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Richard II (Theatre)

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Richard II (Theatre)
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As the play is Older Than Steam and based on historical events, and as most twists in Shakespeare's plots are now widely known, all spoilers on this page are unmarked.An English history play by William Shakespeare. It's the first play in Shakespeare's second tetralogy, which also includes Henry IV, Parts 1 & 2, and Henry V. It is believed to have been composed in 1595, and is sometimes referred to as a tragedy. It chronicles the later years of King Richard II of England, who reigned from 1377 to 1399, as he is overthrown by Henry Bolingbroke, later King Henry IV.The play opens with Henry of Bolingbroke and Thomas Mowbray accusing one another of treason and murder, with the issue to be settled in single combat before Richard II and his court. Just as the two noblemen are about to fight, Richard abruptly calls a halt to their duel and instead banishes them both from England. John of Gaunt, Bolingbroke's father and the Duke of Lancaster, dies, and Richard decides to seize Bolingbroke's lands to fuel his war effort in Ireland. Bolingbroke returns—his excuse being that he was banished as Duke of Hereford but is now Duke of Lancaster—and is incensed that his lands and wealth have been taken by Richard. He organizes a campaign against Richard. At first, the campaign's goal is merely to get Bolingbroke's land back, but it quickly becomes an opportunity to seize the throne of England. In a scene that was originally censored out, Richard is forced to abdicate. He is put in prison, where he angsts about the loss of his throne, before being murdered by an ambitious nobleman. Henry IV regrets Richard's death, and vows to redeem himself by leading a crusade against Jerusalem.One of the main characteristics of the play is its ornate, beautiful language, especially the flowery speeches of Richard II. He is contrasted with Bolingbroke, who is very plainspoken. The play is also one of just two by Shakespeare (King John being the other) to be written entirely in iambic pentameter, with no prose passages. Another notable feature is the Deposition Scene, which was cut from the original editions of the play because of its political touchiness — the resemblances between Richard and Elizabeth are great. Indeed, the Earl of Essex requested the play be performed the evening before his failed uprising against the queen.In 2012, the BBC produced Richard II as part of The Hollow Crown series with Ben Whishaw as Richard, Rory Kinnear as Bolingbroke and Patrick Stewart as Gaunt, and in 2013, a Royal Shakespeare Company production with David Tennant in the title role was broadcast to cinemas internationally (and is available to stream for free internationally for much of 2016, part of the BBC's Shakespeare400 celebrations).
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_10cdfe4b
type
Fall Guy
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_10cdfe4b
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Fall Guy: Mowbray, seeing as Richard was involved in having Gloucester killed. Since neither he nor anyone can actually just say it, the implication is left hidden within his rebuke to Bolingbroke, and he lets Richard know—coded in metaphor—that his secret is safe.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_1397e10d
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Rage Against the Reflection
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_1397e10d
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Rage Against the Reflection: IV.i.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_13e1c444
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Plot-Triggering Death
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Plot-Triggering Death: The Duke of Gloucester's murder, which was very probably done on his nephew Richard's orders, causes Bolingbroke and Mowbray to accuse each other of treason, setting the rest of the events of the play in motion.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_1439161f
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Heroic BSoD
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_1439161f
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Heroic BSoD: Both Richard and Henry IV, at the end of the play.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_1501e2dd
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Hero Antagonist
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Hero Antagonist: Bolingbroke can be presented this way. He spends the second half of the play actively moving against Richard, initially to re-claim his father Gaunt's lands which Richard seized upon Gaunt's death to fund his wars in Ireland, but later to take the throne for himself, believing that ability is a more important quality in a ruler than the divine right in which Richard believes.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_154aa477
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Big, Screwed-Up Family
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Big, Screwed-Up Family: They're Plantagenets: what did you expect? Although Gaunt and Bolingbroke are an exception. They only have two scenes together, but the mutual love and respect between father and son is apparent.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_1c445e86
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Poor Communication Kills
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Poor Communication Kills: Played with. One way to present the play is that Richard and Bolingbroke are actually very plain about their thoughts and intentions when speaking to each other. Henry never actually demands the crown from Richard; at all times, he merely demands his inheritance back and insists Richard made a mistake by taking it from him. Richard, believing in his own infallibility as king, immediately thinks Bolingbroke is launching a coup and rants about it, because if a king is capable of fallibility, he is no longer king. Henry and Richard's vastly different mindsets turn what seems to be an honest conversation into an argument about what makes a king: Divine right or their own actions. Hudson Valley Shakespeare Festival 2018 has a very different interpretation of the same lines, presenting scenes where everyone is engaging in Blatant Lies and acting in ways that contradict their stated intentions. For example, Bolingbroke claims that he only wants his lands back and doesn't intend to sieze the crown, but the sheer scale of the rebellion he's stirred up and the size of the force he has parked outside Richard's gates makes that hard to believe. At the same time, Richard asides to Aumerle how galling it is having to flatter Bolingbroke when he'd rather tell him to bugger off, damn the consequences; Aumerle replies that they're in no position to defy Bolingbroke and must play along until help arrives.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_1da5941e
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The Quiet One
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_1da5941e
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The Quiet One: Henry Bolingbroke. If he strings more than two lines of verse together, it's an occasion. At one point Richard calls him a "silent king".
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_1e12b5b7
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Lawful Stupid
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Lawful Stupid: York is determined to obey the law of the land above all else, no matter his own feelings or convictions. He refuses to support his nephew Bolingbroke's bid for the throne (since that would be supporting an act of treason), but once Bolingbroke is crowned he will do anything to support him—to the point of reporting his own son to the king for planning a conspiracy. He even goes so far as to beg Bolingbroke to put the boy to death, and is revolted when the king considers mercy! York's whole arc serves as a pretty damning indictment of anyone who that thinks they can be a good or noble person simply by following the rules, without giving any thought to the (im)morality behind them.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_254fb9cb
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Anti-Climax
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Anticlimax: The play leads up to Bolingbroke and Mowbray's duel like it's actually about to happen. Richard cancels it at the last second.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_26d2817c
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Russian Reversal
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_26d2817c
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Russian Reversal:
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_2af6bbeb
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Break the Haughty
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_2af6bbeb
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Break the Haughty: Richard's fate, as witness the contrast between Act III, Scene 2, in which he says, "Not all the water in the rough rude sea / Can wash the balm off from an anointed king," and Act IV, Scene 1, when his tune has changed to "With mine own tears I wash away my balm."
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_3a42d36c
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Gold and White Are Divine
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_3a42d36c
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Gold and White Are Divine: Richard, in the Hollow Crown production.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_3ae6199a
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Psychopathic Manchild
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_3ae6199a
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Psychopathic Manchild: Richard is sometimes played this way; spoiled, self-centered, hotheaded, and utterly immature. He only really grows up when he's been totally broken, and is about to die.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_3e8d9cd3
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Historical Hero Upgrade
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_3e8d9cd3
comment
Historical Hero Upgrade: If one regards Richard as the hero (if one regards him as the villain, this becomes a Historical Villain Downgrade), the play — in setting itself near the end of his reign — does not address the catalogue of crimes Richard was either accused or guilty of. You know you are bad when a chronicler of the time claims "This is the year (1397) when Richard's tyranny began": What takes place in the play is actually the third rebellion against him; although the first — the Peasants' Revolt — was more against his corrupt regents than Richard himself, the then-teenage king still ended it by promising the rebels that he would accede to their demands and then shortly afterwards killed all of its leaders and then vowed to make life even MORE harsh for peasants than before so that they'd never dare rebel again. The second rebellion was by his lords and barons who objected to him handing out land and titles (including ones that belonged to others) to his personal friends and ignoring his kingly duties, particularly regarding the pressing issue that France was thinking of attacking England, and Richard's infantile response of declaring the lords traitors for disagreeing with him, nearly STABBING an archbishop for it, and even threatening to INVITE the French to invade and rid him of his treasonous nobles; what really set things off was Richard forcing the judges to change the law to make him Judge, Jury, and Executioner and for it to be treasonous to oppose the king in any way. Richard was defeated but allowed to remain King, purely because civil war might have broken out if he didn't. Both Mowbray and Bolingbroke took part in this rebellion and both opposed Richard. Richard followed this by raising a private army of mercenaries on British soil loyal to him and him alone just because his Feudal lords didn't agree that their armies belonged to him and kept objecting to his desire to do whatever the hell he wanted. He used this to reinstate the treason law that set off the second rebellion. He assaulted one of his lords for being late to the funeral of his (first) wife, Anne of Bohemia. At one point, he made it court custom that if the king ever cast his gaze upon someone they must immediately prostrate themselves or face his wrath. Richard had his own uncle, Gloucester, imprisoned and tortured for rebelling against him; the torturer was another rebel (Mowbray in fact) who "atoned" for his sins by doing so, and ended up torturing Gloucester to death before he could be hauled before a Kangaroo Court that two of the other rebel nobles were doomed to face, although not before he "confessed" under torture to the crimes Richard charged him with. The real reason Mowbray and Bolingbroke were exiled was because Mowbray approached Bolingbroke warning him that Richard was plotting against them both; Bolingbroke reported him to Richard largely out of fear that Mowbray might have been sent by Richard himself as a trap, and Richard decided to use the alleged incident as an excuse to exile them both since, as he couldn't prove which one was telling the truth, he decided he might as well treat both of them as guilty. Once Mowbray and Bolingbroke were gone, Richard forced the other nobles of the land to sign their seal on blank pieces of paper which he could fill out later to make them "agree" to whatever he wanted.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_40bb59d0
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Blatant Lies
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_40bb59d0
comment
Hudson Valley Shakespeare Festival 2018 has a very different interpretation of the same lines, presenting scenes where everyone is engaging in Blatant Lies and acting in ways that contradict their stated intentions. For example, Bolingbroke claims that he only wants his lands back and doesn't intend to sieze the crown, but the sheer scale of the rebellion he's stirred up and the size of the force he has parked outside Richard's gates makes that hard to believe. At the same time, Richard asides to Aumerle how galling it is having to flatter Bolingbroke when he'd rather tell him to bugger off, damn the consequences; Aumerle replies that they're in no position to defy Bolingbroke and must play along until help arrives.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_445bc425
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GreyAndGreyMorality
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_445bc425
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Grey-and-Grey Morality: It is possible, as in the 2018 Hudson Valley Shakespeare Festival production, to depict neither Richard nor Bolingbroke as the good guy. In that case it becomes a morally ambiguous conflict between two rivals with contrasting personalities and ideas about how to rule.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_469e3e2f
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In-Universe
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_469e3e2f
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It depends on productions but many of the nobles have a long list of legitimate grievances against Richard II. His ransacking of Gaunt's lands is the In-Universe Moral Event Horizon for the nobles.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_4ce20451
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Rhetorical Request Blunder
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_4ce20451
comment
Rhetorical Request Blunder: When Bolingbroke says, "Have I no friend will rid me of this living fear?", Exton interprets this as an order to kill the already-defeated King Richard. When presented with the head of his foe, Henry expresses horror and tries to atone for his part in Richard's death by launching a crusade.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_4ef62a4d
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Full-Circle Revolution
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_4ef62a4d
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Full-Circle Revolution: By the end of the play, Henry IV is doing some of the same things that Richard II was doing at the start of the play. Appropriately, most of the same rebels are ready to rebel again by the start of the next play.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_5037b961
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Et Tu, Brute?
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_5037b961
comment
Et Tu, Brute?: Bolingbroke, though he winds up being the one who gets backstabbed later in history. However, he's much more sympathetic than Richard, who capriciously seizes the lands of his vassals to pay for his wars, and Bolingbroke's rebellion to reclaim Lancaster is more or less justified by both the narrative and the characters.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_50b05d30
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Disproportionate Retribution
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_50b05d30
comment
Disproportionate Retribution: Downplayed, since Richard was an arrogant king and greatly aggrieved his subjects, but even so the degradation inflicted on him by Bolingbroke and his violent death at the hands of an ambitious noble are so harsh as to inspire pity. His stabbing death in the play is still better than he got in real life - starving to death in an Oubliette.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_52aa0c4a
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The Caligula
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_52aa0c4a
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At one point, he made it court custom that if the king ever cast his gaze upon someone they must immediately prostrate themselves or face his wrath.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_55d33017
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Sheltered Aristocrat
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_55d33017
comment
Sheltered Aristocrat: Richard's exalted position and sheltered life mean that he lacks the kind of military charisma and sensitivity to the mood of his subjects which the more rough and ready Bolingbroke possesses.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_5d3e7c6
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Kangaroo Court
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_5d3e7c6
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Kangaroo Court: Richard's trial by Bolingbroke immediately after his deposition, which is merely a show to legitimize Bolingbroke's usurpation of power.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_63b02752
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Hair-Trigger Temper
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_63b02752
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He assaulted one of his lords for being late to the funeral of his (first) wife, Anne of Bohemia.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_6b05b601
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Jerkass Has a Point
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_6b05b601
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Jerkass Has a Point: It depends on productions but many of the nobles have a long list of legitimate grievances against Richard II. His ransacking of Gaunt's lands is the In-Universe Moral Event Horizon for the nobles. Carlisle's speech is Foreshadowing the Wars of the Roses shall come from the deposition of Richard and urges them not to go through with it for this reason.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_6c51e9e1
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Fisher King
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_6c51e9e1
comment
Fisher King: Deconstructed; garden imagery dominates the play, but it's more complicated than "the king is sad, so the land weeps."
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_7919a45b
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Duel to the Death
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_7919a45b
comment
Duel to the Death: Mowbray and Bolingbroke agree to determine who the real traitor is through a judicial duel before the authorities, but Richard stops them at the very moment they're about to lay into each other.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_7febc23b
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Establishing Character Moment
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_7febc23b
comment
Establishing Character Moment: Richard interrupting the duel between Bolingbroke and Mowbray to banish them for ten (changed to six) years and life, respectively. He is shown to change his mind easily (first he lets the duel go ahead, then he doesn't; first he exiles Bolingbroke for ten years, then six) and make snap decisions for arbitrary reasons (he waits until Bolingbroke and Mowbray are about to strike the first blows to stop the duel, and gives no real reason for why Mowbray is exiled for life and Bolingbroke is not). These traits lead him to make further bad decisions that turn the English nobility and common people alike against him, resulting in Bolingbroke having little trouble getting widespread support for his attempt to depose Richard.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_80a247a9
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Breather Episode
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_80a247a9
comment
Breather Episode: Bolingbroke's pardoning of Aumerle is very easy to play this way, with the comedic bickering and groveling breaking up the heavy scenes before and after.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_8288929a
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Rewarded as a Traitor Deserves
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_8288929a
comment
What takes place in the play is actually the third rebellion against him; although the first — the Peasants' Revolt — was more against his corrupt regents than Richard himself, the then-teenage king still ended it by promising the rebels that he would accede to their demands and then shortly afterwards killed all of its leaders and then vowed to make life even MORE harsh for peasants than before so that they'd never dare rebel again.
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 Richard II (Theatre) / int_8411ab92
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Red Oni, Blue Oni
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_8411ab92
comment
Red Oni, Blue Oni: Mowbray and Bolingbroke in their appeal to the King, and before their aborted duel. Richard and Bolingbroke, too; Richard's emotion-driven and impulsive, while Bolingbroke is more intellectual and cautious.
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 Richard II (Theatre)
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Richard II (Theatre) / int_8411ab92
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_8709ea16
type
Weeding Out Imperfections
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_8709ea16
comment
Weeding Out Imperfections: In Act 3 Scene 4, the Queen and her ladies in waiting overhear Richard's deposition being discussed by a head gardener, who uses gardening similes and metaphors to talk about Richard's fall and the mistakes he made in dealing with the nobility.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_8709ea16
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1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_8709ea16
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1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Richard II (Theatre) / int_8709ea16
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_898ff050
type
Villain Protagonist
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_898ff050
comment
Villain Protagonist: Richard is the main character of the play, but he is a capricious, ineffective, unpopular ruler who seizes his uncle's lands to fund an ill-considered war in Ireland, even though said uncle's son is still alive.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_898ff050
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1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_898ff050
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1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Richard II (Theatre) / int_898ff050
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_903e9dc9
type
Regent for Life
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_903e9dc9
comment
Regent for Life: A more sympathetic example than most.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_903e9dc9
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_903e9dc9
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_903e9dc9
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_9a68179
type
Holding the Floor
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_9a68179
comment
Holding the Floor: Richard's ability to do this at his "formal" abdication is the only thing that lets him keep some amount of personal power and dignity.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_9a68179
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1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_9a68179
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Richard II (Theatre) / int_9a68179
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_9d12bbc1
type
Foreshadowing
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_9d12bbc1
comment
Carlisle's speech is Foreshadowing the Wars of the Roses shall come from the deposition of Richard and urges them not to go through with it for this reason.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_9d12bbc1
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_9d12bbc1
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Richard II (Theatre) / int_9d12bbc1
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a05abbc8
type
Throwing Down the Gauntlet
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a05abbc8
comment
Throwing Down the Gauntlet: Bolingbroke and Mowbray challenge each other to duel by literally throwing down their gauntlets in front of one another. Then again later in Act IV: Fitzwater and Aumerle have it out over Aumerle's supposed conspiring and challenge each other, then Hotspur, who just likes to fight, throws his gage down, and suddenly everyone's gloves are on the floor. Aumerle even has to ask someone to lend him a third!
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a05abbc8
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1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a05abbc8
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1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Richard II (Theatre) / int_a05abbc8
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a1a38c5d
type
Divine Right of Kings
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a1a38c5d
comment
One way to present the play is that Richard and Bolingbroke are actually very plain about their thoughts and intentions when speaking to each other. Henry never actually demands the crown from Richard; at all times, he merely demands his inheritance back and insists Richard made a mistake by taking it from him. Richard, believing in his own infallibility as king, immediately thinks Bolingbroke is launching a coup and rants about it, because if a king is capable of fallibility, he is no longer king. Henry and Richard's vastly different mindsets turn what seems to be an honest conversation into an argument about what makes a king: Divine right or their own actions.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a1a38c5d
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a1a38c5d
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1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Richard II (Theatre) / int_a1a38c5d
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a2484b0e
type
The Beautiful Elite
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a2484b0e
comment
The Beautiful Elite: Richard and his favorites.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a2484b0e
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a2484b0e
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1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Richard II (Theatre) / int_a2484b0e
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a42f56b0
type
Royal "We"
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a42f56b0
comment
Royal "We": Richard's default way of referring to his royal self. "Let us sit upon the ground and tell sad stories of the death of kings."
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a42f56b0
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a42f56b0
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_a42f56b0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a679184b
type
Due to the Dead
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a679184b
comment
Due to the Dead: Bolingbroke determines not only to give Richard a properly royal funeral, but to make a crusade of expiation (he never did fulfill the second part, either in Shakespeare or Real Life).
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a679184b
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a679184b
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_a679184b
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a8adc5a0
type
Like a Son to Me
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a8adc5a0
comment
Like a Son to Me: Inverted. Bolingbroke says that, in York, he sees his father Gaunt, and uses it to say that if Gaunt were alive and Aumerle were disinherited unjustly, he would help his nephew reclaim his just rights, as Henry was now asking of his uncle.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a8adc5a0
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_a8adc5a0
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_a8adc5a0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_abf4c466
type
The Paragon Always Rebels
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_abf4c466
comment
The Paragon Always Rebels: Henry of Bolingbroke. The best jouster in England, the son and heir of the powerful John of Gaunt, and a much more capable and honest ruler than Richard. Naturally, he rebels and brings a sizable portion of the country over to his side. Except, in an inversion of the trope, Bolingbroke is not the villain. Ironically, Sir Henry Percy, who appears in this play as one of his closest allies, would later be this to him.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_abf4c466
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_abf4c466
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_abf4c466
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_b1dde8fd
type
Loophole Abuse
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_b1dde8fd
comment
Loophole Abuse: Bolingbroke returns to England because it was the Duke of Hereford who was exiled, and following his father's death he's the Duke of Lancaster.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_b1dde8fd
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_b1dde8fd
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1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_b1dde8fd
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_b5b4b077
type
The Ace
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_b5b4b077
comment
The Ace: Bolingbroke. He's basically everything Richard is not: a cunning strategist, a capable decision maker, and popular with the English people. He ends up as a Broken Ace by the play's end, and begins Henry IV angsting about what he did.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_b5b4b077
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_b5b4b077
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_b5b4b077
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_bb18a227
type
It's All About Me
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_bb18a227
comment
It's All About Me: Your nobles are declaring each other traitor and lots of behind-the-scenes maneuvering and murder threatens the stability of your crown. Clearly the thing to do is invade Ireland. (This is largely a result of the play, like all of Shakespeare's histories, being a Compressed Adaptation; in real life Richard's invasion of Ireland took place eight months after Bolingbroke's banishment and three months after Gaunt's death.)
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_bb18a227
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_bb18a227
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_bb18a227
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_c132c0c5
type
I Have No Son!
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_c132c0c5
comment
I Have No Son!: The Duke of York reacting to Aumerle's treason against Bolingbroke.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_c132c0c5
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_c132c0c5
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_c132c0c5
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_c4240537
type
Moral Event Horizon
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_c4240537
comment
Moral Event Horizon: Two in-universe examples, one for Richard and one for Bolingbroke. Richard's is the taking of Gaunt's land and money away from Bolingbroke, the rightful heir to them, and Richard is explicitly warned that once he does it there's no going back. He doesn't care. Bolingbroke's is his deposition and humiliation of Richard, because it will trigger a struggle for the crown we now know as The Wars Of The Roses.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_c4240537
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_c4240537
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_c4240537
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_caf8c66c
type
The Chains of Commanding
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_caf8c66c
comment
The Chains of Commanding: Richard muses a lot on the subject, speaking to Bolingbroke of the heavy cares that come with the crown.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_caf8c66c
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_caf8c66c
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_caf8c66c
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_d1fc4a16
type
Please Spare Him, My Liege!
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_d1fc4a16
comment
Please Spare Him, My Liege!: Averted with John of Gaunt and Richard. At Gaunt's entreaties, Richard commutes Bolingbroke's sentence from ten years to six, but refuses to go further. Later, played straight with the Duchess of York and Bolingbroke over Aumerle; her pleas persuade Bolingbroke to give Aumerle a full pardon.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_d1fc4a16
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-1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_d1fc4a16
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_d1fc4a16
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_d9b4cc7f
type
Abdicate the Throne
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_d9b4cc7f
comment
Abdicate the Throne: Richard abdicates under duress from Bolingbroke, yet he still struggles to do it on his own terms rather than those dictated to him.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_d9b4cc7f
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_d9b4cc7f
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_d9b4cc7f
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_da12bcfb
type
You Can't Go Home Again
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_da12bcfb
comment
You Can't Go Home Again: Played straight with Mowbray, who is banished and dies offstage. Bolingbroke is also exiled, but he comes back.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_da12bcfb
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_da12bcfb
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_da12bcfb
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_e11b003d
type
Translation Convention
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_e11b003d
comment
Translation Convention: Averted—Mowbray has a moving speech about how his banishment from England means he will never be able to talk to anyone anywhere. Possibly artistic license, since the English court often spoke French during that period, but Richard's grandfather Edward III had made English the official language of the court in 1362, and Parliament had been opened in French for the last time in 1377. In Real Life Bolingbroke became the first English monarch since the Conquest who actually spoke English as his native tongue. Any high noble would have been able to speak enough French to get along in France.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_e11b003d
featureApplicability
-1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_e11b003d
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_e11b003d
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_e34400ab
type
Ambiguously Gay
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_e34400ab
comment
Ambiguously Gay: Richard. This is possibly due to the fact that the play was heavily inspired by Marlowe's Edward II, wherein Edward is very gay and has a canonical male lover. The historical Richard II may have been bisexual, and certainly his attachment to his male favorites generated rumors in his own day, which is hinted at in some of Shakespeare's sources.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_e34400ab
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_e34400ab
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_e34400ab
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_e8878c29
type
Despair Speech
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_e8878c29
comment
Despair Speech: "For God's sake, let us sit upon the ground / and tell sad stories of the death of kings..."
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_e8878c29
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_e8878c29
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_e8878c29
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_e92841f
type
Talking the Monster to Death
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_e92841f
comment
Talking the Monster to Death: Richard allows his dethroning without much fuss (besides the war, that is), but when asked to confess to his crimes, it is only his incessant speechifying that saves him from complete humiliation.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_e92841f
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_e92841f
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_e92841f
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_ea38ddd5
type
Sissy Villain
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_ea38ddd5
comment
Sissy Villain: Richard, insofar as he is a villain, is portrayed this way in many modern productions (notably by Ben Whishaw and David Tennant), being effeminate, vain, melodramatic, Ambiguously Gay, and embarrassing to many of his subjects, particularly the ones whose land he claims.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_ea38ddd5
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_ea38ddd5
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_ea38ddd5
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_eba6a077
type
Cain and Abel
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_eba6a077
comment
Cain and Abel: Bolingbroke references this in his first scene, referring to the slain Gloucester as Abel, and implicitly casting Richard as Cain. This is given an Ironic Echo in the very last scene where Bolingbroke, now king, refers to Exton, Richard's murderer as Cain, though it's uncertain how sincere he's being since he's said to have wanted Richard to die.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_eba6a077
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_eba6a077
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_eba6a077
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_ee9877ea
type
Too Good for This Sinful Earth
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_ee9877ea
comment
Too Good for This Sinful Earth: The Duke of Gloucester, to hear some characters speak of it. Many 19th century productions played Richard this way, too.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_ee9877ea
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_ee9877ea
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_ee9877ea
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f109b8e5
type
Reluctant Gift
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f109b8e5
comment
Reluctant Gift: In the climactic deposition scene, Richard II, having been backed into a corner largely through his own incompetence and pretty much forced to abdicate, dithers for pages and pages on handing over the actual physical crown to his deposer (the soon-to-be Henry IV). Richard really has no choice anymore — he's squandered all his chances to assert his authority — but when it comes to handing over the crown, he first forces Henry to come take it from him rather than handing it over, then tugs it back out of Henry's hands momentarily before yielding to the inevitable. And then keeps speechifying about it. (It is a matter of interpretation just how much of Richard's melodramatics in this scene is a genuine childish tantrum and how much is a performance calculated to make Henry look pathetic and power-grabbing. Both elements are certainly present.)
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f109b8e5
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f109b8e5
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_f109b8e5
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f1d3f0c9
type
Sesquipedalian Loquaciousness
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f1d3f0c9
comment
Sesquipedalian Loquaciousness: Though not a traditional example of the trope, Richard never uses one word when ten will do.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f1d3f0c9
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f1d3f0c9
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Richard II (Theatre) / int_f1d3f0c9
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f36c4f98
type
Easily Forgiven
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f36c4f98
comment
Easily Forgiven: Bolingbroke is quick to pardon Aumerle, considering he was conspiring to overthrow him.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f36c4f98
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f36c4f98
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1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_f36c4f98
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f617419c
type
Trial by Combat
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f617419c
comment
Trial by Combat: Bolingbroke and Mowbray are planning to fight a Duel to the Death officiated by the king after each accuses the other of treason. Just when the combat is about to start, Richard stops the fight and exiles them both instead.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f617419c
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f617419c
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_f617419c
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f7512035
type
Cope by Pretending
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f7512035
comment
Cope by Pretending: John of Gaunt suggests that Bolingbroke forget about being exiled and pretend that he is voluntarily traveling abroad. Bolingbroke dismisses the idea:
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f7512035
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f7512035
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1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Richard II (Theatre) / int_f7512035
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f9671119
type
Death Equals Redemption
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f9671119
comment
Death Equals Redemption: In a variation of the trope, Richard finally lives up to the honor of his ancestors by putting up a courageous fight against his murderers.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f9671119
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_f9671119
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Richard II (Theatre) / int_f9671119
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_fcacf08e
type
The Lady's Favour
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_fcacf08e
comment
The Lady's Favour: Prince Hal shows contempt for the celebration of his father's accession to the throne by jousting with a token from a common prostitute.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_fcacf08e
featureApplicability
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_fcacf08e
featureConfidence
1.0
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Richard II (Theatre) / int_fcacf08e
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_ff7f34c5
type
Pet the Dog
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_ff7f34c5
comment
Pet the Dog Richard, after issuing Bolingbroke's sentence of exile, immediately shortens its duration. John of Gaunt (Bolingbroke's father), however, is not too pleased, since six years is still too long for him (and as we see him dying later in the play, this is seen as justified). Bolingbroke pardoning Aumerle, if only because the Duchess of York begs him to.
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_ff7f34c5
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Richard II (Theatre) / int_ff7f34c5
 Richard II (Theatre) / int_name
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ItemName
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Richard II (Theatre) / int_name
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Richard II (Theatre)

The following is a list of statements referring to the current page from other pages.

 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Abdicate the Throne / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Autocannibalism / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Background Halo / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Bad News in a Good Way / int_7d67d66e
 BenWhishaw
seeAlso
Richard II (Theatre)
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Biography / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Body Motifs / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Bury Your Gays / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Character Title / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Coming of Age Story / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Death by Despair / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Decapitation Presentation / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Despair Speech / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Dramatic Sit-Down / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Fictionalized Death Account / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Historical Fiction / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Ignored Enamored Underling / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Incest Yay Shipping / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Looks Like Jesus / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Love Ruins the Realm / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
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No Historical Figures Were Harmed / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Plot-Triggering Death / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Pre-Mortem One-Liner / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
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Rage Against the Reflection / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Reluctant Gift / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Rhetorical Request Blunder / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II
seeAlso
Richard II (Theatre)
 RichardTheSecond
seeAlso
Richard II (Theatre)
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Sheltered Aristocrat / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Sketchy Successor / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
"Take That!" Kiss / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
The Coup / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
The Exile / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
The Wrongful Heir to the Throne / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Trrrilling Rrrs / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Wall Slump / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Weeding Out Imperfections / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II / Theater
seeAlso
Richard II (Theatre)
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
Holding the Floor / int_7d67d66e
 Richard II (Theatre)
hasFeature
The Chains of Commanding / int_7d67d66e
 richardii
sameAs
Richard II (Theatre)