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Nínay

299 statements
58 feature instances
3 referencing feature instances

Nínay	type	TVTItem
Nínay	label	Nínay
Nínay	page	Ninay
Nínay	comment	Nínay: Costumbres filipinas (in English, "Nínay: Filipino Customs"), is a very obscure and forgotten 1885 Spanish-language novel by the Filipino ilustrado (intellectual), polymath, author-ethnographer, and later diplomat and politician, Pedro Paternonote though published under his second given name, Alejandro. It was primarily composed during the midpoint of his long, 2-decade stay in Madrid, during what would turn out to be the last quarter-century of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines, which began some 300 years prior.note Paterno actually returned home to the Philippines around 1882–83—the likely prompt for him to start working on Nínay, if he hadn't begun it before his trip home.Because Paterno was unlucky enough to escape arrest and Public Execution by the colonial government (yes, he was unluckier alive than dead), and lived long enough to see himself become a "villain" in Philippine history, since he preferred to negotiate with colonial agentsnote of both Spain and the United States—Paterno lived long enough to wind up negotiating with American colonisers after 1897, and became a local politician under the U.S. colonial regime a decade later rather than criticise or fight them, his Nínay has been almost completely overshadowed by a certain other Filipino novel duology produced in that same period, but that doesn't mean it can't stand on its own merits.For one, contrary to popular belief, Nínay came out first. It is actually the first known Filipino novel, written by an actual native instead of by some visiting or resident foreigner or coloniser. (It even beat out the said duology to publication by two years: it came out in 1885, whilst the latter had to wait until 1887 and 1891.)Secondly, while it presents no serious or overt criticisms of colonial rule, that may not have been its point—rather, it seeks to elevate Filipino cultures and customsnote at least, the Catholic-lowlander and primarily Tagalog-speaking cultures in and around Manila (as indicated by the subtitle) to equal standing with Spanish and other Western cultures. The logic goes that if Philippine native cultures are seen as equal to Hispanic/Western cultures, they are thus worthy of imperial and global attention and representation, and thus—if implicitly—warrants the granting of equal rights to the native Filipino people, something which the Spanish colonisers were simply not willing to grant before or since. In other words, Paterno was in some way arguing for better Filipino representation in metropolitan Spanish media and literature, a campaign that may sound very familiar to people of colour feeling left-out of mainstream Hollywood productions today.Nínay is named after, and centres around, its—spoiler alert!—deceased protagonist, Antonina "Nínay" Milo y Buisan, whose funeral opens and frames the exploration into the charmed, if tragic, life she lived.The whole first edition can be read online, for free, here. The sole known English translation, made in 1907, is available here.note However, it removes Paterno's informative footnotes, appendices, and even the couple of baybayin (native Tagalog script) samples he included in the Spanish original.
Nínay	fetched	2023-11-15T10:46:51Z
Nínay	parsed	2023-11-15T10:46:52Z
Nínay	processingComment	Dropped link to TheAeneid: Not a Feature - ITEM
Nínay	isPartOf	DBTropes
Nínay / int_1e1afc1b	type	Framing Device
Nínay / int_1e1afc1b	comment	Framing Device: The exploration into the deceased Nínay's life is framed within her nine-day wake, in Tagalog called a pasiyamnote in the novel spelled "pasiám". There are nine chapters, each covering one day of the pasiyam in real time, and through it all, indio (native) visitor Taric is orally recounting Nínay's life to the Audience Surrogate.
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Nínay / int_2200d9ec	type	Engineered Heroics
Nínay / int_2200d9ec	comment	Engineered Heroics: Pilar convinces Federico to have Don Evaristo framed and arrested—and then swoop in to "save" him, making Federico seem the hero in Nínay's eyes so that in theory she'll turn her affections to him—and leave Carlos open for Pilar who is crushing on him too. Bad enough, if not for Federico then also going after Carlos himself, thus having Pilar's scheme backfire on her.
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Nínay / int_26ec9be2	type	Cheerful Funeral
Nínay / int_26ec9be2	comment	Cheerful Funeral: Despite much grieving and weeping by the long funeral procession when Nínay is initially buried, the whole pasiyam that follows is marked more as a "celebration of life" for the deceased, with lots of food, donations and gifts given to Nínay's next-of-kin hosting the whole affair, and a long list of her family and friends to come together and share stories about (though not limited to) the deceased.
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Nínay / int_26ec9be2	featureConfidence	1.0
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Nínay / int_2cac89cf	type	The Ingenue
Nínay / int_2cac89cf	comment	The Ingenue: The eponymous Nínay, naturally, as well as Loleng, Berto's late girlfriend.
Nínay / int_2cac89cf	featureApplicability	1.0
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Nínay / int_2d363f63	type	Frame-Up
Nínay / int_2d363f63	comment	Frame-Up: A frequently used political weapon in this novel, most prominently with Federico Silveyro getting the authorities to arrest innocent Don Evaristo, Nínay's dad, and to hold this over Nínay herself until she gives in to his advances. It's unjust enough that we are never told exactly what the charges (however false) against Don Evaristo are, at least the first time, though later he's charged with complicity in an uprising or riot in Fort Santiago (the Manila dungeon for colonial political prisoners), and then with that, is banished to exile, where he ultimately dies.note Likely Don Evaristo was exiled in the Marianas, the group of Pacific islands also part of the Spanish Philippines but separate from the modern Philippine nation-state, a fate that befell Pedro Paterno's own father in Real Life. Perhaps its best-known island is the also Spanish-then-American colony of Guam, where Philippine revolutionaries like Apolinario Mabini were later also deported, but by then by Americans. Clear My Name: Averted, since we never do see either Don Evaristo or Carlos directly try to fight their wrongful accusations.
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Nínay / int_2de495bb	type	Missing Child
Nínay / int_2de495bb	comment	Missing Child: During their pilgrimage-cum-vacation up in Antipolo, one of Nínay's family's friends, Doña Paz, lets slip how her daughter Loleng went off while the two were bathing in a river, supposedly to pick some flowers, but never came back. The mother has been drawn to tears and nearly to madness trying to find her ever since. (We find out later she eloped with Berto but didn't survive their harrowing escape from what are implied to be colonial authorities on the Silveyros' payroll.)
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Nínay / int_2df4fa08	type	Omniglot
Nínay / int_2df4fa08	comment	Omniglot: Downplayed, but Nínay is said to know four languages: besides Spanish and Tagalog, she also knows English and Chinese.
Nínay / int_2df4fa08	featureApplicability	1.0
Nínay / int_2df4fa08	featureConfidence	1.0
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Nínay / int_2e032e41	type	Latin Lover
Nínay / int_2e032e41	comment	Latin Lover: Although the main cast are largely already Hispanicised at least in culture and religion to begin with, the Portuguese father-and-son Silveyros count as the closest example, being foreigners from a hub of the Latin European world, both with designs on the native-Filipino (or at least mestizo) protagonists.
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Nínay / int_318d4432	type	Tropical Island Adventure
Nínay / int_318d4432	comment	Tropical Island Adventure: Life in the Philippines (the specific island being Luzon) in general is presented as this: a romanticised, idyllic experience with local indigenous and Hispanicised culture on full display. In Chapter/Day 8 of the Pasiyam, narrator Taric retells how Carlos Mabagsic, Nínay's beloved and fiancé, leaves Manila and is shipwrecked on another, distant island, where he discovers an indeterminate indigenous tribe (it's meant to be a fictional mashup and has inherited cultural influences from India, among other things).
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Nínay / int_330826ca	type	Latin Land
Nínay / int_330826ca	comment	Latin Land: Much is made of how Catholic-lowlander Filipino society has seamlessly incorporated Spanish influences, and being under direct Spanish rule in this time period, the colony literally counts as this.
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Nínay / int_34f8042a	type	Gratuitous French
Nínay / int_34f8042a	comment	Gratuitous French: Some of the footnotes reproduce long, untranslated citations from French primary sources.
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Nínay / int_36135fb0	type	Official Couple
Nínay / int_36135fb0	comment	Official Couple: Nínay and Carlos Mabagsic, the novel's central couple.
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Nínay / int_3bc88a7f	type	Foregone Conclusion
Nínay / int_3bc88a7f	comment	Foregone Conclusion: It'll only ever be ironic to call Nínay's death a spoiler, given her whole life story is recounted during her funeral.
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Nínay / int_3d5377e5	type	First-Person Peripheral Narrator
Nínay / int_3d5377e5	comment	First-Person Peripheral Narrator: The nameless, ultimate narrator who gets the whole story from Taric, who himself (though largely written-about in third person) counts for not really being involved in the actual plot involving either Nínay or Carlos.
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Nínay / int_4814d132	type	Big Fancy House
Nínay / int_4814d132	comment	Big Fancy House: The main and named characters being almost all from wealthy elite native families, naturally their homes are all some variant on this: Nínay's own house is described to be the biggest in the riverside Sta Ana district of Manila, or pretty damn close. These would be in Tagalog called bahay na bato ("stone houses", though usually only the lower levels were stone to accommodate earthquake risk), and often combine indigenous, Chinese and Spanish influences in ornate packages.
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Nínay / int_49d59be9	type	Scenery Porn
Nínay / int_49d59be9	comment	Scenery Porn
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Nínay / int_4b9fa3a	type	Taking the Veil
Nínay / int_4b9fa3a	comment	Taking the Veil: Convinced that Carlos is dead, long after he escaped Manila and (unbeknownst to her) ran aground on Tik's island, Nínay decides to retreat into a convent, foreshadowing what a much more famous Filipina maiden would also be shown doing in a certain nationally-consecrated novel that would come out two years after Nínay's publication. Clearly this was already a common trope in Hispanic literature at the time.
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Nínay / int_50b9b3d0	type	Crazy Jealous Guy
Nínay / int_50b9b3d0	comment	Crazy Jealous Guy: Federico goes so far as to have Carlos Wrongly Accused—just like with Don Evaristo prior—just so Federico has no obstacles in having Nínay all to himself. Framing Carlos wasn't even in the plan Pilar helped him cook up to get Nínay to fall for him in the first place.
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Nínay / int_5941d75	type	Beta Couple
Nínay / int_5941d75	comment	Beta Couple: Berto and Loleng, at least while the latter was alive.
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Nínay / int_5977de6c	type	Write What You Know
Nínay / int_5977de6c	comment	Write What You Know: Paterno was from one of the most elite native-Filipino (albeit with significant Chinese ancestry) families in the colonial Philippines, and so his characters almost all reflect that kind of socioeconomic background as well.
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Nínay / int_5e260ea6	type	Conveniently an Orphan
Nínay / int_5e260ea6	comment	Conveniently an Orphan: Carlos is introduced right when his father died and left him a sumptuous fortune. Ditto with Pilar who enters the story just as her own father is dying, imploring Don Evaristo, his old friend and Nínay's father, to take her in in the process (thus giving Nínay an adoptive sister).
Nínay / int_5e260ea6	featureApplicability	1.0
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Nínay / int_5fcb9ad1	type	Time Skip
Nínay / int_5fcb9ad1	comment	Time Skip: Between Chapters/Days 8 and 9 of the Pasiyam, three years pass in which Carlos is stuck on Tik's tropical island, whilst Nínay, believing him dead with no way for either of them to contact the other, refuses all other suitors and retreats into a convent.
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Nínay / int_66755d29	type	Author Avatar
Nínay / int_66755d29	comment	Author Avatar: … a stand-in for Paterno himself, who actually went back to the Philippines for a short period in 1882–83, presumably around the time he was working on Nínay. Like him, the narrator describes himself as having left for abroad in childhood and only now returned to his native country.
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Nínay / int_67d947a3	type	Nubile Savage
Nínay / int_67d947a3	comment	Nubile Savage: Yes, Tik is described as being quite exotically attractive, but Carlos oddly enough finds little interest in her that way, since he's still fretting about how to get back to Manila and hence to Nínay.
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Nínay / int_6977c45e	type	Purple Prose
Nínay / int_6977c45e	comment	Purple Prose: Quite likely this is the case for the Spanish original though this would've been expected in 19th-century literature; this is evident even in the rare English translation. Long and lavish descriptions of local settings and emotional exhortations suffuse the whole novel.
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Nínay / int_75bfffd4	type	Bat Scare
Nínay / int_75bfffd4	comment	Bat Scare: Carlos disturbs a flock of bats when he goes into the cave of Doña Geronima off the Pasig rivernote on the north bank, bordering Pasig City, near where C-5 avenue is today, and is named for the mythical woman who inhabited it when spurning the advances of a Spanish-colonial archbishop. Inside is where Berto the bandit is burying his dead girlfriend Loleng, which Carlos helps him with.
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Nínay / int_7919a45b	type	Duel to the Death
Nínay / int_7919a45b	comment	Duel to the Death: How Berto finally kills Federico. Classic style with sabres for weapons.
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Nínay / int_7e081ea0	type	Slice of Life
Nínay / int_7e081ea0	comment	Slice of Life: Helped along by the long footnotes, the novel serves to show general everyday family and love life of an elite subsection of late-Spanish-era Filipino society.
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Nínay / int_8ace85ef	type	Audience Surrogate
Nínay / int_8ace85ef	comment	Audience Surrogate: The nameless, primary narrator who opens the prologue, and is shown to the house where Nínay's memorial service is under way. He can also be read as …
Nínay / int_8ace85ef	featureApplicability	1.0
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Nínay / int_8b568cb7	type	Posthumous Character
Nínay / int_8b568cb7	comment	Posthumous Character: Nínay, who else. The whole book is like a Happier Home Movie of her. Then again, practically all the named cast is dead by the time Taric is narrating their stories. The first named character to die (apart from parents who died in the backstory) is Loleng, whom Taric's audience (and by extension, the Real Life readers) only ever hear of from others, primarily her suffering mother and her boyfriend Berto.
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Nínay / int_95c2a9dd	type	Outliving One's Offspring
Nínay / int_95c2a9dd	comment	Outliving One's Offspring: Loleng's long-suffering mother Doña Paz is not returned to in-story after her distraught account of her daughter running away to elope with Berto, but pretty soon afterward we witness Loleng's death via Carlos stumbling upon Berto burying her after their exhausting run from colonial authorities.
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Nínay / int_96144372	type	Aristocrats Are Evil
Nínay / int_96144372	comment	Aristocrats Are Evil: This isn't presented as an issue of class, since the main cast are also primarily from wealthy, elite Manila families, but the foreign(ish) Federico Silveyro, heir to a landowning family (specifically the Portuguese capitalist Don Juan Silveyro), and Carlos' rival for Nínay's affections, comes off as this.
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Nínay / int_a07afea2	type	Random Events Plot
Nínay / int_a07afea2	comment	Random Events Plot
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Nínay / int_a2484b0e	type	The Beautiful Elite
Nínay / int_a2484b0e	comment	The Beautiful Elite: Nínay, of course, is described as near-angelically beautiful.
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Nínay / int_a3912d0e	type	Sexy Discretion Shot
Nínay / int_a3912d0e	comment	Sexy Discretion Shot: This being a 19th-century novel, direct references to sex would be out of the question, but just how close Nínay and Carlos might get is alluded to in a heated embrace that segues into a self-censored extended ellipsis over fifty periods long or so.
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Nínay / int_a8559a9f	type	RealLife
Nínay / int_a8559a9f	comment	Then again, practically all the named cast is dead by the time Taric is narrating their stories. The first named character to die (apart from parents who died in the backstory) is Loleng, whom Taric's audience (and by extension, the Real Life readers) only ever hear of from others, primarily her suffering mother and her boyfriend Berto.
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Nínay / int_a8a5e4ed	type	Christianity Is Catholic
Nínay / int_a8a5e4ed	comment	Christianity is Catholic: Albeit already Filipinised to an extent. The Virgin of Antipolo, a version of Mary enshrined in an upland province east of Manila, is a constant focus of pilgrimages-cum-vacations by Nínay's family and friends.
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Nínay / int_aebae11c	type	Viewers Are Morons
Nínay / int_aebae11c	comment	Viewers Are Morons: Why else the extensive Footnote Fever? Paterno makes great show of introducing to his presumed readership the vast array of traditional Filipino customs in and around Manila, and citing numerous third-party sources to define native terms and at least give the impression of scholarly legitimacy to his descriptions.
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Nínay / int_b20fdfc8	type	Ur-Example
Nínay / int_b20fdfc8	comment	Ur-Example: Of the Filipino-authored novel. Nínay is the first known novel by a Filipino of primarily native ancestry, rather than by a peninsular or insular (Philippine-born) Spaniardnote in this period, the term "Filipino" literally meant this insular-born Spaniard class, instead of indigenous and all other native-born, or any other foreigner for that matter.
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Nínay / int_b4c406a6	type	Death by Despair
Nínay / int_b4c406a6	comment	Death by Despair: How Nínay apparently, finally dies after she witnesses Carlos' death, though the ongoing Manila cholera epidemic certainly can't have helped (and is what in fact kills Carlos).
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Nínay / int_bc3cb7ff	type	Clear My Name
Nínay / int_bc3cb7ff	comment	Clear My Name: Averted, since we never do see either Don Evaristo or Carlos directly try to fight their wrongful accusations.
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Nínay / int_bec0417c	type	Happily Married
Nínay / int_bec0417c	comment	Happily Married: Nínay's parents, Don Evaristo and Doña Carmen, love each other dearly, and together with their innocent daughter make up one small happy family. It pains mother and daughter greatly to no end when Don Evaristo is Wrongly Accused and taken away from them.
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Nínay / int_c23525d4	type	Character Title
Nínay / int_c23525d4	comment	Character Title Protagonist Title
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Nínay / int_c41114f6	type	Year X
Nínay / int_c41114f6	comment	Year X: The novel literally opens with this sentence: "In 18… the cholera wrought havoc in Manila."
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Nínay / int_c75df49a	type	Shout-Out
Nínay / int_c75df49a	comment	Shout-Out: To The Aeneid, when Carlos sailing home from Tik's island is compared to Aeneas sailing for (the future) Rome and leaving Dido.
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Nínay	hasFeature	Nínay / int_c75df49a
Nínay / int_c76f81b8	type	Non-Idle Rich
Nínay / int_c76f81b8	comment	Non-Idle Rich: Nínay's family consider it a point of pride that for all the wealth they already have, they don't just live off it sitting around on their asses all day in the inviting tropical warmth. Nínay herself runs a small jewellery business along with her mother. (This was likely based on Paterno's own Real Life female relatives, many noted jewellers in Spanish-colonial Manila.)
Nínay / int_c76f81b8	featureApplicability	1.0
Nínay / int_c76f81b8	featureConfidence	1.0
Nínay	hasFeature	Nínay / int_c76f81b8
Nínay / int_ca3a6dbd	type	Informed Ability
Nínay / int_ca3a6dbd	comment	Informed Ability: Nínay is said to know four languages, but it's never explicitly described what languages she uses in all her dialogue. Presumably at least Spanish and Tagalog, since these would've been the most commonly used ones. In addition, she is described as good at painting and the piano, but the novel doesn't linger much beyond that.
Nínay / int_ca3a6dbd	featureApplicability	1.0
Nínay / int_ca3a6dbd	featureConfidence	1.0
Nínay	hasFeature	Nínay / int_ca3a6dbd
Nínay / int_caf51d25	type	Siblings Wanted
Nínay / int_caf51d25	comment	Siblings Wanted: Only child Nínay does not herself explicitly voice out a desire for siblings, but Pilar's "adoption" into her family (as Pilar herself is implied to be at the very least in her teens too) is framed as giving Nínay a sister. (Too bad Pilar then lets jealousy over Carlos drive her to ruin her adoptive sister's life.)
Nínay / int_caf51d25	featureApplicability	1.0
Nínay / int_caf51d25	featureConfidence	1.0
Nínay	hasFeature	Nínay / int_caf51d25
Nínay / int_ce27dc3f	type	Protagonist Title
Nínay / int_ce27dc3f	comment	Protagonist Title
Nínay / int_ce27dc3f	featureApplicability	1.0
Nínay / int_ce27dc3f	featureConfidence	1.0
Nínay	hasFeature	Nínay / int_ce27dc3f
Nínay / int_d05cf3f	type	Footnote Fever
Nínay / int_d05cf3f	comment	Footnote Fever: Possibly a full third of the "novel" is dedicated to intimidatingly copious footnotes, as well as four ethnographic appendices after the novel body proper, which suggests that the book is less simply a novel and more a sort-of print version of what would today be called a Mockumentary or docudrama, which combine elements of both informative description and narrative storytelling. (Neither the sole known English or Tagalog translations have included these even in translation, however.)
Nínay / int_d05cf3f	featureApplicability	1.0
Nínay / int_d05cf3f	featureConfidence	1.0
Nínay	hasFeature	Nínay / int_d05cf3f
Nínay / int_d0f0a80d	type	One-Word Title
Nínay / int_d0f0a80d	comment	One-Word Title: Not counting the parenthetical subtitle "Costumbres filipinas".
Nínay / int_d0f0a80d	featureApplicability	1.0
Nínay / int_d0f0a80d	featureConfidence	1.0
Nínay	hasFeature	Nínay / int_d0f0a80d
Nínay / int_d8573ef9	type	Screw the Rules, I Have Connections!
Nínay / int_d8573ef9	comment	Screw the Rules, I Have Connections!: Most of the named families here are some degree of influential, but even above them the Silveyros are powerful and influential enough that they can use it to threaten Loleng's family with ruin unless the latter drop Berto for their daughter's hand.
Nínay / int_d8573ef9	featureApplicability	1.0
Nínay / int_d8573ef9	featureConfidence	1.0
Nínay	hasFeature	Nínay / int_d8573ef9
Nínay / int_d8a81f59	type	Starts with Their Funeral
Nínay / int_d8a81f59	comment	Starts with Their Funeral: Not so much just starts as forms the Framing Device for the novel. Nínay's memorial service is attended by many family and friends, and this is a pretext to revisit her life and her relationships.
Nínay / int_d8a81f59	featureApplicability	1.0
Nínay / int_d8a81f59	featureConfidence	1.0
Nínay	hasFeature	Nínay / int_d8a81f59
Nínay / int_e21faf11	type	Friend to All Living Things
Nínay / int_e21faf11	comment	Friend to All Living Things: To birds and flowers, at least, since Nínay cares for several delicate native songbirds (whose species are fully described in the footnotes) and spends much of her time puttering around in her family's Edenic garden.
Nínay / int_e21faf11	featureApplicability	1.0
Nínay / int_e21faf11	featureConfidence	1.0
Nínay	hasFeature	Nínay / int_e21faf11
Nínay / int_e596f27b	type	Star-Crossed Lovers
Nínay / int_e596f27b	comment	Star-Crossed Lovers: Loleng and Berto, due ultimately to the Silveyros coercing Loleng's family into forbidding her from seeing Berto.
Nínay / int_e596f27b	featureApplicability	1.0
Nínay / int_e596f27b	featureConfidence	1.0
Nínay	hasFeature	Nínay / int_e596f27b
Nínay / int_eaaf461f	type	National Geographic Nudity
Nínay / int_eaaf461f	comment	National Geographic Nudity: Tik, the indigenous queen of the island where Carlos is grounded on after escaping from Manila, is depicted as being topless, among other things, which also qualifies her for Nubile Savage, below.
Nínay / int_eaaf461f	featureApplicability	1.0
Nínay / int_eaaf461f	featureConfidence	1.0
Nínay	hasFeature	Nínay / int_eaaf461f
Nínay / int_ffad4e9f	type	Shown Their Work
Nínay / int_ffad4e9f	comment	Shown Their Work
Nínay / int_ffad4e9f	featureApplicability	1.0
Nínay / int_ffad4e9f	featureConfidence	1.0
Nínay	hasFeature	Nínay / int_ffad4e9f
Nínay / int_name	type	ItemName
Nínay / int_name	comment
Nínay / int_name	featureApplicability	1.0
Nínay / int_name	featureConfidence	1.0
Nínay	hasFeature	Nínay / int_name
Nínay / int_name	itemName	Nínay

The following is a list of statements referring to the current page from other pages.

Latin Land	processingUnknown	Nínay
Nínay	hasFeature	Starts with Their Funeral / int_5910679e
Nínay	hasFeature	Year X / int_5910679e

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