or Chinese or some other blood in the mix.
 Jo Gar / int_9aebded4
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 Jo Gar / int_9df1477
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The Exotic Detective
 Jo Gar / int_9df1477
comment
The Exotic Detective: A mixed-race detective (Filipino, so mostly Asian, but with Spanish blood), operating in an alternately hot or stormy, seedy but busy multicultural metropolis, on the other side of the world from the West, in the Asian tropics of a colonial empire whose existence most Americans would either ignore or deny outright, around the time of the Roaring Twenties.
 Jo Gar / int_9df1477
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 Jo Gar / int_a15a08a7
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Fingerprinting Air
 Jo Gar / int_a15a08a7
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Fingerprinting Air: Averted in "Signals of Storm". Jo Gar narrowly misses a knife attack, and upon closer inspection he notices the knife handle had been wrapped in grass blades—which would make fingerprinting virtually impossible.
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 Jo Gar / int_a4be7043
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Da Chief
 Jo Gar / int_a4be7043
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Da Chief: Arnold Carlysle, Chief of the Manila Police Department, and Lt Juan Arragon's superior.
 Jo Gar / int_a4be7043
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 Jo Gar / int_a4ecfcbf
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Dead Partner
 Jo Gar / int_a4ecfcbf
comment
Dead Partner: It's not a backstory event, and they're not quite exactly partners in the sense of being coworkers, as one's a Private Detective and the other's a cop, but Lt. Juan Arragon, Jo Gar's Friend on the Force, goes down during the Von Loffler diamond heist (which had also already claimed several lives before his) in "Diamonds of Dread".
 Jo Gar / int_a4ecfcbf
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 Jo Gar / int_a6c69bd
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MacGuffin
 Jo Gar / int_a6c69bd
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MacGuffin: Various, including the ten Von Loffler diamonds in the six-story arc from "Diamonds of Dread" to "Diamonds of Death".
 Jo Gar / int_a6c69bd
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 Jo Gar / int_a7aef9ff
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Obfuscating Stupidity
 Jo Gar / int_a7aef9ff
comment
Obfuscating Stupidity: Jo Gar sometimes engages in this to get information out of others. One American captain lampshades this tendency of his in "West of Guam": In the same story, Pvt. Burker, who pretends to be fairly dumb about his way on a ship (referring to the forward as "up front", for instance), but who's been a seaman for nearly a decade. He does this as an accomplice to Major Jones in the latter's murder of Capt. Lintwell.
 Jo Gar / int_a7aef9ff
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Jo Gar / int_a7aef9ff
 Jo Gar / int_b034d333
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Film Noir
 Jo Gar / int_b034d333
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Film Noir: Well, noir fiction.
 Jo Gar / int_b034d333
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Jo Gar / int_b034d333
 Jo Gar / int_b9d334b2
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Aerith and Bob
 Jo Gar / int_b9d334b2
comment
Aerith and Bob: Set in the Philippines, in particular in the international port city of Manila, so of course—Spanish names, local-language Filipino names, Anglo-American names, non-Spanish continental European names (German, Dutch, French among others), Chinese names, the occasional Japanese or Malay name, you name it.
 Jo Gar / int_b9d334b2
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Jo Gar / int_b9d334b2
 Jo Gar / int_c2676b00
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Jurisdiction Friction
 Jo Gar / int_c2676b00
comment
Jurisdiction Friction: Jo Gar sometimes comes into conflict over cases with Sadi Ratan, the late Juan Arragon's replacement, who Jo Gar can sense rather dislikes him in a way Arragon didn't. They push and pull over a case in "The Siamese Cat", for example.
 Jo Gar / int_c2676b00
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 Jo Gar / int_c4942576
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Cunning Linguist
 Jo Gar / int_c4942576
comment
Cunning Linguist: As deemed necessary by the diversity of characters he deals with, Jo Gar knows several languages at least at a conversational level: English, Spanish, Tagalog, Chinese (though which dialect is unspecified, and he's said to be not very good at it), Japanese, and even Malay. It's entirely possible he might know more than one Chinese dialect or Filipino language as well, but it's not specified.
 Jo Gar / int_c4942576
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 Jo Gar / int_cbaa9102
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Signature Headgear
 Jo Gar / int_cbaa9102
comment
Signature Headgear: Jo's pith helmet (see page image for one possible rendering of this). Other times he wears a Panama hat (think Charlie Chan).
 Jo Gar / int_cbaa9102
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 Jo Gar / int_d0a09849
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Feeling Oppressed by Their Existence
 Jo Gar / int_d0a09849
comment
Feeling Oppressed by Their Existence: A lot of white characters make no secret of their racism—in particular towards the Chinese, many of whom they distrust and address as "Chinks". Some are positively fuming about Chinese houseboys especially when the latter get implicated in murders or thefts that affect the white men themselves.
 Jo Gar / int_d0a09849
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 Jo Gar / int_d2b18a18
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Holiday in Cambodia
 Jo Gar / int_d2b18a18
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Holiday in Cambodia: The urban, partly-Westernised/Latinised variant in colonial Manila.
 Jo Gar / int_d2b18a18
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Jo Gar / int_d2b18a18
 Jo Gar / int_e263ae1
type
Inscrutable Oriental
 Jo Gar / int_e263ae1
comment
Inscrutable Oriental: A lot of times Jo's face can be patently unreadable, especially to Westerners. It usually means he's thinking deeply on something. He's often also described as speaking in a toneless manner.
 Jo Gar / int_e263ae1
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 Jo Gar / int_e2a6ebc1
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Closed Circle
 Jo Gar / int_e2a6ebc1
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Closed Circle: "West of Guam" takes place on a troop transport in the middle of the Pacific—"west of Guam", naturally—so obviously the killer of Capt. Lintwell had to be onboard, since no one seems to have jumped.
 Jo Gar / int_e2a6ebc1
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Jo Gar / int_e2a6ebc1
 Jo Gar / int_e2cd1428
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Widow's Weeds
 Jo Gar / int_e2cd1428
comment
Widow's Weeds: Clara Landon in "Enough Rope"; for her husband, Gary, who was found hanging over the Pasig from a bridge. This also qualifies her for … Little Black Dress: Clara Landon (as just stated above), and there's also Rosa Jetmars, one of the accomplices in the Von Loffler diamond heist, whom Jo Gar closely watches while on the Cheyo Maru ship bound for Honolulu and then San Francisco.
 Jo Gar / int_e2cd1428
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Jo Gar / int_e2cd1428
 Jo Gar / int_e75d1aee
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Friendly Local Chinatown
 Jo Gar / int_e75d1aee
comment
Friendly Local Chinatown: Not particularly friendly (given the genre), but Jo Gar's office just off the Escolta is located within walking distance of Binondo, the world's oldest Chinatown. Lots of villainous or shady Chinese characters abound, but there are innocent and helpful ones as well, mostly servants or tradesmen.
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Jo Gar / int_e75d1aee
 Jo Gar / int_e933b1f7
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Follow That Car
 Jo Gar / int_e933b1f7
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Follow That Car: A common technique in Jo Gar's playbook, though when he's in Manila, a lot of times he also follows carromatas or calesas (small, local, Spanish-era horse-drawn carriages), often riding in them himself.
 Jo Gar / int_e933b1f7
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Jo Gar / int_e933b1f7
 Jo Gar / int_e9a97564
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Evil Wears Black
 Jo Gar / int_e9a97564
comment
Evil Wears Black: Rosa Jetmars, one of the Von Loffler diamond heist accomplices.
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 Jo Gar / int_e9f517e1
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Artistic License – Geography
 Jo Gar / int_e9f517e1
comment
Artistic License – Geography: A minor one: in several stories, Cavite is described as an island. Whitfield might've been referring to Sangley Point, a peninsula connected to the rest of Cavite province (itself situated on the main island of Luzon) by a narrow road, giving it almost the appearance of an island.
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Jo Gar / int_e9f517e1
 Jo Gar / int_eb251937
type
Dirty Cop
 Jo Gar / int_eb251937
comment
Dirty Cop: Señor Ferraro, the titular "Man in White" from the story of the same name, once of the Philippine Constabulary, is involved in the Von Loffler / Rainbow diamond theft, and the ensuing murders. He functioned as a sort of inside man with the Constabulary whilst his accomplices pulled off the crime. He's not the mastermind though, and it appears he used to do good work with the police prior to the Von Loffler diamond case.
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 Jo Gar / int_f005bd1c
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Friend on the Force
 Jo Gar / int_f005bd1c
comment
Friend on the Force: Lt. Juan Arragon.
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 Jo Gar / int_fc3f3cf3
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Little Black Dress
 Jo Gar / int_fc3f3cf3
comment
Little Black Dress: Clara Landon (as just stated above), and there's also Rosa Jetmars, one of the accomplices in the Von Loffler diamond heist, whom Jo Gar closely watches while on the Cheyo Maru ship bound for Honolulu and then San Francisco.
 Jo Gar / int_fc3f3cf3
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 Jo Gar / int_ffad4e9f
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Shown Their Work
 Jo Gar / int_ffad4e9f
comment
Shown Their Work: Whitfield was actually in the Philippines for a time; his father worked as an accountant for the colonial government in Manila. This personal connection to the islands made him far more knowledgeable about Manila's customs, locations, and characters than many other Americans (who, unlike their counterparts in most other colonial empires, were not generally inclined to visit as much, at least partly because trips there risked the stigma of invoking "American Empire" criticisms).
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The following is a list of statements referring to the current page from other pages.

 Jo Gar
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Film Noir / int_58da3166
 Jo Gar
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Hardboiled Detective / int_58da3166