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Mass

418 statements
82 feature instances
6 referencing feature instances

Mass	type	TVTItem
Mass	label	Mass
Mass	page	Mass
Mass	comment	Mass is a 1976 novel by Filipino novelist F. Sionil José, the third in order of writing, and chronologically the fifth and last instalment, of his acclaimed Rosales Saga novels, so named for the provincial Philippine town, in Pangasinan province, where he grew up.Sequel to The Pretenders, which covers the story of Antonio "Tony" Samson, Mass follows his bastard son, José, aka Pepe, as he lives in the Manila slums and tries to eke out a college education for himself. Pepe is not a particularly ambitious or overachieving young man, and this grates on his blood relations, who are often given to comparing him to his uncle-cum-illegitimate father Tony, who with their help managed to get into Harvard and eventually marry into the Philippine upper class. Pepe tries to do his best in school, largely to please his relatives, but much of what he really wants to do is eat, see movies, and have sex, not necessarily in that order.Meanwhile, Philippine society in general (and Manila in particular) is spiralling into political upheaval; it is the late 1960s, the run-up to the declaration of Martial Law, and the spectre of dictatorship looms over the country. The upper classes are no help, having only become richer and more avaricious, and freely collaborating with foreign interests—especially American ones—in order to protect their own amidst the slowly boiling anger of the masses. In the middle of it all, Pepe finds himself thrust into the epicentre of this social storm, joining popular protests against the Filipino version of the Estates-General, but confronting existential crises of his own as he, too, develops feelings for an upper-class woman, even if she's also down there with him in the barricades.Compare Dekada '70, another novel about growing up during the Martial Law regime, though this time mostly in Tagalog, covering the lives of a whole family instead of one guy, and covering the era of the actual regime itself (Mass only covers the years leading up to the declaration of Martial Law in 1972). Fun fact: Lualhati Bautista, its author, translated Mass into Filipino, as shown in the page image.
Mass	fetched	2023-05-11T10:26:56Z
Mass	parsed	2023-05-11T10:26:56Z
Mass	isPartOf	DBTropes
Mass / int_1282bf4f	type	No Celebrities Were Harmed
Mass / int_1282bf4f	comment	This makes him possibly a No Celebrities Were Harmed version of Real Life Huk leader Luis Taruc (their names even sound similar).
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Mass / int_135d58f9	type	Man of Wealth and Taste
Mass / int_135d58f9	comment	Man of Wealth and Taste: Juan Puneta always stays elegantly-dressed, preferring to wear classy white suits even in the heat.
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Mass / int_141a6acb	type	Madness Mantra
Mass / int_141a6acb	comment	Madness Mantra: Tia Nena’s “My Luis … my Victor …”—referring to her sons, whom she lost nearly a couple decades earlier.
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Mass / int_141a6acb	featureConfidence	1.0
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Mass / int_16178c64	type	Gratuitous Spanish
Mass / int_16178c64	comment	Gratuitous Spanish: As with his father before him, Pepe encounters this a lot, particularly in the haunts of the Filipino oligarchy in Pobres Park and beyond. He decides to learn Spanish from Fr. Jess and Tia Nena partly to impress Betsy. Knowing Spanish is also how he catches Juan Puneta red-handed.
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Mass / int_1b596e24	type	The Beard
Mass / int_1b596e24	comment	The Beard: Straight Gay Juan Puneta has a wife and 3 children.
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Mass / int_1ba17583	type	The Ghost
Mass / int_1ba17583	comment	The Ghost: Senator Reyes, a key figure in The Pretenders who often talks with Pepe’s father, is largely missing in Mass, as is Don Manuel Villa, Tony’s former boss and father-in-law, who isn’t mentioned at all except that a) he built the conglomerate Betsy’s dad works for; and b) he’s old and senile.
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Mass / int_1d029135	type	Fictional Document
Mass / int_1d029135	comment	Fictional Document: Pepe’s essay, Memo to Youth. His father’s dissertation, The Ilustradosnote referring to the wealthy and educated Filipino upper classes, frequently of mixed origins, also features.
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Mass / int_21d47bb7	type	Nouveau Riche
Mass / int_21d47bb7	comment	Nouveau Riche: The de Jesus family. Betsy’s father Ben got his start as an executive at the Villa Development Corporation. Pepe is a very small-scale version of this after he starts selling drugs, and later earns money writing for the school paper in Recto. Another small-scale example in drug lord Kuya Nick.
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Mass / int_24e82330	type	Inner City School
Mass / int_24e82330	comment	Inner City School: Pepe’s university at Recto, in a sense; it’s smack in the middle of hot, smelly, poverty-stricken, and crime-infested metropolitan Manila.
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Mass / int_28cd01ca	type	Disappeared Dad
Mass / int_28cd01ca	comment	Disappeared Dad: Tony Samson, though Pepe knows all along he’s dead.
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Mass / int_2a8a7ea6	type	Bury Your Gays
Mass / int_2a8a7ea6	comment	Bury Your Gays: Pepe shoots Juan Puneta dead.
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Mass / int_306b9de9	type	Electric Torture
Mass / int_306b9de9	comment	Electric Torture: Tarzan shocks Pepe in the balls while White Sidewall interrogates him.
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Mass / int_34dd5f3	type	La RÃ©sistance
Mass / int_34dd5f3	comment	La Résistance: The Brotherhood, which organises demonstrations against Marcos and the rest of the Filipino oligarchy.
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Mass / int_355007c3	type	Brilliant, but Lazy
Mass / int_355007c3	comment	Brilliant, but Lazy: Pepe, especially in his early school years.
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Mass / int_3618ebb9	type	TheSixties
Mass / int_3618ebb9	comment	The '60s: The setting of the novel marks the beginning of the end of postwar Philippine prosperity—these are the last years of the Third Republic, with all its corrupt and irresponsible "democracy", and Martial Law and the Marcos dictatorship are just around the corner. The '70s: 1970 is a canon date as it's specified on Toto's grave as the year he died.
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Mass / int_38f1a7ed	type	Defector from Decadence
Mass / int_38f1a7ed	comment	Defector from Decadence: Father Jess, who comes from an elite landed family in Negros province in the Visayas, gave it all up to minister to the poor in Tondo, and explicitly shuns the readily-available family resources he could've used to build a "rich-people church", complete with a convento with a giant fridge. Betsy de Jesus also counts in a way for even daring to join the student activists in the barricades—and with genuine sentiment at that—despite being from an oligarchic (albeit Nouveau Riche) Pobres Park family.
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Mass / int_40bb59d0	type	Blatant Lies
Mass / int_40bb59d0	comment	Blatant Lies: Pepe says his Auntie Bettina bought his expensive watch. Truth is he earned it as a drug pusher.
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Mass / int_40cbee83	type	Wretched Hive
Mass / int_40cbee83	comment	Wretched Hive / Holiday in Cambodia: Urban Manila, esp. the districts of Antipolo Street, Tondo, and Recto/Quiapo. Pepe repeatedly refers to these places as “the asshole of the world”, and full of drudgery and crime—in fact it’s here he meets druglord Kuya Nick.
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Mass / int_4508b16b	type	The Guards Must Be Crazy
Mass / int_4508b16b	comment	The Guards Must Be Crazy: The village security guards who allow Pepe in and out of Pobres Park not suspecting him of being capable of committing a crime, let alone murdering Juan Puneta. He leaves disguised as “another houseboy going to market”.
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Mass / int_537dd8fe	type	Affably Evil
Mass / int_537dd8fe	comment	Affably Evil: Juan Puneta.
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Mass / int_5539b84f	type	Corrupt Church
Mass / int_5539b84f	comment	Corrupt Church: Father Jess withholds nothing in his criticisms of the "church of the rich people", with its ostentatious, airconditioned cathedral buildings.
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Mass / int_59aee78a	type	Class Clown
Mass / int_59aee78a	comment	Class Clown: Pepe can be this when it matters. He uses a funny campaign speech to get him elected class president.
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Mass / int_5e2e55e4	type	The Casanova
Mass / int_5e2e55e4	comment	The Casanova / Really Gets Around: Pepe has sex with lots of girls. He's even called “Toro”, as in a bull.
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Mass / int_5fcedca	type	Big Eater
Mass / int_5fcedca	comment	Big Eater: Pepe really loves his siopao, mami, fried chicken and other things. Food is one of his big expenses whenever he gets money.
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Mass / int_6116ca8d	type	Hellhole Prison
Mass / int_6116ca8d	comment	Hellhole Prison: Both the detention centre in some undisclosed location where Pepe gets incarcerated/detained, interrogated, and tortured, and then later, Old Bilibid, aka the City Jail, where he's transferred before finally being released.
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Mass / int_61321e1	type	Unusual Chapter Numbers
Mass / int_61321e1	comment	Unusual Chapter Numbers: The chapters have no numbers; they’re just phrases, often ones about overthrowing the oligarchy or fomenting revolution.
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Mass / int_643659d4	type	Spit Take
Mass / int_643659d4	comment	Spit Take: One way of interpreting what implicitly happened when Pepe once served as an altar boy, drank all the church wine, and hurriedly replaced it with a cane liquor that fermented too much and went sour. (Some details are omitted which could qualify this for Noodle Incident.)
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Mass / int_64974814	type	Philosophical Novel
Mass / int_64974814	comment	Philosophical Novel
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Mass / int_68424916	type	Eating the Eye Candy
Mass / int_68424916	comment	Eating the Eye Candy: Juan Puneta goes ogling half-naked men in saunas.
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Mass / int_6a2d1b1a	type	Rebel Leader
Mass / int_6a2d1b1a	comment	Rebel Leader: Ka Lucio, who gives Pepe and Toto advice on effective activism, is a retired one; he used to fight in the Huk army ("Huk" = short for Hukbong Magpalaya ng Bayan, or "People's Liberation Army"), which fought for the masses' rights against the Filipino elites and their American backers. This makes him possibly a No Celebrities Were Harmed version of Real Life Huk leader Luis Taruc (their names even sound similar).
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Mass / int_6bda9a30	type	Meaningful Name
Mass / int_6bda9a30	comment	Meaningful Name: Lampshaded by Pepe himself in the very first sentence: “My name is Samson.” He has long hair like the biblical Samson. Punny Name as well as this apply to Juan Puneta, whose last name could be a typo of the Spanish-Filipino curse “puñeta/punyeta” (and this is most likely intentional on FSJ’s part).
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Mass / int_6d7026fa	type	Punny Name
Mass / int_6d7026fa	comment	Punny Name as well as this apply to Juan Puneta, whose last name could be a typo of the Spanish-Filipino curse “puñeta/punyeta” (and this is most likely intentional on FSJ’s part).
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Mass / int_6d89ad1a	type	The Ophelia
Mass / int_6d89ad1a	comment	The Ophelia: Tia Nena, who keeps trying to look for her two sons, always calling them by name.
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Mass / int_744e3311	type	Police Brutality
Mass / int_744e3311	comment	Police Brutality: The Metrocomnote Philippine Constabulary Metropolitan Command break up the Plaza Miranda demonstration. Toto is killed by a Metrocom bullet in the fray.
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Mass / int_758c3034	type	Prison Rape
Mass / int_758c3034	comment	Prison Rape: At one point during his imprisonment Pepe is transferred to the old City Jail in Manila, where he's lumped in with common criminals. One of the big crooks there oils him down and quickly sodomises him.
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Mass / int_76db0ef5	type	Slobs Versus Snobs
Mass / int_76db0ef5	comment	Slobs Versus Snobs: Comes to much more of a head in here than in The Pretenders, since Pepe becomes an activist and sides with the student demonstrations against Marcos and the Filipino oligarchy. The climax in fact comes when he murders a stereotypical rich man.
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Mass / int_792bb47a	type	Heroic Bastard
Mass / int_792bb47a	comment	Heroic Bastard: Pepe.
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Mass / int_7a17d1ca	type	Eagleland
Mass / int_7a17d1ca	comment	Eagle Land: Mostly Type 2 considering American support of the would-be dictator Marcos and their huge military bases in the country. Ka Lucio does raise a Type 1 exception by pointing out to Pepe and Toto that the U.S. bases provide thousands of local jobs at the very least.
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Mass / int_7fb81c9d	type	Strawman U
Mass / int_7fb81c9d	comment	Strawman U: Type “Berserkeley”, or rather UP, but a less prestigious or quality equivalent in Pepe’s unnamed Recto university, stereotyped as a “diploma mill” and radical activist hotbed. In some ways it's like a university version of an Inner City School, but with less crime and more student protests.
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Mass / int_808316b6	type	Politically Motivated Teacher
Mass / int_808316b6	comment	Politically Motivated Teacher: Professor Hortenso.
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Mass / int_830f2f0e	type	Police State
Mass / int_830f2f0e	comment	Police State / Just Before the End: In hindsight, the declaration of Martial Law in the Philippines is a Foregone Conclusion. The novel is set at most a couple of years before the actual beginning of Martial Law, but already human rights abuses are brutal and rampant, including violent riot dispersals, warrantless arrests, detention without trial, torture (electric or otherwise), and enforced disappearances.
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Mass / int_83b44e80	type	Straight Gay
Mass / int_83b44e80	comment	Straight Gay: Juan Puneta. He's not campy, is strong and masculine-looking, and dresses elegantly mainly because of income. Also crosses with The Dandy. May border on Manly Gay as well.
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Mass / int_8411ab92	type	Red Oni, Blue Oni
Mass / int_8411ab92	comment	Red Oni, Blue Oni: Another way to put it. Generally speaking, Pepe is the Red to Tony's Blue.
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Mass / int_87bb6874	type	Villain with Good Publicity
Mass / int_87bb6874	comment	Villain with Good Publicity: Juan Puneta.
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Mass / int_8841192a	type	Like Father, Unlike Son
Mass / int_8841192a	comment	Like Father, Unlike Son / Contrasting Sequel Main Character: Pepe’s father Tony Samson is a well-travelled scholar who finished in Harvard, is characterised as deeply thoughtful and is often lost in his philosophical wanderings, gains wealth and status by marrying into a wealthy elite family, has guilt issues over having a child with Emy after marrying Carmen—and dies by suicide, even when he had everything most people could want. Pepe, meanwhile, remains lower-class and has bad grades, goes to a (stereotypically) fifth-rate school in Recto, never ventures abroad throughout the novel, stays to work with the masses, is earthy and jocular in personality and enjoys having sex with numerous women (without marrying anyone—except a “false honeymoon” with Betsy), and isn’t ambitious in the usual sense but has a fierce survival instinct that precludes him from considering suicide, even when it would be expected of him in his poverty. Also, he has long hair. Ideologically, Tony is more like the ilustrados he writes about; Pepe is more like the revolutionary Katipuneros, esp. the more working-class ones. Also, Tony gets adopted into a wealthy Sta Mesa suburb—a Pobres Park forerunner—but kills himself in the Antipolo Street railway slums. Pepe is ill-at-ease in Pobres Park and even kills a rich resident. (He himself is shot dead much later, around 1992, in first act of the play Balikbayan, aptly titled The Passing of Pepe Samson.) Red Oni, Blue Oni: Another way to put it. Generally speaking, Pepe is the Red to Tony's Blue.
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Mass / int_8b568cb7	type	Posthumous Character
Mass / int_8b568cb7	comment	Posthumous Character: Antonio Samson, Pepe’s father/uncle. Also Carmen Villa, Tony’s widow and Pepe’s stepmother, who we learn followed Tony to the grave barely a year later.
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Mass / int_8d990694	type	It's Always Sunny at Funerals
Mass / int_8d990694	comment	It's Always Sunny at Funerals: Toto’s, but like Tony’s in the prequel, the focus is again on the heat.
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Mass / int_8e5c0199	type	Egomaniac Hunter
Mass / int_8e5c0199	comment	Egomaniac Hunter: Juan Puneta. He is Peninsular Spanish by blood, he’s got tiger-skins on his floor and has an elephant gun.
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Mass / int_954ad71c	type	Evil Colonialist
Mass / int_954ad71c	comment	Evil Colonialist: Despite the Philippines' nominal "independence", American neocolonial influence still casts a long shadow, most prominently with the enormous military bases still in the country and their support of Marcos' soon-to-be dictatorship. Occupiers Out of Our Country: The protests Pepe and the Brotherhood organise and participate in therefore have a very anticolonialist character even within a supposedly "sovereign" nation.
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Mass / int_970c8a84	type	Big Fun
Mass / int_970c8a84	comment	Big Fun: Father Jess, sometimes. He's big and heavy, often positive in demeanour, and open and expressive around Pepe.
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Mass / int_98a79aed	type	Occupiers Out of Our Country
Mass / int_98a79aed	comment	Occupiers Out of Our Country: The protests Pepe and the Brotherhood organise and participate in therefore have a very anticolonialist character even within a supposedly "sovereign" nation.
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Mass / int_9cad69bf	type	Depraved Homosexual
Mass / int_9cad69bf	comment	Depraved Homosexual: Juan Puneta, although the “depraved” and “homosexual” parts are largely unrelated.
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Mass / int_9f2cad9a	type	Landslide Election
Mass / int_9f2cad9a	comment	Landslide Election: Pepe for class president—50 votes in a class of 60.
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Mass / int_a7850fbf	type	Only Known by Their Nickname
Mass / int_a7850fbf	comment	Only Known by Their Nickname: Pepe’s torturers—Tarzan, Chicken, and White Sidewall.
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Mass / int_a822e80e	type	Lit Fic
Mass / int_a822e80e	comment	Lit Fic
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Mass / int_ad641426	type	Trademark Favorite Food
Mass / int_ad641426	comment	Trademark Favorite Food: Siopao (a Chinese-style meat bun) for Pepe.
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Mass / int_ae3d6438	type	Deadpan Snarker
Mass / int_ae3d6438	comment	Deadpan Snarker: Pepe, especially when running for class president.
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Mass / int_b1e8a3b3	type	Coming of Age Story
Mass / int_b1e8a3b3	comment	Coming of Age Story
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Mass / int_b3f4b615	type	Raging Stiffie
Mass / int_b3f4b615	comment	Raging Stiffie: Shooting off guns gives Juan Puneta a hard-on.
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Mass	hasFeature	Mass / int_b3f4b615
Mass / int_b4c406a6	type	Death by Despair
Mass / int_b4c406a6	comment	Death by Despair: Strongly implied to have killed Carmen Villa. Her last days are spent in a sanatorium and she is described as being deaf and very thin. (Pepe only hears about this from his relatives, though, as she died several years prior.)
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Mass / int_b5b4bd37	type	The Don
Mass / int_b5b4bd37	comment	The Don: Kuya Nick, Tondo's neighbourhood crime boss.
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Mass / int_bafbff8f	type	Tom the Dark Lord
Mass / int_bafbff8f	comment	Tom the Dark Lord: Kuya (Big Brother) Nick, The Don of the Manila slums.
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Mass / int_c3286b8e	type	Uptown Girl
Mass / int_c3286b8e	comment	Uptown Girl: Betsy de Jesus, Ben’s daughter.
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Mass / int_ca87e3ec	type	No Name Given
Mass / int_ca87e3ec	comment	No Name Given: Pepe’s Recto university.
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Mass / int_cbe687ab	type	Corrupt Corporate Executive
Mass / int_cbe687ab	comment	Corrupt Corporate Executive: Juan Puneta. Also Ben de Jesus, though largely by association, as exactly what he gets up to as the Villa Development Corporation's managing director is never specified. Partly justifiable, since the novel is from Pepe's point of view.
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Mass / int_d03fc3f1	type	Good Shepherd
Mass / int_d03fc3f1	comment	Good Shepherd: Father Jess, a Catholic priest of the Liberation Theology school.
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Mass / int_d4efe0d	type	Character Narrator
Mass / int_d4efe0d	comment	Character Narrator: Pepe.
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Mass / int_d4efe0d	featureConfidence	1.0
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Mass / int_db38d6ca	type	Torture Technician
Mass / int_db38d6ca	comment	Torture Technician: Tarzan uses an Electric Torture device on Pepe.
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Mass / int_dffd6a64	type	Glad-to-Be-Alive Sex
Mass / int_dffd6a64	comment	Glad-to-Be-Alive Sex: Pepe does this with Lily at the Colonial massage salon after he’s released from detention. Interestingly enough, he didn’t start it; Lily did—he only wanted help with his “emotional problems”.
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Mass / int_e543a655	type	Light Is Not Good
Mass / int_e543a655	comment	Light Is Not Good: Juan Puneta, who constantly wears white suits and presents himself in public as an amiable philanthropist.
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Mass / int_e5467735	type	Expy Coexistence
Mass / int_e5467735	comment	Expy Coexistence: Recto Avenue exists in the Rosales-verse, and Senator Reyes is the in-universe Expy of the real-life nationalist politician Claro M. Recto, for whom the avenue is named. In the play Dong-Ao, Sen. Reyes also explicitly says that Recto was one of his colleagues.
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Mass / int_e6775fbe	type	Old Money
Mass / int_e6775fbe	comment	Old Money: Juan Puneta inherited millions and is scion to a family of businessmen and philanthropists. It’s not explicitly stated that he or his ancestors own land, however.
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Mass / int_e866f3b8	type	Puppet State
Mass / int_e866f3b8	comment	Puppet State: A lot of the novel revolves around Pepe's (Truth in Television) perception that the Philippines basically is this to the United States.
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Mass / int_ea35fda5	type	Bastard Bastard
Mass / int_ea35fda5	comment	Bastard Bastard: how Pepe sees himself—he thinks he’ll never measure up to his father Tony.
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Mass / int_eaf5a1ac	type	Groin Attack
Mass / int_eaf5a1ac	comment	Groin Attack: Pepe’s Electric Torture.
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Mass / int_eb41a151	type	GangsterLand
Mass / int_eb41a151	comment	Gangster Land: Tondo. Even with a far smaller national population in the era the novel is set in, this northern, portside Manila district is already notorious as an overpopulated den of poverty and violent crime.
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Mass / int_ee9877ea	type	Too Good for This Sinful Earth
Mass / int_ee9877ea	comment	Too Good for This Sinful Earth: Toto, altar boy and seminarian-in-training, is shot dead in a radical Manila demonstration at the tender age of 19.
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Mass / int_f0f03464	type	TheSeventies
Mass / int_f0f03464	comment	The '70s: 1970 is a canon date as it's specified on Toto's grave as the year he died.
Mass / int_f0f03464	featureApplicability	1.0
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Mass / int_f511ea9b	type	Product Placement
Mass / int_f511ea9b	comment	Product Placement: Betsy’s yellow Volkswagen Beetle, Kuya Nick’s green Mercedes 220.
Mass / int_f511ea9b	featureApplicability	1.0
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Mass / int_f96f188c	type	Drives Like Crazy
Mass / int_f96f188c	comment	Drives Like Crazy: One of Pepe’s heroin customers invites Pepe for a drive, floors it and crashes into a tree. Amazingly both survive, though the customer is dazed and presumably still high.
Mass / int_f96f188c	featureApplicability	1.0
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Mass / int_ff733f60	type	Chubby Mama, Skinny Papa
Mass / int_ff733f60	comment	Chubby Mama, Skinny Papa: Betsy’s wealthy parents. They were like this since The Pretenders.
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