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Postmodernism

948 statements
182 feature instances
66 referencing feature instances

Postmodernism	type	FeatureClass
Postmodernism	label	Postmodernism
Postmodernism	page	Postmodernism
Postmodernism	comment	Postmodernism first emerged as a philosophical movement amid the ruins and tribulations of postwar Europe and stems from a general disillusionment with thirties-era modernism brought about by World War II. It was natural, and almost inevitable, that people who had suffered through the war (and the preceding Great Depression) would question the ideals of perpetual progress inherent in modernism, and that would lead to a philosophy of questioning everything in general. It has been pointed out that much post-modernist thinking originated in the countries (France, Germany) with a history of wartime devastation and in reaction to the threat of nuclear war which reared its head at the end of the war. Post-modernism in books and movies was largely a questioning on the nature of narrative and plot and characterization. An epic story with The Hero orbited by Satellite Characters was succeeded by stories with large casts with The Hero, if it is used, openly presented and critiqued as an Audience Surrogate. Essentially, authors wanted readers to be more aware of how storytelling works and interact and question it so that they become active rather than passive audiences, leading to Viewers Are Geniuses, the aversion of Small Reference Pools, and all kinds of Genius Bonus. In Europe, this was related to a growing awareness that modern democracies and totalitarian governments are too vast for any single heroic figure to resonate: WW2 wasn't won by a single great general's gambit or small heroic actions, but a Gambit Pileup so vast that the world is still trying to put it together, and ultimately the Allied Powers were too late to do anything to halt The Holocaust aside from counting the bodies and helping the survivors. After that, artists and philosophers felt that old forms of storytelling would no longer work in this new reality. The Frankfurt critic and philosopher, Theodor Adorno, famously stated that poetry was impossible after Auschwitz, which he did not mean as a literal statement but a general feeling, that was echoed and felt by many artists who felt that conventional storytelling no longer explained the tragedy and horror of the times and that any artist or philosopher who tries to come up with a "Grand Narrative" that ties everything together is either delusional or dangerous. Post-modernist narratives can be generally distinguished by their dearth of characters with large-scale agency. The actors in earth-shaking events are governments, institutions, and societies, and the story deals with the ways in which the characters do or do not fit into that broader picture. This led to all kinds of Take a Third Option in storytelling, efforts that echoed conventional pre-war genres but with a more contemporary, darker twist, the Happy Ending was often shown with Stylistic Suck or a parody, and while Downer Ending never went out of style, we now had the Gainax Ending where the story goes beyond the fate of the characters and the confines of the story, sometimes directly addressing the viewer, other times leaving them with a sense of irresolution and uncertainty, sometimes veering to True Art Is Incomprehensible levels but with the intention that audiences should think and engage with the work, however difficult it may be, as per their own experience without the story telling them what to think and how to feel. Deconstruction was developed as an independent strain in this time and post-modernism generally features a strong deconstructive aspect. In general, postmodern writing involves a blurring of boundaries. An example of this is blurring the boundary between the reader or viewer and the fiction — for example, a TV show that acknowledges that it is not real (contrast This Is Reality). However, Postmodernism can also be applied to fiction that mixes different genres into something new, such as the way that Cowboy Bebop combines western tropes with science fiction and various movie pastiches. Here, Postmodernism describes a self-referential fiction, a fiction which references other fiction, or a fiction which displays some awareness that it is a fiction. The Subverted Trope, Discredited Trope, lack of Genre Blindness, Deconstruction of conventional boundaries, and Playing With the Fourth Wall (or lack thereof) are all hallmarks of Postmodernism. Expect Mind Screw. Postmodernism is also a popular school of thought in the social sciences and humanities, largely revolving around the idea that a cogent argument doesn't necessarily have to make points that are actually true, while arguments that may "technically" be true in some sense are not necessarily either convincing or valuable. In academic disciplines, the biggest impact that Postmodernism introduced was to sever the idea of history, society, or existence, being linear and progressive (i.e. the world is going to get better and better) and that led to the popularity of Alternate History and It Began with a Twist of Fate not only in speculative fiction but also in serious works of non-fiction where people showed that a lot of things people saw in history wasn't inevitable but in large part accidental or came down to pure dumb luck. Postmodernist theorists by extended research also pointed out how the idea of society going somewhere was Newer Than They Think, based on Entertainingly Wrong assumptions that have become Dated History (a strain that is called Historicism or New Historicism). Contingency and agency became watchwords in post-modernist inspired works. Post-modernist inspired accounts insist that life is in large sense a Random Events Plot and much of what we consider the "pursuit of knowledge" is a narrative that distracts us from realizing that, drawing inspiration from Existentialism.note But differing in that existentialists insist on agency to choose and engage actively with one's ideas and views — i.e., if "the pursuit of knowledge" is not inherent in society, then it is up to humans to actively make a society that promotes knowledge knowing fully well the limitations of that choice. Postmodernism generally doesn't advocate engagement, which has led the kind of people who care about such things to accuse it of promoting nihilism. In general practice however, a lot of the serious and intellectual character of the movement tends to be too obscure or too bleak to register outside an impartial academic course. Postmodernism in certain works of fiction can often simply be about spoiling everything for everyone without having to adopt any unspoiled or easily spoilable ideas of your own, which contributes greatly to the "Huh?" factor in postmodern texts (books, films, shows, art, etc.) — they treat themselves as already didactic and spoiled, and instead attempt to generate enjoyment through the adroitness of their use of their own tropes and medium. World of Symbolism tends to come up, even when it's not necessarily obvious, so best try to have fun when Everyone Is Jesus in Purgatory. In the extremes of such instances, postmodernism becomes a posture, using irony as a defense, an attempt to dodge responsibility and more or less advocate preserving the status-quo from the comfort of learned and knowing distance. This is considered the conservative strain of postmodernism which allows it to be co-opted and adopted in a number of consumerist media. The contemporary definition of Postmodernism is extremely ambiguous, and some of the definitions are extremely metaphysical, so don't go out into the world thinking this article is all there is to the concept. That the very term "Post-modern" is inherently self-contradictory is freely acknowledged — indeed celebrated — within Postmodernism itself. Postmodernism, as a major force in criticism and academia, has also attracted a number of critics of its own. Conservatives have lambasted postmodernism for its moral relativism, while orthodox Marxists have attacked it for its lack of a grand narrative, de-emphasis of class consciousness, and acceptance of capitalism, even if postmodernism seems ambivalent toward it. Both have decried what they perceive as nihilism in the movement. Because of all of the above, postmodernism has taken on a modern reputation as deliberately opaque and pretentious, with many trying to move away from it as a means of furthering media in a more accessible direction. However, as many postmodernists will gladly point out, this only ends up furthering the ethos of postmodernism: the idea that rejecting postmodernity is in and of itself postmodern is a popular one among this school of thought. Thus, the popular academic view on postmodernism is that it is, by its very nature, an ideological ouroboros, feeding off of itself and thriving especially on people's responses to it. Consequently, because of its self-fueling nature, it's highly unlikely that postmodernism will decline anytime soon. Not to be confused with Irony, per se, although both terms have been frequently misused as such since The '90s. Interestingly, the Death of the Author is a Criticism Trope that both groups can often agree on. Modernists can claim it's possible to come to a canonical conclusion about the text regardless of the author's changing opinions, whereas postmodernists can claim that "there is nothing outside the text" and that their opinion of what the author was trying to say is equally likely to be true as their opinion of what the work itself states. Confused?. A.K.A. PoMo. Compare Dada. See also Affectionate Parody and Surreal Humor. May sometimes border onto True Art Is Incomprehensible territory. Related heavily to Medium Awareness, Breaking the Fourth Wall, No Fourth Wall, Fiction Identity Postulate (which states that all fictions are equally fictional). Compare Recursive Canon, Heavy Meta, Footnote Fever.
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Postmodernism / int_1099a6ac	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_1099a6ac	comment	All over the place in Fight Club. The Narrator and Tyler display Medium Awareness, specifically in one scene where the Narrator explains how Tyler would splice single frames of pornography into the reels of family movies, with both of them Breaking the Fourth Wall in that scene. But what gets really mind screwy with that scene is that on a rewatch of the film, you'll notice single frames of Tyler being spliced into four scenes before he is introduced properly, as the first indication that Tyler was the Narrator's Split Personality all along.
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Postmodernism / int_11c6567a	comment	The Thursday Next books embrace this to such an extent that it is the premise. Same for Barry Trotter parody novels by Michael Gerber. It's a parody which is actually a book about trying to stop a movie which turns out to be said movie which is actually revealed to be a parody of the movie written by the main character who has been watching a movie based loosely off his own life, which involved trying to stop the movie from being made. There's even a disclaimer at the back from the author, claiming that if anyone has worked out what's going on that they are to let him know at once.
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Postmodernism / int_13197c51	comment	Funny Games: A Torture Porn / Slasher film with No Fourth Wall, and Genre Savvy killers who know they're in a Torture Porn / Slasher film and break the fourth wall to attack the fandom of Torture Porn and Slasher films, showing how the suffering of their victims is is the audience's fault because Torture Porn and Slasher films are entertainment to them. They also change the outcome of the plot by using a remote control to rewind to seconds before the victims successfully fight back, and lampshade this by saying "you shouldn't have done that, you're not allowed to break the rules" meaning that the victims can never win a Torture Porn or Slasher film because that's "the rules" of the genre. Long story short, if you enjoyed it, then you didn't understand it.
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Postmodernism / int_1331990c	comment	Puella Magi Madoka Magica. Not only does the art design of the Witch's Barriers evoke references to classical art and fiction, especially Faust, but the main synopsis, and several of the episodes, such as episodes 9 and 12, brings back memories of other post-modern anime series.
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Postmodernism / int_13b6da8c	comment	Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog starts off presenting itself as the video blog of a mad scientist. Eventually it turns into a musical, but we keep on checking back in with Dr. Horrible during the first two acts as he tells his audience what's going on. In the third and final act, we get zero blogging from him and instead get a relevant newscast. The last shot, only two words long, raises unanswered questions about what the actual root state of the whole thing really is — is it a story told by the main character filtered through his perspective, a story told by the main character who recounts things accurately, a story where the main character talks a lot to the audience, a story about an Author Avatar telling a story, or a story about the main character trying to adjust for a fragmented state of mind by telling it two different ways...?
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Postmodernism / int_1409f1e9	comment	The basic premise of Real Life Comics is a character based on the cartoonist who is a cartoonist and knows he is a character in his own cartoon. At some points Greg the character gets into arguments with Greg the cartoonist about such things that his daughter was already born in real life, but he hadn't yet figured out how to draw a baby in the comic, so his comic wife is still pregnant.
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Postmodernism / int_14c681d3	comment	An Elegy for the Still-living is in many ways a story about stories. The author interferes in the plot a couple times, and the characters show signs of awareness that they are fictional. The main character eventually finds a copy of the manuscript and freaks out. He tries to fight doing what it says, but he can't help himself.
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Postmodernism / int_16cc6c87	comment	Seven Psychopaths is about a screenwriter writing a script for a movie called Seven Pschopaths and ends up meeting said psychopaths. At one point the writer says he wants his movie to be a set up for a revenge story in the first half and then have the characters go off into the desert and talk the meaning of life for the second half. He says this as he and his friends are driving out into the desert to escape one of the psychopaths.
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Postmodernism / int_18f4b8c1	comment	In the Jreg video Postpostmodernism, it shows human manifestations of Modernism, Community, (the metaphorical) God and objective Truth all hanging around and being happy. Then, Postmodernism shows up and begins killing them all one by one except Modernity, before killing itself, causing Modernism to suffer a breakdown and become Postpostmodernism and claim thus: "W...What now?" before the video abruptly ends. All of Jreg's videos could qualify as post-modernist themselves, with how much irony and meta-irony they use. Which are then taken to their logical extreme with videos like Frameworthless which are so incomprehensible and thick with meaningless meaning that they become indescribable.
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Postmodernism / int_1b7ca727	comment	The Stanley Parable is an interactive postmodern art piece dealing with the question of the player's ability to make decisions, whether that be with or against the Narrator's wishes. One of the good endings comes from following the Narrator's directions exactly, while ironically, the story shows that the player character is free from control. However, not even the Narrator himself is safe from being controlled, as other endings demonstrate.
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Postmodernism / int_1b7fda65	comment	A lot of Moore's work fit under this, especially his deconstructive parodies of superheroes in Miracleman, Watchmen, and Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow?. He has done much in exposing the often unpleasant subtext and implications of superhero fantasies and the conservative values that they end up enabling.
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Postmodernism / int_1b958797	comment	Kris Straub's Checkerboard Nightmare. A webcomic about a webcomic character trying to become famous. The Postmodernism and humor are milked for all they're worth — then milked some more.
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Postmodernism / int_21317f86	comment	Grindhouse.
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Postmodernism / int_2162a284	comment	Andrew Hussie of MS Paint Adventures loves playing with the pseudo-Interactive Fiction structure of the various series. Problem Sleuth in general has No Fourth Wall whatsoever, it disappeared completely right around the time the titular character consulted GameFAQs to get the answer to a particularly challenging puzzle. Another puzzle in Problem Sleuth was only passed by the characters reloading to a save state located after the puzzle was solved. That's right, they resorted to abusing Save Scumming in-universe.
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Postmodernism / int_21b21f35	comment	BoJack Horseman flirts with postmodernism in its early seasons and directly embodies it later. The series is fond of self-referential humor and recognition of the artifice inherent in techniques involved in showriting and the real-world impacts fiction can have on its viewers. Season 5 operates on a device which blurs the reality and unreality of BoJack's surroundings, culminating in an episode where BoJack is unable to separate his real life from a film he is acting in. The last two seasons as a whole explore the consequences of systemized abusive behavior and explores the concept of the "television anti-hero" through a deconstructionist lense. In general, the show uses many postmodern techniques, such as experimental episodes which use an abundance of multiple means of medium and animation styles, quirky self-referential musical numbers, and a variety of pop-culture references, often featuring many caricaturized parodies of real-life celebrities, who are often played by the celebrity themselves.
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Postmodernism / int_222b64ac	comment	Kurt Vonnegut's novel Slaughterhouse-Five. The story constantly references other pieces of fiction in story. The first Chapter has the Author apologizing for how the book is written. This is reasonably common in Vonnegut's works. It's taken to its logical extreme in Breakfast of Champions, in which the author, Kurt Vonnegut Jr., appears at the end of the book, is attacked by a dog from a previous novel and apologizes to one of the two main characters for making his life so miserable.
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Postmodernism / int_22fb2175	comment	Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, especially when Guildenstern "kills" the Player, and when Rosencrantz shouts "Fire!" and comments that no one is moving.
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Postmodernism / int_231b713e	comment	The O.C., while not always the most overt, serves as one of the more mainstream examples out there.
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Postmodernism / int_259fee1a	comment	Prior to Scream, Wes Craven's initial flirtations with postmodern horror produced Wes Craven's New Nightmare.
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Postmodernism / int_25f6f1a0	comment	Umineko: When They Cry. The post-Legend of the golden witch tea party alone uses a combination of Animated Actors and Breaking the Fourth Wall to produce a powerful Mind Screw when the reader realizes that not only is this all canon, everything in the preceding novel was as well. And it just keeps getting more and more meta from there.
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Postmodernism / int_261c8d3f	comment	The Simpsons has had a couple of forays into Postmodernism. They made a reference to their real-world merchandise enterprises, the 'I didn't do it' episode where they all embrace their status as one-dimensional catchphrases, a couple of episodes where they note how far along the plot is or how everything will be returned to normalcy for next week. Sometimes they call attention to the fact that they always wear the same clothes, never age, and have yellow skin... Most impressive example is the episode "Behind the Laughter," which shows these cartoon characters as actors with 'real' lives outside of their show. Also this trope might include those episodes that poke fun at the nerdiness of The Simpsons' fan community. An in-universe example has Moe remodeling his tavern into a postmodernist bar with trippy decorations such as TV screens showing moving eyeballs and lifeless bunnies hanging from the ceiling. While he attracts the attention of many VIPs, his old barflies are confused.
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Postmodernism / int_26674ed5	comment	Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, released in 2001, among all of the things it attempted, is regarded as the first fully postmodern savaging of video games, sequels, and video game players. Attacking the consumers went over exactly as well as you'd expect, though it didn't quite succeed at its goal of getting people to stop liking the Metal Gear series. See this document for a full explanation of the game's postmodern subversion of genre conventions and player expectations. See also this page for an explanation of the game's Mind Fuck of an ending, which included, among other things, telling both Raiden and the player that they are mindless puppets who do what they're told and "lack the qualifications to exercise free will."
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Postmodernism / int_2a6ee2b0	comment	Darren Nichols. Deal with THAT.
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Postmodernism / int_2a9edae	comment	The Kids in the Hall regularly broke the fourth wall, speaking directly to the audience and showing sets and props at the end or even during sketches. The Kids would often introduce themselves as themselves. One sketch even involved a comedy writer... who was living in a sketch... that he wrote.
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Postmodernism / int_2bbcacd9	comment	The above are only following in the footsteps of the original masters of Postmodernism in animation: Looney Tunes, the most famous example being "Duck Amuck", where Daffy gets in direct conflict with the episode's animator.
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Postmodernism / int_2bca217e	comment	In the musical Into the Woods, the narrator is a character of his own. He insists that he isn't part of the story, but still perishes at the hand of a character â€“ after which the story becomes quite chaotic.
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Postmodernism / int_2c9b0bb4	comment	Moonlighting attracted a lot of attention for its two main characters' constant awareness that they were in a television show, which allowed the typical detective drama setup to become quite far-fetched and goofy at times. The series ends with the show being cancelled and the set taken down.
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Postmodernism / int_30940081	comment	Grand Theft Auto V could be considered a postmodern work for its own franchise, since it deconstructs and subverts some of the archetypes and clichÃ©s of protagonists that had been used in previous installments. Furthermore, the elements of meta-analysis and intertextuality are very present here, as the game uses parody and satire to comment on pop culture and American society. The game itself mocks itself and its own conventions.
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Postmodernism / int_31a8701b	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_31a8701b	comment	The Flash: The origin of the Silver Age version of the Flash, Barry Allen, has him name himself after his favorite comic book character upon gaining his powers, which just so happened to be the Golden Age Flash, Jay Garrick. This was some 30 years before Crisis on Infinite Earths, and as such, the Silver Age comics and Golden Age comics existed in different universes.
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Postmodernism / int_31e2f05e	comment	Incident At Loch Ness is a Mockumentary in which a film crew records Werner Herzog's attempt to film a documentary about the Loch Ness monster. When difficulties arise, Herzog becomes fanatical about completing the project, despite an air of doom over the whole thing. This is the exact setup of the films Herzog is known best for, and the whole thing turns into a pastiche of them. It's a remake of/tribute to Herzog's classic films that stars Herzog himself, with directing a film as his disastrous quest.
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Postmodernism / int_338fb806	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_338fb806	comment	Retro Game Challenge is a video game about the 8-bit era of video game history.
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Postmodernism / int_34fd3cf6	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_34fd3cf6	comment	Aqua Teen Hunger Force is often cited as an example of Postmodern humor. The show's episodes practically have no interest in telling anything resembling a plot, let alone a coherent one. Characters just do random things that lead to other random things, which rarely get solved or delved into because everybody is more concerned into being assholes to each other.
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Postmodernism / int_3558eaa2	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_3558eaa2	comment	It's also a major staple of Community, the natural comedic successor to AD.
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Postmodernism / int_3583b777	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_3583b777	comment	Eternal Darkness won acclaim for itself by choosing to bypass the character and aim its scares directly at the player. It had fakeouts like making it appear that the magic spell you were casting misfired and your character died, or that your video feed had come loose in the middle of a battle, or that your Gamecube had reset, or that the game had decided to format your memory card — up to a decidedly non-Heroic BSoD — way scarier than any monster could possibly be.
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Postmodernism / int_35ebcc22	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_35ebcc22	comment	Spamalot is positively brimming with this. The most fall-off-your-seat-hysterical one being the show's love theme entitled "The Song That Goes Like This". Also the Lady of the Lake's "Whatever Happened To My Part?"
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Postmodernism / int_37ea3aa0	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_37ea3aa0	comment	24-Hour Party People. Constant references to 'Things that, technically, didn't actually happen', many moments of fourth wall breaking, a scene that 'will probably be cut and will appear on the DVD Extras', and a scene highlighting all the cameos from the real musicians. In one of his asides to the camera, Steve Coogan's Tony Wilson describes himself as "being postmodern, before it was fashionable." The thing is, all these PoMo tricks are true to Wilson's actual character and ideals.
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Postmodernism / int_3cb47b0f	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_3cb47b0f	comment	The Life and Death of Peter Sellers is structured as a Biopic being made by Peter Sellers (Geoffrey Rush) himself. Most of the film is the Biopic itself, but several times one of the characters will be revealed to "actually" be played by Peter as s/he addresses the audience directly about Peter. For example: Anne Levy (his first wife) is played by Emily Watson most of the way, but after she breaks up with Peter, the reveal has Geoffrey-as-Peter-as-Emily-as-Anne decide to rerecord her dialogue to give the relationship a happier finish.
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Postmodernism / int_3cd90f30	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_3cd90f30	comment	This trope was a staple of Arrested Development. It's also a major staple of Community, the natural comedic successor to AD.
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Postmodernism / int_3ec5b7a6	comment	Mark Z. Danielewski's House of Leaves. Navidson accidentally escapes the labyrinth by burning a book he has titled... House of Leaves. Which has the exact same number of pages as the book you're reading. It's a book about a book about a documentary about a labyrinth; but simultaneously, the book IS the labyrinth. Within the documentary within the book within itself.
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Postmodernism / int_3f3abe9	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_3f3abe9	comment	Rick and Morty: Rick Sanchez is postmodern to almost Medium Aware degrees in the way he instantly spots tropes wherever he goes.
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Postmodernism / int_3f44e3d7	comment	Princess Tutu is a post-modern ballet, so every episode has uses classical piece for themes and several episodes have plots that reference famous ballets, with Swan Lake being the most prominent. Also, one of the characters is a prince that escaped from a fairy tale, and it's later revealed that the writer of that fairytale is now controlling the town the show takes place in. Once the characters learn about that, they start Breaking the Fourth Wall and manipulating the medium of fairy tales to their advantage.
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Postmodernism / int_3ff0f7dd	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_3ff0f7dd	comment	Played with in later episodes of KateModern, when Gavin becomes convinced that his life is being turned into an online TV show, and complains that people keep mistaking him for a professional actor (he was played by Ralf Little, best known for The Royle Family and Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps). In "Fictionality," he muses, "How do I even know I exist?"
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Postmodernism / int_405e4d16	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_405e4d16	comment	Pony Pals: Dirk Strider Edition is a defictionalization of the humorously defaced copy of a book the titular Homestuck character gave his friend Jane as a birthday present. It begins with relatively normal comedic vandalism of the book, such making the main character's horse Acorn an immortal eldritch abomination. Then he's hauled off to hell to be judged by a cat, Dirk Strider himself, and Jeanne Betancourt, the original author of Pony Pals. The story quickly spirals downward into post-modernism as things get more and more meta and the characters try to revert the story to its original state.
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Postmodernism / int_41352473	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_41352473	comment	Excel♡Saga makes dozens of references to other anime series and often has guest appearances by the show's director and writers, who are usually made to apologise for the indignities they force on the cast. A decent chunk of the plot is actually formed by the conflict — in-story conflict — between the director of the anime and the writer of the manga over the show's artistic direction.
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Postmodernism / int_426a7572	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_426a7572	comment	90's Warner Bros. Cartoons such as Animaniacs, Freakazoid!, and Tiny Toon Adventures make enormous use of this comedy (second only to the more classic slapstick). For example, even if you were in a space station orbiting Mars, Candle Jack would get yoink! That was pretty silly of you, don't you think?
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Postmodernism / int_43027e66	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_43027e66	comment	You are the main character of If on a winterâ€™s night a traveler.
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Postmodernism / int_4332c616	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_4332c616	comment	The Wizard of Speed and Time is a movie about Mike Jittlov trying to get support from Hollywood executives to make the movie you're watching - though you don't find that out until just before the credits roll.
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Postmodernism / int_43576f5	comment	In a fourth season Supernatural episode, "The Monster at the End of This Book", Sam and Dean discover that someone has used visions of their lives as the inspiration for a series of horror novels. The books have the same titles as past episodes, and the writer's current manuscript is about what is happening to them right then. This leads to a line that sums up the concept of the episode in a nutshell: When the Winchester research the books online, Dean is irked by fan criticism, intrigued by the "Deangirls" and "Samgirls"... and horrified by the slash fans. Supernatural seems to enjoy having at least once postmodern-esque episode per season, at least since season four. There's "The Monster at the End of This Book" in season four (after which Chuck, the author, becomes a recurring character), "Changing Channels" and "The Real Ghostbusters" in season five, and "The French Mistake" in season six. The last one takes "The Monster at the End of This Book" to new levels of meta: it features a Show Within a Show — the show being Supernatural, and Sam and Dean have to pretend to be Jared and Jensen, who in turn are meant to be playing Sam and Dean... It Makes Sense in Context.
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Postmodernism / int_44fe781e	comment	Neon Genesis Evangelion. From the horrifying deconstruction of the mecha genre, to the mind-raping drawn-in-crayon apocalypse that ended the series, to the metafictional live-action sequences of the film. However, original drafts recovered from the series were far more coherent, and certain supplemental materials try to focus on that part instead of the actual reality that was shown. The manga is also fairly low on Mind Screw in relation to the anime, along with the remake.
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Postmodernism / int_46518682	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_46518682	comment	Even Sesame Street has indulged in postmodernism with The Monster at the End of This Book. The plot is that Grover knows he's in a book, has seen the title, and is scared of the monster and wants to keep the reader from bringing him closer to it.
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Postmodernism / int_46a87096	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_46a87096	comment	Its quasi-sequel Puni Puni☆Poemi is very self-aware, and the main character constantly refers to herself by her voice actress's name. She's also very aware of what she is: "Oh man, can you imagine a worse anime clichÃ© than having to stand out in the hall?"
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Postmodernism / int_47ba573b	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_47ba573b	comment	In the Mouth of Madness, especially towards the end of the movie.
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Postmodernism / int_48bcdb28	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_48bcdb28	comment	The Sensational She-Hulk has the protagonist aware of the fact that she's in a comic, to the point of taking shortcuts across advertisements in order to catch a crook. (Officially, per the Marvel Universe Handbooks, the events of The Sensational She-Hulk are in continuity, but the metafictional gags are not.)
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Postmodernism / int_49072fff	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_49072fff	comment	Six Characters in Search of an Author is technically Absurdist (a movement that came between Modernism and Postmodernism), but it provides early examples of many of the metafictional elements that became popular in Postmodernism.
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Postmodernism / int_495f277f	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_495f277f	comment	Hayate the Combat Butler absolutely and gleefully refuses to acknowledge the existence of a fourth wall. Every character in the series is rather Genre Savvy and they do so enjoy Lampshade Hanging.
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Postmodernism / int_4a21a39	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_4a21a39	comment	The Third Policeman by Flann O'Brien has been retro-actively called the first real "classic" of the genre, even though it was written in the 1930s.
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Postmodernism / int_4c02955c	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_4c02955c	comment	Student Council's Discretion also loves making references to other shows (specially Haruhi Suzumiya) and breaking the Fourth Wall. The first two minutes of the series is a No Fourth Wall discussion on how they should make the anime.
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Postmodernism / int_4d1ba412	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_4d1ba412	comment	The Adventures of Dr. McNinja does this in the Alt Text in comic 17, page 53.
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Postmodernism / int_4e3043a7	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_4e3043a7	comment	Developers "Arcane Kids" (creators of Sonic Dreams Collection and Bubsy Visits The James Turrell Retrospective) have elements of this. Sonic Dreams Collection is a massive parody of elements of the Sonic the Hedgehog fanbase, for instance.
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Postmodernism / int_50bcf7a6	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_50bcf7a6	comment	Homestuck. From a character scratching the second CD of Homestuck (no, not Sburb, Homestuck) with a record needle and causing the comic to glitch out until it's repaired, to a character escaping the destruction of their universe by flying through their fourth wall and into the fourth wall of the second half of the comic, to a Hostile Show Takeover that's only solved by the author bursting through the fifth wall and beating a major villain upside the head with a broom, to characters getting commands from people at consoles identical to the commands used to link pages, to long discussions of how time follows a preestablished narrative, to a reveal, with much fanfare, that characters can now talk directly to each other instead of going through instant messaging and spritelogs, it's postmodern enough to make your head hurt. At one point, Caliborn started speaking through a strange computer to a person who was apparently acting as narrator. When he got pissed off and started whacking the computer with a magical crowbar (warning: music), the whole screen shook as well, links and all, causing the little candy corn at the top of the screen to fall onto the table in the image and bounce around, all as though the MSPA website itself were somehow contained in that computer.
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Postmodernism / int_5307b01d	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_5307b01d	comment	Penny Arcade often acknowledges that the characters are writing a webcomic, and there have even been strips where the characters discuss their plans for other strips. And they freely interact with fictional characters in the real world, or enter game worlds as themselves. Sometimes they even have different fictional characters acknowledging they're fiction, or other fiction in their own worlds.
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Postmodernism / int_5755b96a	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_5755b96a	comment	The Order of the Stick can be seen as a postmodern take on the fantasy genre, with characters and plotlines regularly existing primarily to comment on popular ideas within the genre. And that's before you take into account the constant breaking of the fourth-wall. The core concept is even weirder; they don't represent an actual Dungeons & Dragons campaign, but they are fully aware that their world runs on those rules. Complete with dice rolls, and the rules of physics depending on you remembering what they are.
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Postmodernism / int_59dd1baf	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_59dd1baf	comment	Center Stage: It's not just a biopic of 1930s Chinese movie star Ruan Lingyu, it's a movie about a director and actors and actresses making a movie about Ruan Lingyu. The stars watch Stock Footage clips of the characters and comment about them. In one scene, during the shooting of New Woman where Ruan is drawn up under a bedsheet weeping, the color fades to black and white to signal the audience that the story has moved from 1935 and the set of New Woman to 1991 and the set of Center Stage, with the concerned man leaning across the bed no longer being New Woman director Cai Chusgheng, but his 1991 actor, Tony Leung Ka-fei. This trope is then used heavily in the closing scenes of Ruan's funeral, without the Deliberately Monochrome device, when the scene snaps back and forth between actors in character mourning Ruan's death to actors out of character, with Maggie Cheung chatting with production assistants. One scene has the crew assembling and the director calling out "Let's get serious!", before the camera starts rolling and everyone drops into character as mourners at the memorial service. The strangest scene mixes them both, as one actor, in character as a 1930s movie director, talks to the camera about what a nice person Ruan was, while in the background Maggie Cheung is taking deep breaths (she's holding her breath to play a corpse) and makeup artists touch up her face.
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Postmodernism / int_5afbc0cb	comment	In Undertale, saving, resetting, and gaining exp are all parts of the plot, and a few of the characters will comment on your actions in past playthroughs, to the point where if you get the Golden Ending, one of the characters will beg you not to reset the game because everyone is so happy. This is taken a step further in the Genocide route, where the player must go out of their way to eradicate all life in the Underground. If this is done, it becomes impossible to achieve a good ending. Permanently.
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Postmodernism / int_5ca338a	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_5ca338a	comment	At a seemingly random moment during the story, the action in EarthBound (1994) is interrupted by a dialogue box asking the player in no uncertain terms to input their real, full name. Due to the way it's worded and the fact that it comes out of nowhere, players tend to, instead of inputting something stupid like they usually would, comply fully. It isn't brought up again until the final boss fight, where the Big Bad Eldritch Abomination Giygas can only be defeated via a party member praying for help from every ally they met on their journey. It works for a while, but then you start to get chilling messages about "your prayers being devoured by the darkness." That is, until one final prayer is heard by the most powerful ally the party has: you, the player, addressed by name. They did it again in Mother 3. After the apocalypse, all the characters specifically tell YOU that they're okay. The MOTHER series in general has a habit of making jokes that only make sense in the context of a JRPG.
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Postmodernism / int_5d354f8	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_5d354f8	comment	Red Dwarf's Back to Earth mini-series was so full of references to itself and (very obviously) Blade Runner that it was set to bursting, as the crew find out that they are just fictional characters created by BBC writers. Though the ending did turn the whole concept on its head.
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Postmodernism / int_5f667cac	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_5f667cac	comment	21 Jump Street, is not only full aware of that they're in a movie but the movie also take the time to point out how things have changed when compared to high school in the current time period and high school of the previous generation.
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Postmodernism / int_60c03b58	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_60c03b58	comment	In addition to being an example (as a scripted film shot on-location at a real-life historical anti-war riot), Medium Cool (1969) is named after Marshall McLuhan's book, The Medium Is The Message, which stated that TV is the ultimate "cool" medium, whereas theater and, say, flash-mobs would be a "hot" medium that requires audience participation.
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Postmodernism / int_60f02ddb	comment	American Dad! started becoming post-modern after the first season, becoming a bit more similar to sister series Family Guy in that aspect. This includes, for example,many of the things Roger does.
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Postmodernism / int_61d4e874	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_61d4e874	comment	Conker's Bad Fur Day revels in self-awareness. Conker knows the player and developers exists and interacts with them. Among other things, he references his future being crowned king from the opening cutscene and regularly lampshades the odder aspects of the game's structure (such as the handy Context Sensitive Buttons). The Xbox remake Live and Reloaded even acknowledges a change to Conker's confrontation with the bridge gargoyle, designed to fool the players into believing the rest of the game has likewise been altered. Sadly, the trope is also played for tragedy at the game's conclusion. A lockup saves Conker from becoming alien chow, and he bargains with the developers for a katana to slay the creature in exchange for keeping quiet about the Game-Breaking Bug. Unfortunately, he only realizes too late that he lost his chance to resurrect his murdered girlfriend.
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Postmodernism / int_633dd51e	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_633dd51e	comment	CB Chara Go Nagai World is a chibi parody which serves as a crossover of Go Nagai works. Not only are the characters aware that they are in a parody, but this is also made a plot point.
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Postmodernism / int_6611d3c6	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_6611d3c6	comment	Synecdoche, New York. Just the fact that itâ€™s Charlie Kaufman is not enough for him.
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Postmodernism / int_68ea0c85	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_68ea0c85	comment	Bakuman。 — it's a manga about manga with very shounen-manga type plot, though very realistic, devoid of fantastic elements, and featuring zero action; almost everything is driven by conversations. Despite this, it's become a hit in the same magazine that runs Naruto, Bleach, and One Piece, the very magazine for which the protagonists create manga.
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Postmodernism / int_6b3cfe38	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_6b3cfe38	comment	Most of the cast Bob and George are aware that they are in a Megaman sprite comic. They are also often aware of the plot of the games they are based on - and frequently have to recreate. There's also the Author, who interacts with his characters from time to time, and the Shadowy Author, whose true identity isn't revealed until the very last story arc ever.
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Postmodernism / int_6ce0d19c	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_6ce0d19c	comment	In several episodes of Quantum Leap, the main characters figure out what their objective for the episode is by eliminating the possibilities that would be "too easy" for a forty-five-minute drama series. Also notable is that Sam interprets his situation as God himself intervening in the Quantum Leap project.
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Postmodernism / int_6d27b424	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_6d27b424	comment	Mockumentaries in general: they're works of fiction, but the "documentary" pretense eliminates the fourth wall.
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Postmodernism / int_6f4b970a	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_6f4b970a	comment	At the end of the book I Am the Messenger by Marcus Zusak, when the main character, Ed, meets the person behind everything that's happened to him, it's strongly hinted that this person is in fact the author. He leaves behind a folder that turns out to contain the book's manuscript.
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Postmodernism / int_6f7cfb8d	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_6f7cfb8d	comment	The Princess Bride is about the relationship between the reader and the writer, and goes so far as to tell the reader to choose his or her preferred ending. It also has multiple layers of unreliable fictional authors, including a grossly fictionalized William Goldman, and the only thing everyone in all the layers of the book agree on is a triumph of Surrealism: "True love is the greatest thing in the world except for cough drops." It doesn't get more postmodern than that in a novel.
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Postmodernism / int_70814599	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_70814599	comment	Stargate SG-1 is about as self-referential as you can get without breaking into parody territory... particularly in episodes involving Wormhole X-Treme!.
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Postmodernism / int_734cadb0	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_734cadb0	comment	Baten Kaitos (by the same writer as Chrono Cross) has the player take the role of a disembodied spirit who observes the main characters with their knowledge. Sometimes they will even turn towards the screen and address the player, with a gap in the voiced dialogue where the player's name should go.
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Postmodernism / int_755fadab	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_755fadab	comment	The Haruhi Suzumiya anime starts with Haruhi directing a show about her purposes - to try to advance her purposes - which reveals more about the show than is first apparent. Many episodes end with Kyon and Haruhi arguing about which episode comes next, and Kyon complaining about how the Anachronic Order makes the plot hard to follow. It should also be noted that the title character is also the Executive Director of the show.
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Postmodernism / int_76c806ab	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_76c806ab	comment	Howard the Duck has plenty of this during a 2016 issue: Mojo reveals that he's been manipulating the 2015-16 run of stories in order to sell Howard's exploits as a reality show. In between, as resembling Howard's Orphaned Series, he'd spend years without doing anything ("Your life was the equivalent of a post-credits cameo!"), so Mojo would film scripted scenes between Lea Thompson and someone in a duck costume.
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Postmodernism / int_7884e8d1	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_7884e8d1	comment	Most Quentin Tarantino films, including Pulp Fiction and Kill Bill.
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Postmodernism / int_7884ec15	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_7884ec15	comment	In Seinfeld, where Jerry Seinfeld played a fictionalized version of himself, there was a plotline, where he was involved in the creation of a TV series in which he starred as a fictionalized version of himself.
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Postmodernism / int_791fca44	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_791fca44	comment	BioShock and Portal, two games released Fall 2007, played with Postmodernism when they both drew attention to how every game with a plot boils down to players taking orders from someone else and then doing exactly what they're told. They're listed together because of the interestingly opposite points each game made on the subject. Bioshock's point was "you're not a hero, you're a mindless drone doing what he's told", and the point of Portal was "maybe that's so, but you don't have to be".
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Postmodernism / int_7a1f9db5	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_7a1f9db5	comment	The New York Trilogy by Paul Auster is a post-modern trilogy of mystery novels. At the beginning of the first novel of the trilogy, City of Glass, the main character receives a call from someone looking for a private detective named... Paul Auster. The main character later meets the character named Auster, but it is left unclear whether Auster is aware that he is the author.
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Postmodernism / int_7acb33cf	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_7acb33cf	comment	Ararat, a film about making an ostensibly historically accurate film about the Armenian Genocide, is postmodern in and of itself. The film adds on to it with dramatic scenes broken by suddenly panning back to see the Director and Film crew, or by having an Art Professor storm onto a set and argue with the lead actor about how he's playing the artist she's spent her career on, with the actor arguing back while still in character — while reminding you from this that even this is two actors playing roles.
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Postmodernism / int_7b809ff7	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_7b809ff7	comment	The Calvin, Hobbes, and Paine Show - a work of metafiction about the titular Show Within a Show, which has been Retooled into a Variety Show after Waterson left, and Calvin hasn't been taking this very well.
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Postmodernism / int_7dd6a70f	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_7dd6a70f	comment	The concept behind Omikron: The Nomad Soul was that the player's soul had been sucked into their computer and that they were able to directly inhabit the bodies of the characters they were controlling.
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Postmodernism / int_7ec0cdab	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_7ec0cdab	comment	The first series of The Mighty Boosh especially, opens with Vince and Howard introducing the show in front of a curtain, and generally riffing on what's to come. This occasionally includes quibbling about changes in the script, and bitching about using up special effects money on Vince's hair. Occasionally they'll pause mid-episode to reference these facts. Vince is fond of breaking the fourth wall with a wink or a grin, and an episode in Series 3 has Howard pause and address the camera directly to point out that the audience has already seen the events he's about to summarise.
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Postmodernism / int_7f069934	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_7f069934	comment	Final Fantasy VII Remake also qualifies, as the ending reveals that the entire game is not merely a "remake" of the original, but also a Stealth Sequel, as Remake 's version of Sephiroth is implied to be either from, or have knowledge of, the future, and is actively trying to "remake" the original timeline so that he can win. Even more astonishingly, the protagonists buy in to his plan and go along with it, albeit for a different reason: they're aware they got a Bittersweet Ending last time (and Aerith, in particular, seems to know that she didn't survive), and they reason that giving up their guaranteed win doesn't mean they're getting a guaranteed loss, just that now everything is up in the air and they can do better this time. So they destroy the arbiters of fate and in doing so create a new timeline, which in turn 'frees' the plot of Remake from the original game's continuity, consequently implying that future installments will presumably go Off the Rails. Many fans have interpreted this to be a sort of Meta-commentary on the nature of video game remakes and how they may influence the creative freedom of a developer. The arbiters of fate in particular have often been interpreted as a metaphorical representation of those fans who were expecting Remake to be a faithful retelling of the original game's plot.
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Postmodernism / int_7f39a041	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_7f39a041	comment	Gintama: References to other Jump series and characters (and the Jump staff) come up very often, from simply spoofing the names, like "One Park" and "Belt" (pronounced "Beruto" in Japanese), to just blatant shout-outs (see: the sukiyaki episode where a shinigami pops up at the end and Zura Katsura Katsuo during the OwEe arc). Also, the characters are fully aware of their being fictional — to the point where Gintoki and Shinpachi call out events that would get the anime cancelled and where Gintoki insists that people (even characters within the show) buy the DVDs from Sunrise.
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Postmodernism / int_7ff3216c	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_7ff3216c	comment	Garfield and Friends gains a lot of mileage from the characters' awareness they're in a show, either as Animated Actors or outright cartoon characters. The fourth wall is often acknowledged and broken. And it's not uncommon to have plots like Garfield walking into an action cartoon by accident, or Bo having to act out all the parts of an episode after most of the cast is abducted.
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Postmodernism / int_80942169	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_80942169	comment	Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide has the main character (and occasionally his friends and teachers) give advice to the viewer at some point during an episode.
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Postmodernism / int_814416fb	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_814416fb	comment	Viva la Muerte (1971), a surreal western similar to El Topo.
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Postmodernism / int_850ed3d8	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_850ed3d8	comment	The Holy Mountain, El Topo, and anything else by cinematerrorist Alejandro Jodorowsky.
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Postmodernism / int_85767aa2	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_85767aa2	comment	PBS Idea Channel: Discussed in "Is Community a Postmodern Masterpiece". The definition host Mike Rugnetta uses is Lyotard's "incredulity towards meta-narratives," which Rugnetta argues describes Community to a T: Also of note is that Idea Channel ran on Audience Participation, so viewers of the episode had their own takes on the topic; one viewer suggested that Rugnetta's interpretation was valid for the first three seasons, but the fourth season was a shallow aping by inexperienced showrunners. Another viewer suggested that Community couldn't be a postmodern work due to it being in the strict structure of a sitcom. A third viewer argued that Community was a modernist work rather than a postmodernist one due to it buying into the very meta-narratives that Rugnetta said it criticizes. Even show creator Dan Harmon got in on the discourse, albeit with a joke and a link rather than an argument of his own.
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Postmodernism / int_85b79d17	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_85b79d17	comment	Black Mirror can be seen to be an example in that it typical uses a media it criticises in order to be aware of its criticisms. And it mixes comedy and drama, darkness and lightness, while teasing realism.
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Postmodernism / int_87ffda3d	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_87ffda3d	comment	In Final Crisis (Morrison again!), Superman wears literal Plot Armor and fights a parasitic vampire symbolizing darkness in comics in 4th dimensional metafictional space.
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Postmodernism / int_893a240	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_893a240	comment	Love Everlasting is a Genre Deconstruction of western romance comics from the 1950's-60's, playing off their history of being simplistic Romance Arcs recycled across different settings, genre aesthetics, and characters, but abiding by a strict formula of "boy meets girl, boy and girl fall in love, boy asks girl to marry, Happily Ever After", with more serial works often ending up in their own cycle in subservience to the status quo just to keep the series going. Love Everlasting plays with this for psychological horror by having the protagonist — Joan Peterson — being keenly aware of her existence of being trapped in a constant loop of ever-changing love stories and trying to defy and escape it. The fact she ends up being gravely punished for stepping out of line itself brushes against the conservative, traditional ideals of "love" and womanhood these types of romance comics pandered to, with Joan's desire to escape the lives that The Powers That Be are imposing on her alluding to more modern social attitudes (namely that of the sexual revolution and female empowerment) that led to the genre falling out of favor.
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Postmodernism / int_8a3a1edd	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_8a3a1edd	comment	Zack in Saved by the Bell could not only break the Fourth Wall but stop reality at will. This raises questions about the nature of Zack's existence. Is he a character, an actor, a first-person narrator, or... a deity? He extended the point further years later by guesting on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon to promote "his" show Raising the Bar and explain why he used the stage name Mark-Paul Gosselaar.
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Postmodernism / int_8d7f29ec	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_8d7f29ec	comment	Glee has its moments, with characters mentioning their tendency to sing, a couple of characters interacting in their voice overs, Rachel referring to herself as an Ingenue etc. And the writers are definitely very aware of what they're doing, and when it follows well trod plot paths they make sure to throw a lampshade or two in. At one point a character is found watching a video online. The video in question? It was a drug-induced dream sequence of a DIFFERENT character.
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Postmodernism / int_8d817ccb	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_8d817ccb	comment	In Lost, the definitive postmodern TV show, every character operates under a "Grand Narrative" of the universe, such as science, faith, or capitalism. That's then immediately undercut by flashbacks which show their conceptual models of reality have more to do with their parental issues than any objective reasoning. In the end, the show hints at many truths but endorses no grand narrative, leaving the viewers who thought "the Answers" were the point of it all stuck out in the cold. The show also contains numerous intertextual references to books, showing how both the characters and the show are all stitched together from different pieces of fiction.
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Postmodernism / int_8df51723	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_8df51723	comment	Harvester, is a very disturbing and uncomfortable game, set in a Stepford Suburbia with jarring gorn and an even more jarring World of Jerkass tone that would make just about anyone playing it squirm in disgust... which is the point. Similar to Spec Ops: The Line (as seen below), the game is a commentary on the perception that video games make people violent and/or desensitize them to violence, with the game's world turning out to be a VR simulation designed in-universe to turn people into serial killers (which you must reject to achieve the good ending). Based on Harvester's reputation not as being an impetus for mass murders, but being one of the most disgusting games ever made, it makes a strong case for itself.
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Postmodernism / int_8e595444	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_8e595444	comment	Pani Poni Dash! refers to other series regularly and features frequent disruption of the Fourth Wall. For example, the series takes Animated Actors to the extreme by sometimes showing the action as if it were on a sound stage, complete with assistants walking through the shot. The characters are also aware of narrative and meta-narrative events, such as commercial breaks.
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Postmodernism / int_8e9e38a1	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_8e9e38a1	comment	Some Jerk with a Camera calls out Randy Moore for misusing the term in the third part of his Escape From Tomorrow review. Observe.
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Postmodernism / int_8ebe2eac	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_8ebe2eac	comment	My Name is Bruce, in which Bruce Campbell plays a fictionalized version of himself, has some elements of this. Notably, at one point his character is attacked by a monster from one of the movies he (the character) filmed. Breaking that down again: a character who is fictional in-universe breaks through the wall (figuratively and literally) to attack an in-universe real-life character, who himself is a fictional version of a real real-life person. Is it happy hour yet?
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Postmodernism / int_90552223	comment	The premise behind Stranger Than Fiction is that the main character starts hearing someone narrate his life.
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Postmodernism / int_91011b13	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_91011b13	comment	Late comedian Trevor Moore of TheWhitestKidsUKnow fame is known for flaunting references to Real Life historical events, controversial celebrities and conspiracy theories, seasoned with a hefty dose of social criticism. This is especially apparent in his musical works, the culmination being the has-too-be-seen-to-be-believed "My Computer Just Became Self Aware".
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Postmodernism / int_91445c96	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_91445c96	comment	Jay and Silent Bob Reboot, the sequel to Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back directed by Kevin Smith and distributed by Saban Entertainment, is about Jay and Silent Bob losing the rights to use their names to Saban Entertainment because Saban wants to reboot the "Bluntman & Chronic" movie made in Strikes Back, which Jay and Silent Bob are the basis for. Jay and Silent Bob decide to travel to Hollywood again and stop their movie from getting made and get revenge against its director: Kevin Smith.
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Postmodernism / int_927f559c	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_927f559c	comment	What about Roommates? Mega Crossover Meta Fic Fan Webcomic with almost No Fourth Wall and Medium Awareness, where the Theory of Narrative Causality and Fanservice are acknowledged forces of "nature", readers are encouraged to think Everybody Is Jesus in Purgatory and plant as many Epileptic Trees as they can, with so many lampshades it makes hard to see the sun, an Author Avatar, a world built on Transfictionality so much it questions the reality of Real Life (probably the only work on TV Tropes with a Fridge Existential Angst entry), and it also shows signs of running on the Clap Your Hands If You Believe of the readership.
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Postmodernism / int_95818d99	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_95818d99	comment	Killer7 does this by removing your freedom of movement in a way that can be interpreted as done to point out the linearity and straightforwardness of the game, and how you can't control your fate. Because of a problematic control scheme, and the linearity itself and extreme Mind Screw in storyline, welcoming was mixed at best.
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Postmodernism / int_967347ea	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_967347ea	comment	Revolutionary Girl Utena lives on Deconstruction and Postmodernism. For a series about a girl who wants to be a prince, one wouldn't expect the catchphrase to be "absolute destiny apocalypse." Classical piano music coexists with children singing what sounds like Megadeth in Japanese. A group of shadow girls acts as a Greek Chorus to explain the plot to drum music Once an Episode (or go off on tangents about UFOs), but eventually they interact with the cast — and when they do, it's a Wham Episode. Utena is a deconstruction of the Shoujo Genre as a whole, in much the same way as Evangelion is for Shōnen Genre.
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Postmodernism / int_96773bf2	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_96773bf2	comment	The Number of the Beast (and most of Robert A. Heinlein's other later works) involved the idea that any good enough piece of fiction caused a new universe to come into existence; its main characters visit Oz and other "fictional" worlds.
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Postmodernism / int_97e7606f	comment	Alan Wake. An example is when a writer who wrote himself out of existence in his own stories, wrote into existence a childhood memory (and MacGuffin) of the main character... in a story the main character himself wrote after writing the other writer back into existence.
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Postmodernism / int_9880f55d	comment	Angie Tribeca
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Postmodernism / int_9b9e565c	comment	The Irishman. This work, quite atypical by the standards of what would be expected in a typical Martin Scorsese work, could be considered the definitive example of postmodernism brought to mafia cinema. The film is full of patterns, symbolism, deconstructions towards archetypes typically found in the mafia genre, and references to other mafia genre films. Furthermore, Martin Scorsese has achieved in this film elements of meta-analysis and intertextuality, especially as the film draws to a close, not to mention the mix of genres (combining elements of mafia cinema, historical film and drama), juxtaposed interconnections (combining both real and fictional elements due to the context of the times), and the fact that the film presents ironic and critical approaches to mafia cinema. The film's deconstructive reflection near the end on old age and death further enhances its postmodern nature.
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Postmodernism / int_9fa7d06a	comment	Sayonara, Zetsubou-Sensei is referential, random and self-aware, and so to a lesser extent is every other series from Studio Shaft.
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Postmodernism / int_a153a18d	comment	Nabokov's Pale Fire definitely qualifies, with its mise en abyme, its unreliable narrator and its unconventional structure.
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Postmodernism / int_a1d1e55d	comment	In Space Quest IV: Roger Wilco and the Time Rippers, your character spends the intro and the outro in Space Quest IV. Most of the game is spent using a Time Machine to go through a number of Space Quest games, including the very first one (where your 256-color character gets grief from some monochromatic bikers for being pretentious). The other two games are possible future titles: Space Quest X: Latex Babes of Estros and Space Quest XII: Vohaul's Revenge II. How does your character find out he's in his future? By looking up at the screen's edge where the game's title is displayed. In Space Quest X, you can visit a video game store at a space mall, where you can buy a hint guide to the game you're currently playing in the bargain bin. Furthermore, at the end of the game, you find a Magic Floppy Disk that contains, among other things, a copy of the game you're playing. If you happen to delete that, the game will immediately exit without warning.
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Postmodernism / int_a364c663	comment	Rorschach (2020) is diegetically a Distant Sequel to Watchmen but is also an assessment of Walter Kovacs, a.k.a. "Rorschach" — one of the most morally complicated anti-heroes in the medium — and the strange legacy he left behind in-universe and out. The book repeatedly grazes against and occassionally blends into the fourth wall many times, dissecting what exactly makes him such a compellingly flawed character, why some mistake him as being a role model despite how utterly messed-up he is, reflecting on the past ideologies that led to his creation, and what his popularity ended up morally contributing to the world. To boot, the entire plot is kickstarted by a crazed Rorschach impersonator... who is quickly discovered to be a blatant analogue to Steve Ditko, the real-life creator whom Alan Moore based a significant portion of Rorschach's philosophy on in the original Watchmen story.
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Postmodernism / int_a4b32585	comment	The City of Dreaming Books is narrated by the main character, who is a great fan of books and an aspiring writer himself, who constantly is addressing the readers with his musing on tropes and his own Genre Savviness, which isn't as high as one would expect. The novel is also a massive essay on the joy of reading books in general.
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Postmodernism / int_a506a38b	comment	Wayne's World, as with the SNL sketch from where it was adapted, features Wayne and Garth, Idiot Savant metalheads who constantly break the fourth wall, especially with the multiple choice ending segment from the first movie.
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Postmodernism / int_a6b9b759	comment	The Guild: - the song Do you wanna date my avatar.
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Postmodernism / int_a7a0b48b	comment	NieR: Automata starts off as an action brawler/shoot 'em up, before devolving into philosophical explorations on the nature of existence, mortality, and purpose. Throughout the game, besides getting killed by enemies, you can get a Game Over by going anywhere except where the quest marker tells you, removing a computer chip in your own menu screen that will instantly terminate your character (they're robots, you see), or eating a mackerel. These Game Overs have their own snarky commentary on how stupid you, the player, were for achieving them. For the Golden Ending, you have to shoot and destroy the credits, which becomes increasingly difficult as your 'craft' keeps getting overwhelmed by enemy fire, until you gain reinforcements from other players around the world who have completed the game to come in and shield you. You then have the option to delete your entire save progress in order to transform yourself into one of those reinforcements for another player in the future, which brings home the message of the game, that acts of love and kindness, no matter how small or insignificant, no matter if you don't know who it will benefit, is the most important thing that matters in a world that will eventually fade into nothingness.
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Postmodernism / int_a851558c	comment	Some scholars consider The Confidence-Man the first PoMo book. The novel by Herman Melville is one big Mind Screw of social satire, religious symbolism and the author's own views, intertwined in a story that tests both the readers' and the characters' confidence in their morals.
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Postmodernism / int_aa0bc442	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_aa0bc442	comment	The writer/illustrator duo of Jon Scieszka and Lane Smith gave us some of the first postmodernist picture books with The True Story of the Three Little Pigs and The Stinky Cheese Man and Other Fairly Stupid Tales. The former is a Fractured Fairy Tale that has the Big Bad Wolf recount the story of the The Three Little Pigs from his perspective while the latter is a collection of Fractured Fairy Tales presented as a No Fourth Wall production that's plagued with constant problems.
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Postmodernism / int_aa7d9eae	comment	Scream (1996) started a massive wave of self-referential, teen-focused horror films that ran through the late '90s. By the time the fourth installment comes along the characters realize that the rules the first movie subverted are now being subverted again and "the unexpected is the new clichÃ©". By the time the fifth installment comes along the new characters realize they are in a Soft Reboot and try to plan accordingly. By the time the sixth installment comes along the surviving new characters realize they are in a franchise and again try to plan accordingly.
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Postmodernism / int_ac09509c	comment	Opplopolis is pretty Pynchonesque in general, but for example, a race of aliens are initially introduced as an apparent fantasy of Marvin's but return four issues later, apparently aware of the characters in the comic, including events that haven't happened yet. These aliens live in a city called Oppleopolis (with an "e").
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Postmodernism / int_ac39ef28	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_ac39ef28	comment	The Calvinverse is, if nothing else, very, very medium aware.
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Postmodernism / int_aca7b22d	comment	The Amazing World of Gumball is entirely this, starting with the premise of characters from different mediums and artstyles living together in a single place. Season 1 is actually rather tame about it, but by the time Season 2 rolls out, the various designs and the animation itself become the target of jokes while overused and even inevitable tropes are guaranteed to be pointed out and/or mocked. Episodes like "The Kids", "The Safety", "The Money", "The Signal" and especially "The Disaster"/"The Rerun" all have in-universe characters or outside forces (voice actors, animation budget, TV signal interference, etc.) manipulating the TV medium itself or causing it to go haywire, leading to some very Mind Screwy plots.
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Postmodernism / int_ae285944	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_ae285944	comment	Robin Hood: Men in Tights "Hey, it worked in Blazing Saddles!" And the scene at the archery contest where everyone, in character and on screen, references the movie script to verify the tiebreaker rules.
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Postmodernism / int_af5b138c	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_af5b138c	comment	Holy Motors is a Genre-Busting fantasy drama that follows the life of an actor named Oscar as he performs varying roles in many different in-universe stories (despite there seemingly being no camera crew or audience), with the general rhythm of the film fluctuating between Oscar's life as a performer and the actual films he's performing, with the drastic changes in filming style, script, and tone that entails. Thematically, Holy Motors frames the medium of cinema as extraordinarily fluid and imposing varying demands on creators for them to keep up, tying in with the idea that "performance" in cinema is not too dissimilar to "performance" in "real life".
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Postmodernism / int_af872a82	comment	The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen is possibly the most post-modern of all comics since its set in a world composed entirely of fiction, all fiction all the time. It frequently critiques changing consciousness, how The Hero has different values in the Victorian Era than in modern times, how women are more prominent in 20th-century fiction than in earlier eras, and the relationship between the narratives of an author and that of the state, culture and society he lives in.
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Postmodernism / int_b166795b	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_b166795b	comment	Dog City revolves around Eliot Shag, a canine animator, and his detective character, Ace Hart, as they engage in fourth-wall breaking conversations regarding the animation and storytelling process of each episode of the Show Within a Show.
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Postmodernism / int_b797e684	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_b797e684	comment	Barbie (2023) takes the iconic line of fashion dolls and positively drenches it with this concept (even more than other modern Barbie properties like Barbie: Life in the Dreamhouse), with the film being a pointedly deconstructive, even political (though still humorous and loving) self-reflection of Barbie as a real-world phenomenon. The film approaches Barbie, Ken, and so-on as being aware enough of their simple, campy world of plastic that they question their place in both Barbieland itself and the vastly more complicated real world, where Barbie is viewed not merely as a toy, but an icon made to ostensibly enrich and empower the lives of young girls, a product made with the purpose of marketability amidst fickle, ever-evolving standards of beauty and femininity, the subject of questions regarding historical gender roles and divides, etc. Rather than limiting these to mere subtext, Barbie and Ken end up facing these issues head-on to find answers to their existential crises, resulting in a film that's just as much about the real-world cultural impact of Barbie as it is about Barbie herself.
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Postmodernism / int_bb7d6a95	comment	Duckman periodically delved into this. The most notable example is the episode "How to Suck in Business Without Really Trying", about a Viacom Expy creating the character Duckman to represent the USA Network and make merchandise. Although they must con Duckman out of his name to go through with a show based on Duckman, in a universe that has an existing Duckman.
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Postmodernism / int_bb9d6724	comment	This same meta-knowledge is the driving gag behind Ambush Bug — the title character happens to be insane, so all that stuff could just be in his head.
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Postmodernism / int_bbe33e8a	comment	Northern Exposure did this to the point that, in one episode, the characters all gathered in the town square to discuss the problem of their motivations for a particular scene. Hardly an episode went by without at least one character breaking the fourth wall or referencing their "characterhood".
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Postmodernism / int_bc7736c8	comment	In John Ostrander's Suicide Squad run in the late '80s, Morrison reappears as the Writer and reveals that when they wrote themself into Animal Man, he (the Writer) inadvertently became part of DC Comics continuity.note The Writer is depicted as male, since Morrison created him before they came out as non-binary. Since the Writer is a character, and separate from Morrison in that regard, he's presumably still male — unless someone writes him otherwise, of course... Unfortunately for the Writer, this makes him vulnerable to the whims of his new author, Ostrander — and sure enough, he's unceremoniously killed.
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Postmodernism / int_bd1137ca	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_bd1137ca	comment	Early on in The Illuminatus! Trilogy, the narrator asks who he is and then says "oh, yes — I'm a book". Later in the series, some characters come to the conclusion that the events are taking place in a book. The super computer FUCKUP is first implied to be the author, but the characters disregard this "revelation" and conclude that the book they are in is outside their own universe.
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Postmodernism / int_bd54ba07	comment	Blazing Saddles, an Affectionate Parody of western movies. Multiple references to things in the future ("What in the Wide Wide World of Sports is going on here?", "The Doctor Gillespie killings", "I must have killed more men than Cecil B. DeMille", "The bitch was inventing the Candygram", Taggart's talking about the tractor before it was even invented, the railroad workers singing "I Get a Kick Out Of You" decades before it was written, and Hedy Lamarr ("That's Hedley!") and an ending that rampages through the fourth wall like a supercharged bulldozer.
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Postmodernism / int_bfef9cdb	comment	Welcome to Night Vale is considered a postmodern response to the Information Age. Operating on principles of Nothing Is Scarier and mundane approaches to supernatural events. The story is basically a news broadcast which is very vague on the actual news it delivers.
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Postmodernism / int_c2474b16	comment	The Way of the Metagamer. No Fourth Wall, Author Avatar, Alt Text presenters, Medium Awareness, physical plot holes used as gateways to other works, time-traveling changing history by actually changing previously uploaded comicsâ€¦ need we go on?
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Postmodernism / int_c4282b71	comment	A common in-joke in the My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom is that Pinkie Pie is fully aware of the Fourth Wall and that she is inside a work of fiction. While staff working on the show have stated that scenes in which she appears to be looking at the 'camera' are simply mistakes on the part of animators, some fans refuse to believe that.
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Postmodernism / int_c4a7b5d3	comment	Shaun of the Dead, Shaun says he feels uncomfortable saying the "Z Word", but he's not feeling awkward because there are zombies; he's feeling uncomfortable because they are in a zombie movie and they're not supposed to call them like that.
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Postmodernism / int_ca5d97f1	comment	Monty Python's Flying Circus frequently traded in this.
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Postmodernism / int_cae652c	comment	Hunter Ã— Hunter pays tribute to many Shōnen tropes and character archetypes, especially ones from Dragon Ball, and often subverts and examines them in a realistic manner that sometimes brings their darker implications to light.
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Postmodernism / int_cba3559b	comment	Survival of the Fittest, in V3, exhibits this, mainly with Wade Wilson and Quincy Archer. Wade Wilson is repeatedly Breaking the Fourth Wall, telling off his own narrator as he grows more and more insane. Quincy Archer wrote a Character Blog before he came to the island, mainly about how Survival Of The Fittest was fake and about the tropes it used. Considering who Wade Wilson is named after, this really doesn't come as a surprise.
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Postmodernism / int_cd8905f6	comment	In the Baccano! anime Gustav St. Germain and his assistant Carol have conversations about which character is the main protagonist and why the series doesn't have a conclusive ending. The anime tells the story in a completely non-chronological order and invites the audience to put all the pieces together, in contrast to the books, which are slightly more linear.
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Postmodernism / int_cebbba4f	comment	In The Dark Tower, one of the Big Bad's plans is to send his minions to our world and attempt to kill Stephen King in order to prevent the last few books in the series from being written, thus ensuring that the Big Damn Heroes will never stop him from destroying the universe. Metaphysically speaking, stopping the last books from being written would seem to qualify as destroying the universe, but it's not that PoMo. The katet's story happens no matter what happens to King. Killing him just means one of the two remaining lynchpins holding up the universe snaps in two, with appropriate results. In other words, he's not the god of the machine, he's the MacGuffin.
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Postmodernism / int_ced00507	comment	Pathologic is definitely a work of postmodernism, as the opening cinematic is of you watching the three main characters argue with each other on a stage in a very theatrical manner of speaking before you are even able to choose which of them you want to play as, and when you do, one of the first things you run into are two mysterious figures that only you are able to see, the Tragedian (a man clad in all black stockings and a creepy white mask) and the Executor (a man clad in black robes with a lavish bird beak mask similar to those worn by plague doctors), who both give you tutorials on how the game world works and actually seem to talk past your character and straight to you, the player. This ramps up by the end when you get a message from "The Powers That Be" who have been sending you messages urging you to complete your tasks, only to find out that they are actually two children and they have been simulating the entire game as a make believe tale in a sandbox and you are one of the dolls that they are using to enact this fantasy. It is a bit of a mindfuck by them, as they talk to you as if you were a doll that suddenly came to life and was asking questions, (and even more of one when the third character Clara, a child herself, is able to visit them earlier than the other two and actually shocks the children with her appearance). And then the game pulls a bigger mindfuck as you are then given a notice by "The makers of all this" to visit them at the town theater, wherein the Tragedian and the Executor both reveal themselves as the developers of the game and speak to either the player or the character (it's up to how the player answers them), answer questions about the game, it's plot, themes and mechanics, and even apologizes to them on some of the rushed aspects of the game they weren't able to flesh out to their liking.
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Postmodernism / int_cfbea3ba	comment	Round the Horne would often stop in the middle of sketches and break down in to (scripted) verbal fights between the actors.
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Postmodernism / int_d1ad2f1d	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_d1ad2f1d	comment	Doki Doki Literature Club! is essentially an entire postmodern commentary/deconstruction of the Dating Sim genre, its fanbase, and Medium Awareness. The character of Monika becomes sentient, but instead of playing this for laughs or such a realization being brushed off, Monika has a devastating but completely realistic mental breakdown upon realizing that she and her entire world are fake and a computer simulation. She eventually realizes that the player (not the main protagonist, but the player themselves) is the only â€œrealâ€� thing that she knows and becomes desperate to connect with them as a result. This quickly escalates when she messes with the gameâ€™s code and â€œdeletesâ€� the other characters in the game so that the player will have their full attention on her. She argues that since the other characters are lines of code but are unlike her non-sentient they aren't really alive so she isn't doing anything wrong. She even comments at points on how generic and unrealistic their personalities are, a jab at stock visual-novel love interests.
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Postmodernism / int_d46cc708	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_d46cc708	comment	The beloved episode of Ed, Edd n Eddy where they, among other things, drag the moon down from the sky and remove Jimmy's outline. It's not so much Breaking the Fourth Wall as it is wreaking havoc on the other three.
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Ed, Edd n Eddy	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_d46cc708
Postmodernism / int_d75dceda	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_d75dceda	comment	The "Not Officially Sabrina Online Construction Set" (or NOSOCS), a parody freely editable by anyone of the Furry comic Sabrina Online, postmodern to begin with, took a turn for the ridiculously postmodern during 2008, and actually managed to be fairly consistently clever. Sadly, most traces of it have vanished from the Internet and old links just lead to advertisement and malware traps.
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Postmodernism / int_d75dceda	featureConfidence	1.0
Sabrina Online / Web Comic	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_d75dceda
Postmodernism / int_d7c4626a	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_d7c4626a	comment	The Sandman (1989) is essentially a story about stories whose protagonist is the embodiment of storytelling. A more persistent theme is the difference between ancient and modern writing and between stories which are male and stories which are female, the latter tending to be more common in the 20th century.
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Postmodernism / int_d966b18e	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_d966b18e	comment	Otherland by Tad Williams. So very much.
Postmodernism / int_d966b18e	featureApplicability	1.0
Postmodernism / int_d966b18e	featureConfidence	1.0
Otherland	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_d966b18e
Postmodernism / int_d9c602eb	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_d9c602eb	comment	South Park often features meta-references, such as the characters somehow becoming aware of Kenny dying in each episode. One such instance was in "Christmas in Canada", in which the boys are not only worried about missing presents but also their "Christmas adventure". And who can forget "Canceled", where they discover the whole world was a reality show run by aliens (in itself a parody of the Planet of Hats trope).
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Postmodernism / int_d9c602eb	featureConfidence	1.0
South Park	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_d9c602eb
Postmodernism / int_da1208fe	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_da1208fe	comment	Moulin Rouge!! definitely. Melding of various media, meta-fiction, incorporation of anachronistic songs... it's crazy awesome. And very post-modern.
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Postmodernism / int_da1208fe	featureConfidence	1.0
Moulin Rouge!	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_da1208fe
Postmodernism / int_dc74343d	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_dc74343d	comment	Eat Lead: The Return of Matt Hazard stars a video game character who's aware of his role, and the plot involves the new owner of his franchise trying to replace him with his own original character; Matt rebels against this and finds himself exploring other video game genres via being hacked into them, eventually even fighting the game's team of developers.
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Eat Lead: The Return of Matt Hazard (Video Game)	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_dc74343d
Postmodernism / int_e0bfc6c4	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_e0bfc6c4	comment	The Spike Jonze film Being John Malkovich is a movie about a portal into a mind of an actor who plays himself. We even get to see a monkey having a flashback.
Postmodernism / int_e0bfc6c4	featureApplicability	1.0
Postmodernism / int_e0bfc6c4	featureConfidence	1.0
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Postmodernism / int_e11e9296	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_e11e9296	comment	Tristram Shandy has been described as early Postmodernism. Its stream-of-consciousness style and digressions within digressions within digressions are the most noticeable aspects of this, but perhaps more important are instances of Painting the Medium (like following the death of a character with a completely black page.)
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Postmodernism / int_e11e9296	featureConfidence	1.0
Tristram Shandy	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_e11e9296
Postmodernism / int_e25322af	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_e25322af	comment	Homestar Runner cartoons tend to play with the notion that, since the characters are all in a cartoon anyway, cartoons in the cartoon world of Homestar Runner are more or less instantly malleable. In a Strong Bad Email, Strong Bad brags that he has the only extant copy of the ill-fated Limozeen Saturday-morning cartoon, which was cancelled before the first episode even finished airing. When Strong Bad mentions this, cut away to the cartoon, with Teeg Dougland saying, "I've got some bad news, boys; we've been cancelled." This is a cartoon, meaning that technically the animators would have known that months ahead of time. Meta. Later on, Crack Stuntman, the not-taking-his-job-seriously voice actor of the Cheat Commando leader Gunhaver started making obnoxious demands about his character, leading to on-the-spot edits to make Gunhaver a lover of massage chairs or to add Crack's girlfriend as a cast member. Finally the director creates a character to replace Gunhaver until they can find an actor who doesn't have his head stuck up his ass. In an Easter Egg in Strong Bad's one hundredth email, Limozeen congratulates him, and then Larry says, "We're from the band Limozeen!", startling the others. One of the others says, "I think it says that at the top of the screen." Replies Larry: "Well I didn't know that!" At the end of the two-hundredth episode, the same Easter Egg is seen, re-edited and dubbed over to make it relevant to the two-hundredth episode. Sbemail Virus. Just watch it, it's freaking weird.
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Postmodernism / int_e25322af	featureConfidence	1.0
Homestar Runner (Web Animation)	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_e25322af
Postmodernism / int_e278316b	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_e278316b	comment	The 1980 Apple ][ game The Prisoner played with ideas of reality, just as the TV show it was based on did. At the start, the player is given a 3-figure number xyz, which they must not reveal to their enemies. At one point, the game will appear to crash with the error message "Syntax Error at line xyz". If the player types "LIST xyz" (as would be a common reaction to Apple ][ bugs —- surprise! You're still in the game, and you just lost.
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Postmodernism / int_e278316b	featureConfidence	1.0
The Prisoner (1967)	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_e278316b
Postmodernism / int_e3763059	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_e3763059	comment	Hyperdimension Neptunia, being a series of Moe versions of video game consoles as characters has everyone speaking directly to the player and making fun of their own personality quirks. Neptune is all about this. At one point the CPU's start playing a videogame with themselves as characters while they already are in a videogame.
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Postmodernism / int_e3763059	featureConfidence	1.0
Hyperdimension Neptunia (Video Game)	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_e3763059
Postmodernism / int_e885c808	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_e885c808	comment	The characters in Spaceballs appear completely aware they are in a heavily merchandised Sci-Fi movie. At one point the bad guys rent a copy of the movie so they can fast forward and use that info to track down the good guys more quickly. Things become awkward when they reach the part of the movie they are in at that moment.
Postmodernism / int_e885c808	featureApplicability	1.0
Postmodernism / int_e885c808	featureConfidence	1.0
Spaceballs	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_e885c808
Postmodernism / int_e925fd6	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_e925fd6	comment	It's Garry Shandling's Show had Garry and his friends aware that they were in a Sitcom, often talking directly to members of the audience, and manipulating the story to his own ends. Referenced by the Theme Song as well: "This is the theme to Garry's show, the opening theme to Garry's show, this is the song that you hear as you watch the cre-dits..."
Postmodernism / int_e925fd6	featureApplicability	1.0
Postmodernism / int_e925fd6	featureConfidence	1.0
It's Garry Shandling's Show	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_e925fd6
Postmodernism / int_ea4f62db	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_ea4f62db	comment	Family Guy has become the most unapologetically postmodernist show on television, and gets more postmodern each season. No trope is safe. Even the infamous overused Cutaway Gags have been called out more than once.
Postmodernism / int_ea4f62db	featureApplicability	1.0
Postmodernism / int_ea4f62db	featureConfidence	1.0
Family Guy	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_ea4f62db
Postmodernism / int_ee7390b9	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_ee7390b9	comment	Harsh Generation by Damien Blake contains odd punctuation, stream-of-consciousness narration, and a nameless protagonist who writes a memoir within the story, that goes by the same title as the book itself. He abruptly stops the narration to comment on previous events as if they were fictional, adding to this Unreliable Narrator status. There are also weird passages full of stricken, blacked-out sentences and missing words.
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Postmodernism / int_ee7390b9	featureConfidence	1.0
Harsh Generation	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_ee7390b9
Postmodernism / int_f31d7d98	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_f31d7d98	comment	Drawn Together. The show is characterized by being a break with traditional narratives and a mixture of different styles that are added to its characters, as well as parodic elements that satirize the same characters on which they are based. In addition, the series uses a reality show format to present the animated characters and their stories, breaking traditional storytelling, and at times, the fourth wall.
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Postmodernism / int_f31d7d98	featureConfidence	1.0
Drawn Together	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_f31d7d98
Postmodernism / int_f35f2f0b	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_f35f2f0b	comment	In MSF High they think it is just a side effect of the magic, but most characters realize their school partially runs on tropes and the Theory of Narrative Causality; naturally, they exploit this.
Postmodernism / int_f35f2f0b	featureApplicability	1.0
Postmodernism / int_f35f2f0b	featureConfidence	1.0
MSF High (Webcomic)	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_f35f2f0b
Postmodernism / int_f5fb62d9	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_f5fb62d9	comment	The movie The Neverending Story is about Bastian, a boy in "the real world", reading a fantasy novel about the world of Fantasia, but as the story goes along there are hints that he is having an effect on Fantasia. At the climax, not only does the Child-Like Empress reveal that Bastian is the only one who can save the world of Fantasia but she also mentions that at the same time as he has been reading about Fantasia, there have been others watching Bastian in the same way.
Postmodernism / int_f5fb62d9	featureApplicability	1.0
Postmodernism / int_f5fb62d9	featureConfidence	1.0
The NeverEnding Story	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_f5fb62d9
Postmodernism / int_f9f3db04	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_f9f3db04	comment	This is the title of this story, which is also found several times in the story itself by David Moser.
Postmodernism / int_f9f3db04	featureApplicability	1.0
Postmodernism / int_f9f3db04	featureConfidence	1.0
This Is the Title of This Story	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_f9f3db04
Postmodernism / int_fac5f5c8	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_fac5f5c8	comment	The cinema version of Gremlins 2: The New Batch had the film 'break down' because of gremlins in the projection booth, resulting in Hulk Hogan being called in from the cinema lobby to save the day. The home video version had gremlins plague the viewer's TV set by switching it over to other channels. Eventually they come undone by switching over to a Western, at which point John Wayne shoots them.
Postmodernism / int_fac5f5c8	featureApplicability	1.0
Postmodernism / int_fac5f5c8	featureConfidence	1.0
Gremlins 2: The New Batch	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_fac5f5c8
Postmodernism / int_fb8549c	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_fb8549c	comment	Deadpool takes Medium Awareness to the next level. He knows he's a fictional character and makes fun of comic book tropes and even the industry itself, and whenever he gets adapted to other media, he's aware of that as well, arguably making him the postmodern comic book character.
Postmodernism / int_fb8549c	featureApplicability	1.0
Postmodernism / int_fb8549c	featureConfidence	1.0
Deadpool (Comic Book)	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_fb8549c
Postmodernism / int_fbf8acc	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_fbf8acc	comment	The Cabin in the Woods. The official synopsis is "Five friends go to a remote cabin in the woods. Bad things happen. If you think you know this story, think again. Each year, a shady worldwide bureaucratic agency puts on sacrificial rituals; if they aren't followed to the letter, ancient evil gods will destroy the Earth. One ritual team chemically and mentally manipulates five college students with Hidden Depths to become one dimensional horror archetypes and makes them choose one of the many monsters the agency has in their underground base to kill them. Everything goes to shit when, of all characters, The Stoner, keeps his wits about him." The film was intended by Drew Goddard and Joss Whedon to be a slam against torture porn and a "loving hate letter" to the horror genre, with many sincere horror references mixed with the satire against tired horror cliches.
Postmodernism / int_fbf8acc	featureApplicability	1.0
Postmodernism / int_fbf8acc	featureConfidence	1.0
The Cabin in the Woods	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_fbf8acc
Postmodernism / int_fcfa999b	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_fcfa999b	comment	FLCL The characters, among other things, discuss how difficult it is to shoot a bullet-time kissing scene, just after having performed it.
Postmodernism / int_fcfa999b	featureApplicability	1.0
Postmodernism / int_fcfa999b	featureConfidence	1.0
FLCL	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_fcfa999b
Postmodernism / int_fd77c160	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_fd77c160	comment	A Guide to Recognizing Your Saints has its flashback scenes opening with the teenage protagonist announcing that he'll end up leaving everyone eventually - and features a montage of the characters addressing the audience to announce their motivations. During the present day portions, captions of the script will be shown alongside the characters saying their lines.
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Postmodernism / int_fd77c160	featureConfidence	1.0
A Guide to Recognizing Your Saints	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_fd77c160
Postmodernism / int_fd8221d2	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_fd8221d2	comment	Wikipedia lists David Bowie, Talking Heads, and Frank Zappa as examples of postmodern popular music acts; given that all three of them have fulfilled all of the above-mentioned traits of postmodern music and then some, it's not an inaccurate label for the three of them. Talking Heads is an especially standout example, given how their music so thoroughly dissected and reinvented popular music that they sound unlike anything that's come before or since. Bowie himself identified strongly with the postmodern movement, with The Complete David Bowie quoting him as follows:
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Postmodernism / int_fd8221d2	featureConfidence	1.0
Wikipedia (Website)	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_fd8221d2
Postmodernism / int_fed72154	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_fed72154	comment	Barbie: Life in the Dreamhouse explores some trappings of being a doll, such as never showing physical aging signs, and having hair that never grows back when cut. The series also openly acknowledges the likelihood that Barbie is too perfect for her own good. For example, she admits having trouble keeping track of all the jobs Mattel has given her over the years. Also, as a pseudo-reality show, Barbie and the gang frequently comment to the viewers. They initially limit themselves to Confession Cam sequences, but they gradually become more aware that the viewers possibly watch everything they do.
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Barbie: Life in the Dreamhouse (Web Animation)	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_fed72154
Postmodernism / int_ff66c30e	type	Postmodernism
Postmodernism / int_ff66c30e	comment	In films starring The Muppets, the fourth wall is strong enough to keep the plot going- but no stronger.
Postmodernism / int_ff66c30e	featureApplicability	1.0
Postmodernism / int_ff66c30e	featureConfidence	1.0
The Muppets (Franchise)	hasFeature	Postmodernism / int_ff66c30e

The following is a list of statements referring to the current page from other pages.

Postmodernism	processingCategory2	Metafiction Demanded This Index
Postmodernism	processingCategory2	Philosophy Tropes
Cowboy Bebop / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Magical Princess Minky Momo / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Neon Genesis Evangelion / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Paranoia Agent / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Revolutionary Girl Utena / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Maus (Comic Book) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Strange Adventures (2020) (Comic Book) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Project Bluefield (Fanfic) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Adaptation. / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Barbie (2023) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Captain America: The First Avenger / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Center Stage (1991) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Cloud Atlas / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Funny Games / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
In the Mouth of Madness / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Man on the Moon / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
The Artist / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
The Human Centipede / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
The Irishman / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
The Muppets (2011) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Wayne's World / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Barry Trotter / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Cloud Atlas / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Illuminatus! / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Infinite Jest / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Life of Pi / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
The Familiar / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
The Player / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
The Princess Bride / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
The Stinky Cheese Man / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
V. / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
APrayerForOwenMeany	seeAlso	Postmodernism
LitCrit	seeAlso	Postmodernism
WolfgangTheBlack	seeAlso	Postmodernism
Goodbye, Eri (Manga) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Magical Girl Ore (Manga) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
It's Just a Show (Podcast) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Ghostwriter / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Screenwipe / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
The O.C. / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
The Office (UK) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Genius: The Transgression (Tabletop Game) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead (Theatre) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Chrono Cross (Video Game) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Conker's Bad Fur Day (Video Game) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Hotline Miami 2: Wrong Number (Video Game) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Looney Tunes: Duck Amuck (Video Game) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty (Video Game) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Deadly Premonition / Videogame / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
alantutorial (Web Video) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Confused Matthew (Web Video) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Jreg (Web Video) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Regular Car Reviews (Web Video) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Some Jerk with a Camera (Web Video) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Deer Me (Webcomic) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Roommates (Webcomic) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
An Ostrich Told Me the World Is Fake and I Think I Believe It / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Drawn Together / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Duck Amuck / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Duckman / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
The End (1995) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
Vince Russo (Wrestling) / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism
postmodernism	sameAs	Postmodernism
The Kids in the Hall / int_d17eaa9f	type	Postmodernism

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