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Denied Parody

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You know that film/show/video game with the hilarious send-up of that major corporation, famous religion or washed-up celebrity? Well, according to the creators, that's not what it was about at all. In fact, despite the obvious similarities and paper-thin alterations that make it a clear parody, they claim it's not a parody of anything in particular.
It should be noted that the standard disclaimer "any similarity to persons living or dead..." does not constitute a denial in this case (indeed, some disclaimers now acknowledge that such names may be used fictitiously). After all, The Simpsons had a character named Bill Clinton who was President of the United States, and despite the disclaimer, it is doubtful that they were denying that it was based on the real-life person. This trope only applies when it's a specific denial.
Also, this trope does not cover situations where the denials are plausible — for example, McBain on The Simpsons could easily be a parody of the character from the Christopher Walken film McBain, if it weren't for the fact that the film was released 8 months after McBain's first appearance on The Simpsons. In this case, the denial is plausible.
This is usually due to one of two reasons:
Fear of lawsuits
A direct parody may give the authors less freedom, since all of the humorous features of the fictional thing must be based on characteristics of the thing being parodied.
No Celebrities Were Harmed can overlap with this if the caricatured version of the person was not really meant as a parody of them.
This is the Opposite Trope of Parody Retcon, in which a work that is not seen as a parody is retroactively declared one by the creators.
Compare Indecisive Parody, where due to some reason it's not really certain whether the work is a parody at all, and Poe's Law, where the confusion behind this trope tends to come from.
See also Accidental Aesop, where the work is interpreted as presenting a specific message when the creators didn't intend that one or even none at all.
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BoJack Horseman: The Stylistic Suck prestige drama Philbert was described by most reviewers as a parody of True Detective, particularly when we see the show's opening (which begins with the line 'Well, I went down to the girly club with a hot glue gun full of beans'), but the creator said that it was meant to be a parody of overly-serious, pretentious drama in general, and that seeing it as only about True Detective would be to let a lot of other shows off the hook.
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The Simpsons parodies this on a number of occasions.
Bart denies his comicbook character "Angry Dad", an Expy of The Incredible Hulk, is based on Homer, claiming instead he is a composite character, based on his dad, Lisa's dad, and Maggie's dad.
In another episode:
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The writer of Scarface (1932) denied any connection to Al Capone (whose Embarrassing Nickname was "Scarface") when confronted by some of Capone's men, insisting that it was just a work of fiction. The film was an adaptation of the novel Scarface, which was somewhat influenced by Capone.
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Community has multiple episodes where they take the normal community college setting but warp it into a paintball war film, a Law & Order style crime episode and in one of the paintball episodes they flip from a "Cowboy Theme" to a "Star Wars Theme". Meta Guy Abed specifically remarks that these are not Parodies, but are instead all a "Homage" to the theme.
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Corpse Bride features Maggot, a talking worm who lives in Emily's eye socket that's clearly a Lorre Lookalike in appearance and demeanor. Tim Burton claims he didn't even know Peter Lorre's name when he designed the character, thinking it was just a stock character made up for old Looney Tunes shorts.
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The Incredible Melting Man is an odd case where the director invoked this as a sort of reverse Parody Retcon, despite originally intending to make the movie a spoof of cheeseball sci-fi flicks, he's gone on record saying the finished product is not a spoof. The studio demanded he instead play everything as if it were a completely straight horror film, which is why the movie is such a tonally-confused mess. One doesn't even have to pay close attention to notice all the things in the movie that could have easily been Played for Laughs, yet were not.
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David Morgan-Mar will often insist that Irregular Webcomic! plotlines and characters that are clearly based on Real Life have nothing to do with them (for example, Steve Irwin and the "Steve and Terri" comics). In all fairness, it's probably sarcastic.
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James Bond:
Ever since the mid-nineties The Living Daylights has had a Denied Parody disclaimer slapped on the character of Kamran Shah. He definitely isn't based on Osama Bin Laden at all, just a generic tall, bearded, Western-educated Afghan insurgent who fights the Soviets. A closer Real Life figure to him, though (even if he wasn't based off him), would be Ahmad Shah Massoud.
While Elliot Carver from Tomorrow Never Dies looks at first glance like a thinly disguised version of Rupert Murdoch, the movie's main writer claims he was actually based on Robert Maxwell (this is supported by the cover story for Carver's death and the public's reaction to it mirroring Maxwell's fatal boat accident).
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BioShock: While the name "Andrew Ryan" is similar to "Ayn Rand", and "Atlas" is a reference to the novel Atlas Shrugged, Word of God claims that "Frank Fontaine" being a reference to The Fountainhead is just a coincidence.
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Willie Stark, the governor in All the King's Men, is widely held to be a parody of Gov. Huey Long. The author claims that this belief is "innocent boneheadedness".
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Futurama: "Weresemblebutarelegallydistinctfrom the Lollipop Guild, the Lollipop Guild!"
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When Code Geass first came out, a lot of fans believed it was a parody-slash-critique of the Bush administration and The War on Terror. When asked about this in an interview, director Goro Taniguchi denied that there was any political motivation behind the plot and said that his goal was just to make an entertaining TV show.
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The Crucible is commonly interpreted as an anvilicious commentary on a contemporary legal scare. In the case of The Crucible, that was McCarthyism, though Arthur Miller denied it at the time.
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Monster Magnet's "Space Lord" music video has a few very prominent elements in common with Mase's "Feel So Good" video, such as shots of the band driving around the Las Vegas strip, gratuitous celebrity cameos note Mase had Chris Tucker and Sean Combs, Monster Magnet had Twiggy Ramirez , and dancers in matching sparkly skimpy outfits doing cheerleader-routine-style choreography as pyrotechnics go off and the band's name scrolls across lighted signs. At the time, the band claimed that they were parodying the Glam Rap image in general and hadn't seen the Mase video until after they completed theirs - later on the director admitted that he tracked down specific locations used in the Mase video for the shoot. Of course both things could be true, if the band had come to the director with the general glam rap concept and the director decided to parody a specific video without spelling it out to them.
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It is often assumed that Tommy Carcetti in The Wire is based on former mayor of Baltimore Martin O'Malley. David Simon and the other writers claim that he's modeled after a number of obscure Baltimore politicians.
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The makers of Dead Space insist that the Church Of Unitology isn't based on the Church of Scientology. They claim that they were trying to create the archetypal cult and just happened to come up with one resembling Scientology.
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Good Night, and Good Luck., a film about McCarthyism, is widely seen as being a commentary about the legal processes for alleged unlawful combatants in Guantanamo Bay. The creators deny any such connection.
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 Good Night, and Good Luck.
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Ever since the mid-nineties The Living Daylights has had a Denied Parody disclaimer slapped on the character of Kamran Shah. He definitely isn't based on Osama Bin Laden at all, just a generic tall, bearded, Western-educated Afghan insurgent who fights the Soviets. A closer Real Life figure to him, though (even if he wasn't based off him), would be Ahmad Shah Massoud.
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While The President's Analyst was being filmed, the FBI, not pleased with their portrayal, threatened massive tax audits on the director/writer. After renaming the pertinent intelligence agencies, he added the opening disclaimer:
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Welles actually tried to get around this by including a line in the film in which a journalist makes a reference to both Kane and Hearst, thus indicating that Hearst actually exists as a separate entity in the Citizen Kane universe. In later interviews, Welles stated that Hearst along with Howard Hughes and other industrialists were certainly influences on Kane, but that Kane was never intended as a parody/critique/insult to Hearst specifically or other industrialists, it was meant as a serious exploration of an American mythical hero, the tycoon and capitalist.
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While Elliot Carver from Tomorrow Never Dies looks at first glance like a thinly disguised version of Rupert Murdoch, the movie's main writer claims he was actually based on Robert Maxwell (this is supported by the cover story for Carver's death and the public's reaction to it mirroring Maxwell's fatal boat accident).
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The boss from The Devil Wears Prada bears a striking similarity to Vogue's editor Anna Wintour, but the author maintains that she is a composite of fiction and various stories of her friends' first jobs.
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Parody Tropes
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