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Amnesiac Liar

 Amnesiac Liar
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 Amnesiac Liar
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Amnesiac Liar
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Alice has some agenda that leads her to tell a falsehood to Bob, such as introducing herself as a person named Claire. Alas, an unfortunate accident later, Alice gets Easy Amnesia! (Un)Fortunately Bob is present to tell her all she needs to know: as far as he knows she is really Claire, and having forgotten her real identity, she actually believes it. Depending on the tone of the work, hilarity and/or drama will ensue.
May also be used in a Memory Gambit by a Chessmaster to conceal their own Amnesiac Dissonance more fully, and make their lie convincing - because now, everyone involved has no reason to disbelieve it.
Compare Amnesiac Costume Identity, where Alice gets amnesia while wearing clothes that are not her own, with similar results, and Criminal Amnesiac, where Alice's amnesia causes her to believe Bob the villain when he says that she is on his side.
This trope is often used to hide a Dark Secret, Tomato in the Mirror or other Plot Twist. Beware of spoilers.
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Amnesiac Liar
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In Dark Matter (2015), none of the main characters can remember their original lives beyond what their Galactic Authority 'most wanted' profiles in the ship's database tell them and go by numbers based on order of awakening from stasis. Crewmember One is surprised to be captured and interrogated by Jace Corso in "Episode 4" because that's who he thought he was; the encounter leaves him with no idea who he actually is or why he pretended to be a notorious criminal he's somehow identical to (other than Corso having an eviler aesthetic) or why he was on the crew of the Raza.
"Episode 8" reveals the truth after the Expendable Clone made from One's genetic profile (Transfer Transit is a common way to travel via Brain Uploading to a temporary clone body in the setting) has a different face from his usual one. He was a wealthy industrialist named Derrick Moss whose wife Catherine was killed in a breaking & entering, and One's current shipmate Marcus Boone (Three) was the prime suspect. One concludes that he copied Corso's appearance through Surgical Impersonation to get close to and kill Three. Both One and Corso are played by Marc Bendavid, while Moss is played by Dan Jeannotte.
Similarly, Six is unaware at first that he was an undercover cop named Kal Varrick infiltrating the Raza for the Galactic Authority, not actually a criminal like the rest of the crew (sans Tagalog Kid Five), although in his case "Griffin Jones" was an alias fabricated for his cover and not a separate person running around.
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Memento: As quoted above, Leonard, who has anterograde amnesia, relies on a system of notes and photos, which Teddy warns him could be unreliable. Turns out Teddy was right, and among other things, Leonard tricks himself into killing Teddy even though he's not the one Leonard is looking for.
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One episode of Insecurity had JoJo develop amnesia after getting hit by Alex's car while undercover as a drug dealer's girlfriend, and said dealer convinces her that she is said girlfriend.
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Fragments: Thanks to losing his memory, Sky doesn't realize that he's actually a changeling, not a pegasus.
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In Final Fantasy VII, the protagonist Cloud Strife narrates his past to the audience and the other characters at various points throughout the game. However, it turns out that he in fact lost his own identity and was simply narrating the past of his dead friend Zack, some of whose memories he had absorbed through Jenova cells, deluding himself into believing that was his own identity.
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Another Batman example happens in the Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "The Mask of Matches Malone": a hit on the head causes the hero to believe himself to be Malone, his undercover gangster identity.
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Encrypt within the Dark, to Save the Clockwork of a Heart begins with Yusaku discovering that Ai no longer has access to his memories. As Ai had previously pretended to have been an amnesiac liar, Yusaku isn't convinced until Pandor scans Ai's biometrics, confirming that he's legitimately unable to recall anything this time.
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One Superman's Girl Friend, Lois Lane issue has Lois get into a car accident while in disguise and become convinced that she is the person she's disguised as. In an ironic twist, she winds up hating Superman and Lois Lane, while also falling in love with Clark Kent.
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In The Rookie fanfic House in Disorder Lucy suffers a blow to the head while undercover with a gang, and comes to genuinely believe she is her undercover persona as a result.
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In The Long Kiss Goodnight, Samantha is really a secret agent/spy. Because of her job, she had to lie about being together with a guy who was actually a mark; when she lost her memory, she apparently retained enough memory to believe that her last cover identity was her real name. She almost gets killed, instead being caught and tortured (and her old mentor gets killed because of this), but this torture allows her to regain her old memories and skills.
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A minor example in Smallville: during the period that Clark didn't know Chloe knew he had powers, he developed amnesia when a meteor freak accidentally erased Clark's entire memory rather than just the last few hours. Chloe talked him through his powers and told him he used them for good, but since she didn't know his origin, she assumed he was a meteor freak.
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Foxfire has Prince Zuko lose his memories, leaving him convinced that he's a simple refugee named Li.
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In Death Note, both Light and Misa lose their memories as a result of Light's Memory Gambit. Unfortunately, this also leaves Light with no idea as to why he's Misa's boyfriend, leading to severe awkwardness when L quizzes them on their feelings for each other.
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The Batman: The Animated Series episode "The Forgotten" has this happen to an undercover Bruce Wayne disguised as a homeless guy. He gets kidnapped by a greasy, overfed slavedriver who runs a mining operation, while Alfred is trying to find him. Very poignant episode, as Bruce gradually uncovers his memories and retakes his levels in badass.
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In Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Gilderoy Lockhart is a fraud who fabricated his entire career, but he successfully managed to keep the truth from getting out by generous use of memory charms on the people who actually did heroic things. When he unwisely attempts to cast another memory charm with Ron's broken wand, it malfunctions and backfires on him, giving him permanent amnesia and likely some brain damage. In the hospital he came to legitimately believe that the events in his career were true, since there was no one who knew the truth to explain to him otherwise.
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Inverted in While You Were Sleeping: When Peter wakes up from his coma, the rest of his family tells him that he's engaged to Lucy, but Peter doesn't remember her at all. So the family concludes he must have Laser-Guided Amnesia. note They aren't engaged, but Lucy had accidentally convinced his family that they were, and things escalated to the point where she couldn't set the record straight without making everything even more awkward. Peter becomes skeptical of the amnesia explanation as he realizes that he still remembers everything else about his life—but he gives up and goes along with his family anyway.
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Inverted in The Addams Family, where the man impersonating uncle Fester turns out to be the real deal, amnesiac.
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In Unknown (2006), several of the amnesiacs remember being part of the kidnapping. Jean Jacket find that the kidnappers outside recognize his voice...
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Samantha Who? practically has this trope as part of its premise, as the protagonist has trouble finding out what was actually true about her pre-amnesia life.
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Happens in at least one Mission: Impossible episode. In the new series, Shannon almost ends up marrying the villain's son.
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In Trap For Cinderella, Micky is told that her friend Domenica died in the same fire that disfigured Micky. Julia claims that she conspired with Domenica to kill Micky and have Domenica's face rebuilt to look like Micky's. Ultimately, it seems Micky was the one who survived the accident, then had her face reconstructed.
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The following is a list of statements referring to the current page from other pages.

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Memory Tropes
 Amnesiac Liar
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Truth and Lies
 Superman's Girl Friend, Lois Lane (Comic Book) / int_41bc11ce
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Amnesiac Liar
 SlothelodiousQueens
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Amnesiac Liar
 Foxfire (Fanfic) / int_41bc11ce
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Amnesiac Liar
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Amnesiac Liar
 Angel Heart (1987) / int_41bc11ce
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Amnesiac Liar
 Santa with Muscles / int_41bc11ce
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Amnesiac Liar
 The Long Kiss Goodnight / int_41bc11ce
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Amnesiac Liar
 Trap For Cinderella / int_41bc11ce
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Amnesiac Liar
 Unknown (2006) / int_41bc11ce
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Amnesiac Liar
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Amnesiac Liar
 StarBright
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Amnesiac Liar
 ThePragueCemetery
seeAlso
Amnesiac Liar
 Death Note (Manga) / int_41bc11ce
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Amnesiac Liar
 Mission: Impossible / int_41bc11ce
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Amnesiac Liar
 Samantha Who? / int_41bc11ce
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Amnesiac Liar
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Amnesiac Liar
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Amnesiac Liar
 amnesiacliar
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Amnesiac Liar
 Smallville / int_41bc11ce
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Amnesiac Liar