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Wolf Hall

894 statements
176 feature instances
88 referencing feature instances

Wolf Hall	type	TVTItem
Wolf Hall	label	Wolf Hall
Wolf Hall	page	WolfHall
Wolf Hall	comment	Wolf Hall is a novel by Hilary Mantel told from the perspective of Thomas Cromwell, one of Henry VIII's favourite advisors in the 1530s. It portrays him much more positively than most fictional depictions of Cromwell tend to, as a generally nice guy with extraordinary talents and a good sense of humour who just happens to occasionally do some morally ambiguous things to keep favour with his king. It won the 2009 Man Booker Prize, as did its sequel, Bring Up The Bodies, in 2012. A third book, The Mirror and the Light, was published in March 2020.Probably a reasonable paperweight, if you're going to abuse it in such a way.The first two books were adapted for the stage in 2013 as Wolf Hall Parts 1 & 2 and transferred to Broadway in 2015, where the plays were nominated for 8 Tony Awards, winning one (Best Costume Design). A television miniseries followed, also in 2015.
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Wolf Hall / int_126ce03c	type	I Was Quite a Looker
Wolf Hall / int_126ce03c	comment	I Was Quite a Looker: Catherine of Aragon is middle-aged and overweight in the present, but Wolsey tells Cromwell that she was stunningly beautiful in her youth.
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Wolf Hall / int_154aa477	type	Big, Screwed-Up Family
Wolf Hall / int_154aa477	comment	Big, Screwed-Up Family: The Boleyns are grasping and ambitious, more or less selling their daughter Mary to powerful men in hopes of increasing their own standing. Anne takes a lesson to be flirtatious but not actually promiscuous. Her brother and sister-in-law have an awful marriage, and when Anne loses Henry's favor, most of her relatives turn on her like piranha, happily assisting in her downfall. The Seymours have problems too. John Seymour had an affair with his daughter-in-law, leaving his son Edward in serious doubt about who her sons belong to, not to mention enraged. Edward and his brothers Henry and Tom both talk about Jane as a commodity. She and her sister, who are both basically reasonable, don't really like to spend time at home.
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Wolf Hall / int_15b2cab3	type	Tempting Fate
Wolf Hall / int_15b2cab3	comment	Tempting Fate: When Anne is about to give birth, Cromwell advises the men drawing up the proclamations to leave a little space in case they need to add an ss to the word prince. They don't. They should have.
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Wolf Hall / int_1649e053	type	Your Mom
Wolf Hall / int_1649e053	comment	Your Mom: When Elizabeth Barton confronts Henry in public, he brushes off her doom-laden prophecies with a joking tone. Then she tells him she can see his mother, and he instantly grows serious.
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Wolf Hall / int_1675f03d	type	Macho Masochism
Wolf Hall / int_1675f03d	comment	Macho Masochism: Cromwell remembers an incident from his soldiering career in Italy where on a bet, he picked up a (potentially poisonous) snake with the intent of holding it for 10 seconds. It bit him early in the count, but he kept on holding it. After that, no one dared cross him.
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Wolf Hall / int_16e362fb	type	Bilingual Backfire
Wolf Hall / int_16e362fb	comment	Bilingual Backfire: While they're both still working for Wolsey, Mark Smeaton speaks his native Flemish to discuss unsavory rumors of Thomas Cromwell's past. He wasn't trying to hide it specifically (as Cromwell was outside the room at the time) but he still surprises Smeaton by addressing him in Flemish years afterward and reminding him of that conversation.
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Wolf Hall / int_170cf4b6	type	Heroes Love Dogs
Wolf Hall / int_170cf4b6	comment	Heroes Love Dogs: Especially little ones that remind him of his childhood pet. When Anne is crying over her spaniel's suspicious death by falling, Cromwell entirely sympathizes and knows not to suggest getting a new one.
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Wolf Hall / int_1869b4b1	type	Unreliable Narrator
Wolf Hall / int_1869b4b1	comment	Unreliable Narrator: While not lying to himself exactly, Cromwell definitely tends to skip over the less morally sound parts of his thought processes. It is implied at the end of Bring Up The Bodies that he chose the five men charged with adultery with Anne because they took part in the 'Sending The Cardinal To Hell' masque, but this is never brought up in the narration while he's actually doing the organising.
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Wolf Hall / int_18d15922	type	Title Drop
Wolf Hall / int_18d15922	comment	Title Drop: Wolf Hall is an alternative spelling for Wulfhall, an estate owned by the Seymours. It comes up a couple of times in connection to the lady-in-waiting Jane Seymour, foreshadowing the larger role it and she will play in the sequel. "Bring up the bodies" is the command sent to the Tower of London when it's time for the men accused of adultery with Anne Boleyn to be brought out for their trial. In The Mirror and the Light, King Henry is flatteringly described as "the mirror and the light of other kings". Also, the final section of the novel consists of two chapters, "The Mirror" (describing Cromwell's reflections on the night before his death) and "The Light" (describing the death itself).
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Wolf Hall / int_1bc2e445	type	End of an Age
Wolf Hall / int_1bc2e445	comment	End of an Age: Cromwell contemplates the end of knights as no bad thing—wars are costly and destructive, especially ones where kings lead armies and possibly get captured for enormous ransoms, most displays of chivalry now happen at tourneys, and the world is run more from Antwerp and Florence than Whitehall; bankers are taking over. He demonstrates this most strongly when he successfully counters Harry Percy's threat of soldiers with a threat of creditors.
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Wolf Hall / int_1c1d243c	type	Brotherâ€“Sister Team
Wolf Hall / int_1c1d243c	comment	Brotherâ€“Sister Team: Anne and George Boleyn. It doesn't go well for them.
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Wolf Hall / int_1c3d047e	type	The Rival
Wolf Hall / int_1c3d047e	comment	The Rival: Endless and numerous rivalries abound, but Stephen Gardiner is Cromwell's nemesis, starting from their days working for Wolsey. Cromwell attributes its origin to a couple of things—Gardiner's shaky connection to the Tudor family and being pushed into the Church giving him a bad attitude, and he can't escape being the son of a cloth merchant around a man who knows every cloth merchant in England. Whatever the cause, Gardiner despises Cromwell and would be involved in his downfall in 1540, along with Norfolk.
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Wolf Hall / int_1c445e86	type	Poor Communication Kills
Wolf Hall / int_1c445e86	comment	Through an insufficiently explicit marriage offer made by Cromwell to her brother, Bess Oughtred—Jane Seymour's widowed sister—believes that she's going to be marrying Cromwell rather than his son Gregory. A rather mortifying conversation between her and Cromwell ensues shortly before the wedding during which Cromwell falls over himself explaining how much more suitable a husband Gregory would be, even though she seemed entirely fine with the idea.
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Wolf Hall / int_1dfd19f9	type	Papa Wolf
Wolf Hall / int_1dfd19f9	comment	Papa Wolf: When one of his apprentices expresses a fear of Thomas More after delivering a letter from Tyndale, Cromwell says he would beat More's head against the cobbles to let in "some of God's love" if More tried to arrest a member of his household. Cromwell also shuts down, in a rather threatening manner, someone jawing about Thomas Wyatt's infatuation with Queen Anne.
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Wolf Hall / int_1f250372	type	I Need a Freaking Drink
Wolf Hall / int_1f250372	comment	I Need a Freaking Drink: The first thing Cromwell does after escaping Henry's rage is to find a goblet of wine and a chair to sit down in.
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Wolf Hall / int_1f6983f7	type	Ambiguous Situation
Wolf Hall / int_1f6983f7	comment	Ambiguous Situation: Despite its focus on the fall of Anne Boleyn, Bring Up The Bodies never makes it clear whether or not Anne is actually having an affair. Cromwell's position on the matter swings back and forth several times: he knows Anne is a strong-willed, intelligent woman who fully realises the implications of adultery, but she's also a rampant egotist who thrives on the attention of men and she's becoming tired of being treated as a doormat during sex. The ambiguity is at its clearest during Cromwell's interrogation of Weston. He seems to be on the verge of making a genuine confession of adultery, but a troubled Cromwell decides to leave the room at that moment for reasons he can't parse even to himself. In the end, of course, Anne's guilt or otherwise is irrelevant—Henry wants her gone, and making her out to be unfaithful is the simplest method.
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Wolf Hall / int_24c685bf	type	Good Bad Girl
Wolf Hall / int_24c685bf	comment	Good Bad Girl: Mary Boleyn. She was the mistress to the King of France and then Henry; her children are purported to be Henry's rather than her late husbands (as the son is a redhead, Cromwell finds this eminently plausible), and is described as "dispensing her favors" around the French court before doing the same at home. She also flirts with Cromwell quite a bit. However, her indiscretions are pushed on her by her family's ambitions. She's disgusted with their gameplaying and hypocritical treatment of her and wants to marry someone who won't die to free herself from their abuse. Cromwell seriously considers her as a potential wife for Richard before Henry decides he needs her as a bedwarmer during Anne's pregnancy, but she takes matters into her own hands by eloping with a poor but loving knight and doesn't grieve much when Anne boots her out of court.
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Wolf Hall / int_272b4fce	type	What's Up, King Dude?
Wolf Hall / int_272b4fce	comment	What's Up, King Dude?: The Duke of Suffolk grew up with Henry and is prone to do things like barging into rooms shouting "ARE YOU READY YET HARRY" like a schoolboy.
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Wolf Hall / int_2764d432	type	Bitch in Sheep's Clothing
Wolf Hall / int_2764d432	comment	Bitch in Sheep's Clothing: Harry Norris, one of Henry's oldest friends, is called "Gentle Norris" for his manners. Cromwell's use of the nickname is always sarcastic because Norris only behaves this way towards his equals in rank and manages to snap up all the most lucrative posts of the Privy Chamber while behaving as though he's doing everyone else a favor by taking them. Thomas More is depicted as this; at first glance, he is a pious, humble and intelligent man, the ideal Rennaissance scholar. Beneath that, he beats his servants, publicly humiliates his family, and tortures Protestants...while still claiming he has never caused any harm. Cromwell despises this about him, remarking bitterly that because More and his friends write the history books, history will remember him only as he chooses to portray himself. More hangs an enormous painting of his family in his home, and Cromwell notes that it's set up so that you see the impressive, painted version of the family before you see the real thing. He decides that prefers the painted More.
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Wolf Hall / int_2765af58	type	Language Fluency Denial
Wolf Hall / int_2765af58	comment	Language Fluency Denial: Cromwell has developed a fluency in a number of languages, which he often puts to use in his professional life. However, early in the novel, Cardinal Wolsey inquires about Cromwell's knowledge of Castilian Spanish for a mission involving Henry VIII's attempts to divorce Catherine of Aragon. While Cromwell actually is fluent in the language, he pretends to have only basic knowledge because he knows that the assignment would not bode well for his advancement.
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Wolf Hall / int_2848e7d2	type	Oblivious to Love
Wolf Hall / int_2848e7d2	comment	Oblivious to Love: When Helen Barre asks Cromwell just how sure he is that her disappeared husband is dead so that she's free to marry again, he just answers that he's very sure and goes on with his other business. It's not until months later, after she's married Rafe, that Cromwell realizes she wanted to be free to marry him. One of the few times he misses a trick. Through an insufficiently explicit marriage offer made by Cromwell to her brother, Bess Oughtred—Jane Seymour's widowed sister—believes that she's going to be marrying Cromwell rather than his son Gregory. A rather mortifying conversation between her and Cromwell ensues shortly before the wedding during which Cromwell falls over himself explaining how much more suitable a husband Gregory would be, even though she seemed entirely fine with the idea.
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Wolf Hall / int_293f8cd8	type	I Meant to Do That
Wolf Hall / int_293f8cd8	comment	I Meant to Do That: Cromwell is summoned to Henry's bedchamber in the middle of the night and finds the king distraught about a dream he'd had in which his late brother appeared to him. Henry feels that his brother was reproaching him, but Cromwell (who badly wants Henry to regard him as a Hypercompetent Sidekick) suggests that the brother was urging Henry to become the best king he can be and throw off the power of the church. Henry, who is a bit of a ditz, cheers up immediately and says "I always send for the right people."
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Wolf Hall / int_2b68b7fa	type	Sickeningly Sweethearts
Wolf Hall / int_2b68b7fa	comment	Sickeningly Sweethearts: Henry and Anne simper and coo over each other whenever they aren't acting like the Bickersons—Cromwell prefers the latter to the former, though he didn't realize how that would end.
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Wolf Hall / int_2b851bd4	type	The Scrooge
Wolf Hall / int_2b851bd4	comment	The Scrooge: Henry is willing to pour fortunes into his military campaigns, but when it comes to the women in his life he can be much more stingy. He tries to get hold of Katherine's fine furs and plate after she dies, even though Richard Riche points out that if Henry and Katherine were never truly married — as Henry has been claiming nonstop for close on a decade — then he's only her brother-in-law, and therefore not legally entitled to her property. (Cromwell muses that Henry will find some loophole and get the furs and plate regardless.) When he sends Jane Seymour a courting gift of a prayer book, she's disappointed when she sees that it still has the initials H and A on the cover; as Cromwell makes excuses, saying the A can be replaced, he mentally notes that you can still see where the K used to be, meaning Henry's used the same gift for three different women. And when his bastard son Fitzroy dies of consumption, Henry refuses to let his daughter-in-law Mary Howard keep many of the lands that should have come to her as his son's widow, since the marriage wasn't consummated (on Henry's order, mind you!).
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Wolf Hall / int_2bf993ad	type	Secret Relationship
Wolf Hall / int_2bf993ad	comment	Secret Relationship: Rafe somehow manages to marry Helen Barre without Cromwell even noticing. Both men are pretty astonished that such a thing was possible. Archbishop Cranmer reveals that he's secretly married Grete, the niece of German reformer Andreas Osiander, and has smuggled her into England because she's pregnant. Cromwell's reaction is basically Oh, Crap! before he runs off and grabs Helen to help her out.
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Wolf Hall / int_3149c4b0	type	It Will Never Catch On
Wolf Hall / int_3149c4b0	comment	It Will Never Catch On: Anne Boleyn gleefully tells Cromwell of a sex scandal in the Seymour family, then says of Jane Seymour, her lady in waiting: "No one wants Milksop, and now no one will." This is...not correct.
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Wolf Hall / int_31df118	type	Attention Whore
Wolf Hall / int_31df118	comment	Elizabeth Barton. She's portrayed as an Attention Whore who didn't understand the consequences of her prophesying and was exploited by the Poles and Cortenays in their desire to take the throne back from the Tudors. Cromwell thinks she's probably been abused and has certainly been ill-served by the priests who directed her; when he does the paperwork to seize her possessions prior to execution she has almost nothing, and he provides the bribe she'll need to get a quick death from the hangman.
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Wolf Hall / int_33c2b1e2	type	Best Served Cold
Wolf Hall / int_33c2b1e2	comment	Best Served Cold: One interpretation of Cromwell's role in Anne Boleyn's last days is that, although he managed to hide it well, he never forgave Anne for her part in Wolsey's downfall. He allies himself with her and aids her in becoming queen while benefiting from her rise himself, but when she proves to no longer be useful he takes his chance to get her back for it. Similarly, he makes sure to note all the people involved in the "Sending the Cardinal to Hell" masque and conveniently chooses them to be executed for committing adultery and treason with her.
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Wolf Hall / int_33f1c576	type	Not Helping Your Case
Wolf Hall / int_33f1c576	comment	Not Helping Your Case: Cromwell wants to bury his disreputable past and establish himself and his family as respectable, but he still makes use of his dark reputation and physically imposing presence whenever it would be useful in achieving whatever end he's after... and it's often useful. He's also appalled that Risley thinks he could extend his vengeance for Wolsey to Henry himself. Cromwell is loyal to Henry (despite being aggravated whenever Henry acts like Wolsey's death had nothing to do with him), but given what he did to Anne and the "demons", it's not that unreasonable a conclusion.
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Wolf Hall / int_34f8042a	type	Gratuitous French
Wolf Hall / int_34f8042a	comment	Gratuitous French: Anne Boleyn, who lived at the French court with her ambassador father, is described as throwing a lot of French expressions into her speech and playing up her "foreignness" to seem more interesting.
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Wolf Hall / int_351e7cf9	type	Romanticism Versus Enlightenment
Wolf Hall / int_351e7cf9	comment	Romanticism Versus Enlightenment: Cromwell, with his extensive travels, practical experience as a banker and merchant (among many other occupations), appreciation for new trends in theology, politics, and economics, and generally pragmatic outlook, is a thoroughly enlightened Renaissance man. Henry and his court, meanwhile, are still stuck in the Romantic Middle Ages. A major theme of the series is the inevitability of Enlightenment overtaking a world still clinging to Romanticism. Since this is almost always presented as a good thing (naturally enough, since Cromwell is the POV character), the books could be said to fall squarely on the Enlightenment side of the scale.
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Wolf Hall / int_373283c9	type	This Cannot Be!
Wolf Hall / int_373283c9	comment	This Cannot Be!: Anne and the four noble men accused as her lovers can't accept the reality of what's happening to them for quite some time, though at different speeds (Weston comes to grips with his hopeless situation soon into Cromwell's interrogation). Anne keeps looking up at the Tower until she ascends the scaffold, and even the constable of the Tower of London admits he was expecting a Last-Minute Reprieve from Henry.
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Wolf Hall / int_382a6399	type	The Hero Dies
Wolf Hall / int_382a6399	comment	The Hero Dies: Cromwell is executed in the last book in the trilogy.
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Wolf Hall / int_3bc88a7f	type	Foregone Conclusion
Wolf Hall / int_3bc88a7f	comment	Foregone Conclusion: Anyone with even a basic knowledge of Henry VIII's reign knows how things will turn out. The crucial appeal of the story is that the people in it themselves don't know that - as Hilary Mantell puts it, "These characters do not know they are in history."
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Wolf Hall / int_3cb68bd3	type	Cut His Heart Out with a Spoon
Wolf Hall / int_3cb68bd3	comment	Cut His Heart Out with a Spoon: The Duke of Norfolk enjoys making threats of this kind, starting with saying that if Wolsey doesn't leave pronto, he, Norfolk, will tear the Cardinal's bollocks off with his teeth. (Cromwell sardonically asks if he can substitute "bite" for "tear" and is told to substitute nothing, but he uses that modification later when threatening Harry Percy with Norfolk's retribution.)
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Wolf Hall / int_3d038b36	type	Rhetorical Question Blunder
Wolf Hall / int_3d038b36	comment	Rhetorical Question Blunder: Cromwell has a habit of answering questions that the speaker only meant rhetorically (or was plainly expecting a different answer to).
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Wolf Hall / int_3e8d9cd3	type	Historical Hero Upgrade
Wolf Hall / int_3e8d9cd3	comment	Historical Hero Upgrade: Cromwell. At best he's considered an amoral bureaucrat, but more often he's seen as a backstabbing, ambitious Social Climber. Here he's portrayed as a family man whose acquisition of wealth is to make his family respectable and comfortable, whose opposition to the Church comes from sincere objections to their practices, and his questionable deeds and machinations arise from his intense loyalty to his first master, Cardinal Wolsey. The real Cromwell was also at ease with torture, ordering it to be carried out through letters. Cardinal Thomas Wolsey also benefits this in this portrayal. More than Cromwell, Wolsey is almost universally portrayed as a hypocrite whose downfall is usually seen as just desserts for his corruption. Here while none of his faults are denied, he is credited as being a self-made man who was a brilliant statesman and his failure to get Henry's annulment is shown as more a circumstance of greater European politics, some personal mistakes, and limitations within the system itself.
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Wolf Hall / int_3f11ef74	type	Parental Substitute
Wolf Hall / int_3f11ef74	comment	Parental Substitute: Nephew Richard says that with his own father dead, Cromwell is his father now, and asks that he be allowed to use his surname from now on. Cromwell sometimes thinks back on Wolsey not only as his master but his father. Any reasonably intelligent but poor male child in the vicinity of Austen Friars tends to get swept into the household (at one point he has an entire choirful of boys). Cromwell is always conscious of how he rose from a Putney urchin to the King's right hand and is eager to give other young men opportunities to surpass their origins.
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Wolf Hall / int_3fe2b13f	type	Ungrateful Bastard
Wolf Hall / int_3fe2b13f	comment	Ungrateful Bastard: Boleyns, the lot. First, they pimp out daughter Mary to Francis and Henry to raise their stock and then call her a worthless whore when the affairs end—it's for this reason that Anne refuses to accept anything less than marriage. Then, when Cromwell makes it possible and becomes Master Secretary, they decide that they're responsible for his advancement, not the other way around. The instant they realize he's unwilling to be their Yes-Man, they turn on him—Anne declares him an enemy and when it appears Henry is dead in a jousting match, they promise to kill him. Practically none of the people who owe their careers or even their lives to Cromwell show any interest in helping him after his own arrest.
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Wolf Hall / int_421ae215	type	Mysterious Past
Wolf Hall / int_421ae215	comment	Mysterious Past: Between leaving England at roughly fifteen (after reportedly stabbing and killing someone) and returning to it about a decade and a half later, we know very little about what Cromwell was doing; we know he completely changed as a person, visited many European cities, and fought in a war (for the French!) but he refuses to talk to anyone else in any detail about anything he saw or did in those years. Wolsey further complicates things by making up outrageous statements about Cromwell's past misdeeds. In a later conversation with Chapuys, Cromwell has to correct him about being raised by pirates, and Chapuys seems rather disappointed.
Wolf Hall / int_421ae215	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_421ae215	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_421ae215
Wolf Hall / int_4604fd4d	type	Worthy Opponent
Wolf Hall / int_4604fd4d	comment	Worthy Opponent: Despite working hard to have her marriage annulled, Cromwell has a lot of respect for Katherine of Aragon and her daughter Mary's refusal to go quietly. (According to the historical writings of Chapuys, Cromwell said that if she had been a man, she would have rivaled the great heroes of history.)
Wolf Hall / int_4604fd4d	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_4604fd4d	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_4604fd4d
Wolf Hall / int_474e3977	type	You Have Failed Me
Wolf Hall / int_474e3977	comment	You Have Failed Me: After capably serving Henry for years, Cardinal Wolsey fails him once and would almost certainly have been executed had he not died en route to London. Later, Henry makes clear that he doesn't care how "slender" the case against Thomas More is, he wants a conviction—that on the heels of a Kangaroo Court which proved insufficiently unjust, Cromwell has his colleagues pull out all the stops. In The Mirror and the Light, Cromwell himself suffers the same fate of having Henry turn against him for the one thing he couldn't do.
Wolf Hall / int_474e3977	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_474e3977	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_474e3977
Wolf Hall / int_4783acfa	type	Bait the Dog
Wolf Hall / int_4783acfa	comment	Bait the Dog: Henry is initially shown in a much more positive way—still dangerously tempermental, but not the debauched tyrant history remembers him as. Cromwell has a genuinely favorable opinion of him, and Henry still worries whether or not he's a good enough king, whether he is right with God, and is actually quite charming and even caring at times. But More's comparison to the tamed lion is apt; the claws appear more and more. His affection is highly conditional and easily turns to hatred, he has old friends executed for mere disagreement, and when he turns against Anne he sends for the executioner even before her trial.
Wolf Hall / int_4783acfa	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_4783acfa	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_4783acfa
Wolf Hall / int_487b1e5b	type	Marry for Love
Wolf Hall / int_487b1e5b	comment	Marry for Love: Mary Boleyn secretly weds the poor but kind William Stafford and refuses to be criticized for it. In fact, getting banished from court is almost an Unishment—she later writes asking her family to relent and send some money, but says that she'd rather be begging for bread with a man she loves than the greatest Queen in Christendom. Rafe Sadler marries Helen Barre, a widow working in the Cromwell household, and keeps it secret until her pregnancy makes him confess. Cromwell is at first astonished that Rafe would completely ignore all practical considerations in marrying and says so, but soon comes around and says he'll convince Rafe's father that it's all right (since working for Cromwell has made Rafe quite a wealthy young man).note Incidentally, the "dead" husband turned up over a decade later, forcing Rafe to obtain an Act of Parliament to set aside that marriage and legitimize his union and children with Helen. Henry was genuinely in love with Katherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn and Jane Seymour when he married them, and is reluctant to marry someone he doesn't love — which is really unfortunate when it's the turn of Anne of Cleves.
Wolf Hall / int_487b1e5b	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_487b1e5b	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_487b1e5b
Wolf Hall / int_48d87e94	type	Planet of Steves
Wolf Hall / int_48d87e94	comment	Planet of Steves: There's numerous Thomases in the story, including but not limited to Thomas Cromwell, Thomas Wolsey, Thomas Boleyn, Thomas More, and Thomas Cranmer. This gets a Lampshade Hanging in one scene where Wolsey has his first meeting with Boleyn and Boleyn takes note of Cromwell. Cromwell thinks to himself that Boleyn will not remember him, because "half the world is named Thomas". There's also several Henries, including the current monarch, and the fact that Cromwell's sister-in-law Johane is married to a Jonathan and has a daughter called Jo. There's also a scene where Cromwell is lusting after Elizabeth Seymour and is relieved to learn that she goes by Bess, which allows him to separate her from his late wife, also named Elizabeth, but who went by the nickname Liz. Cromwell also privately laments that everyone defaults to "Anne" rather than "Anna of Cleves" because he doesn't like the association with Anne Boleyn.
Wolf Hall / int_48d87e94	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_48d87e94	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_48d87e94
Wolf Hall / int_4f62bde6	type	Kavorka Man
Wolf Hall / int_4f62bde6	comment	Kavorka Man: Cromwell is built like the proverbial brick shithouse and his looks are ordinary at best, but he encounters very few women who are not at least briefly interested in him. The list includes Mary Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Helen Barre, Mary Tudor, Bess Oughtred, and Catherine Parr.
Wolf Hall / int_4f62bde6	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_4f62bde6	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_4f62bde6
Wolf Hall / int_4f84cdef	type	Smug Snake
Wolf Hall / int_4f84cdef	comment	Smug Snake: Anne and George Boleyn try to order Cromwell around on the basis that they made him what he is today. Not his own considerable talents or his service as Wolsey's right hand man. And he certainly didn't make them by being the one to successfully break Henry's marriage to Catherine, oh no.
Wolf Hall / int_4f84cdef	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_4f84cdef	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_4f84cdef
Wolf Hall / int_50b05d30	type	Disproportionate Retribution
Wolf Hall / int_50b05d30	comment	Disproportionate Retribution: Cromwell carries every insult ever made to him and his. He remembers when Thomas More slighted him when Cromwell was a serving boy and More a young page, and although More gives him proportionate reasons for Cromwell's animus—namely burning some of his Protestant friends at the stake—Cromwell still thinks about that, too. He also remembers each man who took part in the "Dragging the Cardinal to Hell" masque and mentally labels each as the demon they played (left forepaw, etc) when he has them arrested on trumped-up charges of treason and adultery with Anne Boleyn.
Wolf Hall / int_50b05d30	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_50b05d30	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_50b05d30
Wolf Hall / int_52d1f46e	type	Not What It Looks Like
Wolf Hall / int_52d1f46e	comment	Not What It Looks Like: Cromwell is very respectful and kind to Mary Tudor, especially in the final book, often buying her presents, protecting her from her enemies, and risking his own status to try and reconcile her and the king. Most of the court, possibly including Henry, assumes that he's doing it because he wants to marry her. The assumption is not helped by Cromwell's steadfast refusal to marry any other woman, even when he has a lot of choice. In reality, he made a promise to Katherine that he would look after her daughter and he takes it very seriously.
Wolf Hall / int_52d1f46e	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_52d1f46e	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_52d1f46e
Wolf Hall / int_5539b84f	type	Corrupt Church
Wolf Hall / int_5539b84f	comment	Corrupt Church: The Catholic Church and its involvement in the political squabbles of Europe. Cromwell is also unimpressed with the local aspects of the Church and even under Wolsey is stringent in pursuing cases of corruption in abbeys and monasteries, institutions which he considers to be corrupt by default.
Wolf Hall / int_5539b84f	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_5539b84f	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_5539b84f
Wolf Hall / int_55940b68	type	Doorstopper
Wolf Hall / int_55940b68	comment	Doorstopper: At 672 pages, it was the longest novel to win the Man Booker until beaten by The Luminaries in 2013.
Wolf Hall / int_55940b68	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_55940b68	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_55940b68
Wolf Hall / int_567e2f0	type	No True Scotsman
Wolf Hall / int_567e2f0	comment	No True Scotsman: Cromwell is always being insulted as possibly Irish, possibly Jewish,note they were barred from England at the time and could only remain if they converted and forfeited all property more Italian than English, a misplaced commoner among the gentlemen of the court, heretic, sectary, etcetera etcetera etcetera.
Wolf Hall / int_567e2f0	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_567e2f0	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_567e2f0
Wolf Hall / int_5c81a18b	type	I Am Not My Father
Wolf Hall / int_5c81a18b	comment	I Am Not My Father: Cromwell goes to a lot of trouble to be the opposite of his own abusive, alcoholic father, so much so that Liz says he's actually spoiling their children.
Wolf Hall / int_5c81a18b	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_5c81a18b	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_5c81a18b
Wolf Hall / int_5ca80293	type	Pragmatic Villainy
Wolf Hall / int_5ca80293	comment	Pragmatic Villainy: Depending on how you view Cromwell. While he disapproves of pointless cruelty, his biggest objection to torturing Mark Smeaton isn't that it's cruel and unusual, but that it doesn't work:
Wolf Hall / int_5ca80293	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_5ca80293	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_5ca80293
Wolf Hall / int_5d3e7c6	type	Kangaroo Court
Wolf Hall / int_5d3e7c6	comment	Kangaroo Court: Thomas Cromwell presides over two: that of Sir Thomas More, and later Anne Boleyn and her five "lovers". There's no question of actual justice being involved; the trials are held because Henry wants them out of his hair and killing them is the quickest way to do that. Cromwell uses Anne's trial to get his own private revenge on the five men who he blames for Cardinal Wolsey's death, but he's also driven by the knowledge that he'll lose his own head if he doesn't do this, and so works up a "case" based on rumors and false confessions. (And when it happened anyway four years later, he didn't even get the courtesy of a sham trial.)
Wolf Hall / int_5d3e7c6	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_5d3e7c6	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_5d3e7c6
Wolf Hall / int_5da3f522	type	Big Brother Is Watching
Wolf Hall / int_5da3f522	comment	Big Brother Is Watching: This is, after all, the era which coined the word eavesdropping... Call-Me-Risley is a spy for Gardiner and it's not a secret. Cromwell keeps him around because Risley is genuinely useful, he knows who the spy is (keep your enemies closer, after all!), and he has hopes that he'll be able to turn Risley to his own side.note He didn't manage that last one; Wriothsley was involved in his downfall. Cromwell himself plants his small army of intelligent young wards and apprentices as servants in the household of Henry's rivals. When the Poles and Courtenays plot to use Elizabeth Barton's prophecies to take the throne, they're all being watched.
Wolf Hall / int_5da3f522	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_5da3f522	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_5da3f522
Wolf Hall / int_5edb884e	type	Face of a Thug
Wolf Hall / int_5edb884e	comment	Face of a Thug: Cromwell hears himself described as looking like a killer, and is troubled by and frequently thinks of this comment, including when he sees Holbein's portrait of him. Cromwell is very focused on the idea of "erasing" his past as a brawling urchin and refashioning himself as someone respectable and admired.
Wolf Hall / int_5edb884e	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_5edb884e	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_5edb884e
Wolf Hall / int_5fdf73bc	type	Photographic Memory
Wolf Hall / int_5fdf73bc	comment	Photographic Memory: Cromwell picked up a "system" as a young soldier in Italy wherein one can remember things with precision by associating them with specific sensory experiences, and this plays out in how Cromwell's memories of past events are tied to specific objects and experiences (i.e. a type of fabric). Cromwell has also memorized several texts, including the Bible in Latin and in one scene, inquires about resuming a chess game started several years previously, offering to place the pieces precisely where play left off.note this one is a half-truth though, as he'd be placing them based on his knowledge of playing style It also helps him not to forget insults, ever.
Wolf Hall / int_5fdf73bc	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_5fdf73bc	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_5fdf73bc
Wolf Hall / int_627264e0	type	Death Glare
Wolf Hall / int_627264e0	comment	Death Glare: Cromwell is able to knock people back just with a look.
Wolf Hall / int_627264e0	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_627264e0	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_627264e0
Wolf Hall / int_639aa0cd	type	Did You Just Have Sex?
Wolf Hall / int_639aa0cd	comment	Did You Just Have Sex?: Cromwell can tell by the look on the king's face, and the feather in his hat, the morning after Henry finally banged Anne Boleyn.
Wolf Hall / int_639aa0cd	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_639aa0cd	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_639aa0cd
Wolf Hall / int_643618e5	type	Replacement Goldfish
Wolf Hall / int_643618e5	comment	Replacement Goldfish: Cromwell is continually trying to create substitutes for the loved ones he's lost in his life, starting with his dog. The Bella he leaves at the start of the book wasn't the first one, and every small dog he keeps as a pet acquires the name; there is a reference to his nieces walking the current Bella. After Liz dies, he has an affair with Johane and frequently conflates her with her sister. He later names his falcons after his deceased wife, daughters, and sisters (which his hunting partners find odd). Cardinal Wolsey is the only one he doesn't try to somehow replace, probably because he's busy getting revenge instead.
Wolf Hall / int_643618e5	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_643618e5	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_643618e5
Wolf Hall / int_6b1caa93	type	Adipose Rex
Wolf Hall / int_6b1caa93	comment	Adipose Rex: Henry VIII's getting there. Hans Holbein at one point wonders whether it would be more appropriate to paint Henry as he was five years ago, or ten. Cromwell: 'Stick to five. He'll think you're mocking him.' By book three, Henry is well and truly this trope, and his doctors anxiously ask Cromwell if there's any way to convince the king to maybe lay off the giant dinners. Cromwell is doubtful.
Wolf Hall / int_6b1caa93	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_6b1caa93	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_6b1caa93
Wolf Hall / int_6e37c196	type	Once Done, Never Forgotten
Wolf Hall / int_6e37c196	comment	Once Done, Never Forgotten: Thomas More never meets Richard Rich without complaining of how Rich was a wastrel as a young man. Thomas Cromwell uses this to his advantage when he's trying to manufacture evidence for the Kangaroo Court by sending in Rich to take away More's books personally, guessing that More will be less tight-lipped around a man he utterly dismisses (even though that man is now Solicitor General). It works; Rich provides damning testimony at the trial and More doesn't help his case by insulting him in front of the court.
Wolf Hall / int_6e37c196	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_6e37c196	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_6e37c196
Wolf Hall / int_73309776	type	Psycho Sidekick
Wolf Hall / int_73309776	comment	Psycho Sidekick: Cromwell's apprentice Christophe fits this trope quite nicely, as he's completely amoral and is devoted to Cromwell largely on the basis of seeing him as a fellow cutthroat. Christophe's skills are put to work teaching Cromwell's other apprentices to fight (including how to fight really dirty), as well as getting Mark Smeaton to talk based on threats to leave him alone with Christophe.
Wolf Hall / int_73309776	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_73309776	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_73309776
Wolf Hall / int_738d1a0f	type	Because You Were Nice to Me
Wolf Hall / int_738d1a0f	comment	Because You Were Nice to Me: This is the clear implication behind Jane's promise to treat Cromwell kindly when she becomes queen—he was one of the few people at court to talk to her like a human being. Cromwell is the only person who manages to get through some of Mary Tudor's stubbornness, because he was polite to her when they first met. Cromwell remarks that her life must be incredibly bleak if she considers things like offering a seat to be kindness.
Wolf Hall / int_738d1a0f	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_738d1a0f	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_738d1a0f
Wolf Hall / int_76c42cce	type	Pronouncing My Name for You
Wolf Hall / int_76c42cce	comment	Pronouncing My Name for You: At their first meeting, Thomas Wriothesley makes a point of informing Cromwell that â€œMy name is Wri-oth-es-ley, but wish to spare you the effort, you can call me Risley." This leads to a Running Gag shared between Cromwell, Rafe, and Richard, as nearly every time after that they speak of him, they refer to him as "Call Me Risley" or just "Call Me".
Wolf Hall / int_76c42cce	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_76c42cce	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_76c42cce
Wolf Hall / int_775a1af6	type	Married to the Job
Wolf Hall / int_775a1af6	comment	Married to the Job: Cromwell becomes entirely absorbed in his work as Wolsey and then Henry's right hand after his wife dies. This becomes actually problematic for him in the third book when Henry becomes irritated if Cromwell takes even a single day off. It's a major reason why he resists the efforts of his family and friends to remarry.
Wolf Hall / int_775a1af6	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_775a1af6	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_775a1af6
Wolf Hall / int_7ab81664	type	Kick Them While They Are Down
Wolf Hall / int_7ab81664	comment	Kick Them While They Are Down: In a non-violent but still undeniably cruel version of this trope. Cromwell tries to get Harry Percynote who had been the messenger sent to arrest Cardinal Wolsey, Anne's revenge for Wolsey ruining their plan to Marry for Love to recant his recantation of a precontract with Anne Boleyn so it can be used as an excuse to annul her marriage with Henry. Percy refuses in an effort to retain one shred of self-respect and says that Cromwell can't twist his arm this time—Percy's wrecked his marriage, has no heir, and he's already dying from drinking nonstop since losing Anne. So, Cromwell appoints him to be one of Anne's jurors—if he and Anne were never married, there's no legal impediment, and her fate should mean nothing to him! Percy wails as Cromwell leaves the room.
Wolf Hall / int_7ab81664	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_7ab81664	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_7ab81664
Wolf Hall / int_7ac5c1de	type	Unishment
Wolf Hall / int_7ac5c1de	comment	Mary Boleyn secretly weds the poor but kind William Stafford and refuses to be criticized for it. In fact, getting banished from court is almost an Unishment—she later writes asking her family to relent and send some money, but says that she'd rather be begging for bread with a man she loves than the greatest Queen in Christendom.
Wolf Hall / int_7ac5c1de	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_7ac5c1de	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_7ac5c1de
Wolf Hall / int_7b6e47a5	type	Armor-Piercing Question
Wolf Hall / int_7b6e47a5	comment	Armor-Piercing Question: When Thomas More defends his silent refusal of the Oath by saying that he thinks none harm and does none harm, Cromwell's reply is "What about Bilney? What about Bainham?"
Wolf Hall / int_7b6e47a5	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_7b6e47a5	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_7b6e47a5
Wolf Hall / int_7bd44eb9	type	Smart People Play Chess
Wolf Hall / int_7bd44eb9	comment	Smart People Play Chess: Cromwell's chess game is very good, and he teaches Rafe. They end up unable to play each other without hitting a stalemate because they know each other's game so well. Cromwell also pulls off a Surprise Checkmate against one of the Seymour boys in Calais, and repeats it later after Seymour claims he was distracted by Cromwell's inquiries about Jane.
Wolf Hall / int_7bd44eb9	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_7bd44eb9	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_7bd44eb9
Wolf Hall / int_7d260070	type	Corporal Punishment
Wolf Hall / int_7d260070	comment	Corporal Punishment: One of the nasty things "Saint" Thomas More does; when a child servant in his household, Dick Purser, is heard denying that the Communion Host is the body of Christ, More has him whipped on the bare buttocks in front of the whole household. Cromwell then takes Dick into his own household, and even takes him to More's execution. Dick tells Cromwell that the physical pain from the whipping barely hurt, but the humiliation was excruciating. When Dick cries after telling Cromwell this, Cromwell comforts and actually embraces him.
Wolf Hall / int_7d260070	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_7d260070	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_7d260070
Wolf Hall / int_7e6c0522	type	Off with His Head!
Wolf Hall / int_7e6c0522	comment	Off with His Head!: Bishop Fisher and Thomas More are beheaded in the first book. Anne and George Boleyn, Henry Norris, Mark Smeaton, Will Brereton, and Francis Weston are all beheaded in the second. The third ends with the beheading of Cromwell himself.
Wolf Hall / int_7e6c0522	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_7e6c0522	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_7e6c0522
Wolf Hall / int_8042e814	type	Actually Pretty Funny
Wolf Hall / int_8042e814	comment	During their first real conversation, Henry and Cromwell get into a spirited debate about war (which Cromwell is infamously against). At one point, Henry angrily demands if Cromwell would prefer a king who never fought, who hid away like a sick child. Cromwell responds, "That would be ideal, for fiscal purposes." Luckily, Henry finds this to be Actually Pretty Funny.
Wolf Hall / int_8042e814	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_8042e814	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_8042e814
Wolf Hall / int_85f0f0fb	type	World of Snark
Wolf Hall / int_85f0f0fb	comment	World of Snark: England is seen as this by a Spanish woman who came over with Catherine of Aragon. Of course, the way a lot of characters talk qualifies the novel to actually be a World of Snark, making her line a Lampshade Hanging.
Wolf Hall / int_85f0f0fb	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_85f0f0fb	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_85f0f0fb
Wolf Hall / int_87c7f99d	type	Sidetracked by the Analogy
Wolf Hall / int_87c7f99d	comment	Sidetracked by the Analogy: When thinking about More's execution, Cromwell describes it as walking down the road next to a man only to find he's plunged into a deep watery hole. Then he starts thinking that he'd better allocate some funds to road repair because that actually happens a lot.
Wolf Hall / int_87c7f99d	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_87c7f99d	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_87c7f99d
Wolf Hall / int_884c48a6	type	Non-Answer
Wolf Hall / int_884c48a6	comment	Non-Answer: After the slightly embarrassing incident noted under Damn You, Muscle Memory!, Cromwell explains that he saw the shadow of a would-be murderer just in time to turn the attempt back on him. Wolsey asks if he's confessed to a priest, and Cromwell gives an evasive answer about having been a soldier at the time.
Wolf Hall / int_884c48a6	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_884c48a6	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_884c48a6
Wolf Hall / int_8a9eb844	type	Perspective Flip
Wolf Hall / int_8a9eb844	comment	Perspective Flip: Hillary Mantel has explicitly described these books as what the familiar story of Henry and his divorce would look like from Thomas Cromwell's point of view.
Wolf Hall / int_8a9eb844	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_8a9eb844	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_8a9eb844
Wolf Hall / int_8e3f54c	type	Spare to the Throne
Wolf Hall / int_8e3f54c	comment	Spare to the Throne: Even twenty years into his reign, Henry hasn't quite shed the insecurity that came from his brother's death, hence the dream in which he thought Arthur was reproaching him for taking his kingdom and his wife.
Wolf Hall / int_8e3f54c	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_8e3f54c	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_8e3f54c
Wolf Hall / int_8ed5c6e4	type	Asshole Victim
Wolf Hall / int_8ed5c6e4	comment	Asshole Victim: All the men accused of being Anne's lovers in "Bring Up the Bodies".
Wolf Hall / int_8ed5c6e4	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_8ed5c6e4	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_8ed5c6e4
Wolf Hall / int_90328f91	type	Unscrupulous Hero
Wolf Hall / int_90328f91	comment	Unscrupulous Hero: Cromwell definitely has a chequered past, and while sympathetic in many ways, still ties himself to Henry and does all the dirty work of having Thomas More and Anne Boleyn executed.
Wolf Hall / int_90328f91	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_90328f91	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_90328f91
Wolf Hall / int_90e31482	type	Laser-Guided Karma
Wolf Hall / int_90e31482	comment	Laser-Guided Karma: After being arrested, Cromwell notes to himself that his enemies are sticking him with charges so spurious they would never manage to defend them in court, but they don't actually need to: they can just introduce a private bill against him and have the King pass it, a workaround Cromwell himself came up with to deal with previous enemies of his own.
Wolf Hall / int_90e31482	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_90e31482	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_90e31482
Wolf Hall / int_963086ce	type	Damn You, Muscle Memory!
Wolf Hall / int_963086ce	comment	Damn You, Muscle Memory!: Early in Cromwell's employment, Wolsey jokingly makes to grab him. Cromwell instantly backs into the wall and has to pull himself into the present from Tomasso, Thomaes, Tomas, and the other variants of his name he's been called in his twelve years of rough living, in which a shadow on the wall held a knife. It creates a rather awkward moment between the two of them, but the Cardinal's sincere apology also establishes him as a Benevolent Boss in Cromwell's eyes.
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Wolf Hall / int_96a33f11	type	Riddle for the Ages
Wolf Hall / int_96a33f11	comment	Riddle for the Ages: It's never made explicit whether Cromwell actually believes Anne is guilty of any of the charges he helps bring against her—or, for that matter, whether she really is guilty of anything. At times Cromwell seems credulous, but it's also clear that he will do what he must to get Anne off the throne.
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Wolf Hall / int_973d220f	type	Never My Fault
Wolf Hall / int_973d220f	comment	Never My Fault: Henry isn't in the habit of taking responsibility for his regrets. Years after Cardinal Wolsey's death, Henry still speaks about him with a degree of regard—as though, Cromwell puts it, it was some other monarch who'd hounded him to death.note This was also Henry's attitude after he executed Cromwell in 1540, blaming everyone else for killing his most competent servant.
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Wolf Hall / int_97b4c1fd	type	Cut Himself Shaving
Wolf Hall / int_97b4c1fd	comment	Cut Himself Shaving: Young Cromwell explains his bruised face to the priest running the church school as having walked into a door, and privately adds that it was a door named Walter.
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Wolf Hall / int_97d54bb0	type	Tragic Keepsake
Wolf Hall / int_97d54bb0	comment	Tragic Keepsake: Wolsey gives Cromwell his turquoise ring and tells him not to open the gift until after Wolsey is dead. Cromwell wears it from then on. Cromwell permits Thomas More's daughter Meg to take her father's head. Later he hears rumors that she carries it around and prays to it. The peacock angel wings that Grace liked to wear. Cromwell keeps them in the Christmas closet against the chance of having another little girl to wear them (whether his own or just a member of his household's). After Mark Smeaton is locked in the closet all night to imagine the invisible decorations as torture devices, Cromwell decides he will have to burn the wings.
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Wolf Hall / int_9b34ee31	type	Marriage of Convenience
Wolf Hall / int_9b34ee31	comment	Marriage of Convenience: Something like this for Cromwell and Liz. After he proves himself an able and trustworthy business partner to her father, he shows his appreciation by suggesting Cromwell marry the widowed Liz, who's been wanting a new husband anyway. Liz is amenable and it turns out to be a happy union, but her father is still rather nonplussed when they decide to talk about the matter first.
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Wolf Hall / int_9cc1a329	type	Upper-Class Twit
Wolf Hall / int_9cc1a329	comment	Upper-Class Twit: A lot of Henry's noble friends are portrayed like this. The Duke of Suffolk in particular is easily distracted and doesn't know when to keep his mouth shut—on one occasion Cromwell has to drag the man out of the room to keep him from loudly gossiping about Anne in front of Chapuys.
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Wolf Hall / int_9d12bbc1	type	Foreshadowing
Wolf Hall / int_9d12bbc1	comment	Foreshadowing: The very last line of Wolf Hall has Cromwell planning for the king to stop at Wolf Hall and visit the Seymours on his way back to London. This obviously foreshadows the next book, with the downfall of the Boleyns and the rise of the Seymours to power after Henry forsakes Anne for Jane. In Bring Up the Bodies, there are hints ahead to Cromwell's fate. After Henry's public tirade Cromwell admits to himself that he can envision the day when his head will be on the block. When Anne is executed, Wriothesly opines that Cromwell could be contemplating treason against Henry for Wolsey's sake. Cromwell can feel "the dagger between his shoulders" and suspects that it was Stephen Gardiner who put the thought into Risely's head; Gardiner would indeed be one of the architects of Cromwell's demise. Lastly Anne's "lovers" warn Cromwell that Henry had went against Dudley, Empson, Wolsey, Thomas More, and now them, what makes Cromwell any different?
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Wolf Hall / int_9e1e14ea	type	Ambition Is Evil
Wolf Hall / int_9e1e14ea	comment	Cromwell. At best he's considered an amoral bureaucrat, but more often he's seen as a backstabbing, ambitious Social Climber. Here he's portrayed as a family man whose acquisition of wealth is to make his family respectable and comfortable, whose opposition to the Church comes from sincere objections to their practices, and his questionable deeds and machinations arise from his intense loyalty to his first master, Cardinal Wolsey. The real Cromwell was also at ease with torture, ordering it to be carried out through letters.
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Wolf Hall / int_9ebd9c33	type	UnPerson
Wolf Hall / int_9ebd9c33	comment	Un-person: Henry's abandonment of his first two wives is complete. He acknowledges Katherine as little as humanly possible and even tells Cromwell to get rid of her deathbed letter without even reading it. Cromwell later advises Jane Seymour, who served and was fond of the queen, not to mention Katherine or she will instantly lose Henry's favor. When he has Anne executed, he erases every trace of her existence to the extent of taking back the clothes she was executed in so they could be destroyed. (This is why there's only one known contemporary portrait of her, a defaced medallion; Henry had the rest burnt.)
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Wolf Hall / int_9f2b7f5	type	Forensic Accounting
Wolf Hall / int_9f2b7f5	comment	Forensic Accounting: One of Cromwell's principal tacics when dealing with adversaries is to use their finances against them. He's well-connected with both English and European financial markets so he's both knowledgeable about who owes how much to whom and friendly enough with the whom that he can get them to call in debts at an inconvenient moment. More than once he buys off people's servants, publishers, or spies. He's also personally a lender to many members of Henry's court, which puts further leverage into his hands.
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Wolf Hall / int_9ff2b000	type	The Consigliere
Wolf Hall / int_9ff2b000	comment	The Consigliere: Appropriately enough, since Cromwell is following a maxim he learned in Italy about choosing one's prince. He first gets Henry's respect by holding to his opposition to war in France, and when Henry says there are some who say he should consider the marriage with Katherine dissolve, Cromwell replies "I'm one of the others." That said, he has to be extraordinarily careful about when and how he presents disagreement to Henry, noting that it's better to phrase it with 'yes, and' rather than 'no, but', but he is one of the only people who can do it.
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Wolf Hall / int_a1b141f4	type	My God, What Have I Done?
Wolf Hall / int_a1b141f4	comment	My God, What Have I Done?: During one of Cromwell's meeting with the abandoned Katherine of Aragon when she rails against the executions of Thomas More and John Fisher, he points out that if she had peacefully agreed to the annulment and withdrawn to a convent, they and many other people would still be alive, and Henry wouldn't have broken away from Rome. Chapuys, who visits Katherine at her deathbed, reports that Katherine talks about having caused More and Fisher's deaths, showing Cromwell's point weighed heavily on her. At the same time, Katherine is never portrayed by the narrative as being in the wrong, and Cromwell acknowledges she's been treated badly (in spirit if not physically) and had every right to fight back for the sake of her daughter.
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Wolf Hall / int_a30c287	type	Good Parents
Wolf Hall / int_a30c287	comment	Good Parents: Cromwell is portrayed as a very caring, affectionate father figure to his own children as well his nieces, nephews, and wards.
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Wolf Hall / int_a39d6056	type	NiceToTheWaiter
Wolf Hall / int_a39d6056	comment	Nice to the Waiter: Cromwell is ruthless to his adversaries but habitually kind to anyone in a lower social position than himself. He also has a penchant for showing more care if he's dealing with women whom he's working against in every other manner, like Katherine and Mary. Cromwell specifically makes a point of looking for intelligence and ability among people seeking charity from his house, since he's mindful of how a few helping hands at the right time helped him to his present position.
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Wolf Hall / int_a592ad9a	type	The Noun and the Noun
Wolf Hall / int_a592ad9a	comment	The Noun and the Noun: The Mirror and the Light
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Wolf Hall / int_a7aef9ff	type	Obfuscating Stupidity
Wolf Hall / int_a7aef9ff	comment	Obfuscating Stupidity: Jane Seymour presents herself as a naive Shrinking Violet while serving in Anne's household. While she does seem to be a genuinely kind girl, she's much cleverer than she lets on, and her true savvy is seen when talking to Cromwell, when she's at home at Wolf Hall, and most importantly when she realizes she's now the focus of Henry's affection. Her sister says she's waiting for any man to tell her what to do, but not necessarily to listen to him. Gregory Cromwell, who's rather guileless, gets a long look by his father after responding earnestly to a question asked in jest. Gregory admits that he's not that gullible anymore but he still pretends to be since it amuses people and they expect it.
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Wolf Hall / int_a8adc5a0	type	Like a Son to Me
Wolf Hall / int_a8adc5a0	comment	Like a Son to Me: Cromwell treats his ward Rafe like his own son, and indeed they're closer to each other as Cromwell can mentor him in politics (his own son, who's away at school anyway, isn't quite as clever). When his brother-in-law Morgan Williams dies, Cromwell takes his widow and sons into his household, accepting Richard's request to change his surname to Cromwell. Later he takes in his late sisters' children and treats the girls as daughters.
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Wolf Hall / int_a8b68a9c	type	No Pregger Sex
Wolf Hall / int_a8b68a9c	comment	No Pregger Sex: Henry doesn't sleep with Anne when she's pregnant, because he's afraid that it might cause a miscarriage. Instead, Mary Boleyn is forced by her family to be his 'bed warmer'.
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Wolf Hall / int_a9f86a47	type	What a Senseless Waste of Human Life
Wolf Hall / int_a9f86a47	comment	What a Senseless Waste of Human Life: Elizabeth Barton. She's portrayed as an Attention Whore who didn't understand the consequences of her prophesying and was exploited by the Poles and Cortenays in their desire to take the throne back from the Tudors. Cromwell thinks she's probably been abused and has certainly been ill-served by the priests who directed her; when he does the paperwork to seize her possessions prior to execution she has almost nothing, and he provides the bribe she'll need to get a quick death from the hangman. Cromwell has a moment of regret over Mark Smeaton, thinking that if he'd hired him (as Cromwell had many of Wolsey's other displaced servants), he could have shaped Mark into a useful man with self-respect rather than a perpetual lovesick boy hanging around at Anne's door in hopes of attention and in expectation of mockery, only to doom himself by five minutes of boasting. But then, they never liked each other back in the Wolsey days, so it didn't happen.
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Wolf Hall / int_aab624e5	type	Is That a Threat?
Wolf Hall / int_aab624e5	comment	Is That a Threat?: Both variants of this occur between Cromwell and More, starting with the latter. More tells Cromwell that he's aware Cromwell is corresponding with Tyndale and not to think he can get away with it because of his position. After More resigns and says he will "write and pray" in retirement, Cromwell says this.
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Wolf Hall / int_aabe2fb	type	Deliberate Values Dissonance
Wolf Hall / int_aabe2fb	comment	Deliberate Values Dissonance: Marriage among royalty and the nobility is much more of a business contract and meant to form alliances than because of any feelings on the part of the bride and groom; when Anne Boleyn and Harry Percy try to marry for love, it doesn't end well as their families and Wolsey quickly separate them. It's more relaxed amidst the lower classes, but Liz's father is bemused when she and Cromwell want to at least get to know each other first before they marry, and Cromwell has to plead Rafe Sadler's case to his father when Rafe marries without his permission. These attitudes clash horribly with Henry's far more modern desire to actually be in love with his wife from the start, leaving his advisors confused and annoyed about why he can't just suck it up for the sake of an important alliance. Henry's bastard son Fitzroy gets into an argument with Cromwell over why he's not allowed to "live with" his new bride. Both of them are fourteen. Cromwell tries to claim that it would be inappropriate as they are too young, but Fitzroy reminds him that Brandon has married and regularly sleeps with his fourteen-year-old bride, and Henry's grandmother gave birth at thirteen. He's right, of course; nobody cares about their ages or wellbeing, they just don't want Fitzroy to have a legitimate son before Henry has one.
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Wolf Hall / int_ab5eea65	type	Dramatic Irony
Wolf Hall / int_ab5eea65	comment	Dramatic Irony: All the fuss over Henry's quest for a male heir, for one thing. At one point Cromwell thinks that there's no way the "ginger infant" (read: Elizabeth) will get the throne. What's more, Anne is fixated on marrying her daughter to a French prince, and if not that then making some sort of brilliant match for her. Once she grew up and became queen, Elizabeth would be legendary for choosing never to marry. There's also Cromwell's desire to ensure Tudor stability to prevent another civil war—the War of the Roses is still in living memory and Plantagenet descendants are as plotting as ever. His great-nephew Oliver Cromwell would lead the rebels in the conflict that is now remembered as the English Civil War (though to be fair, he didn't actually start it).
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Wolf Hall / int_ab6e01e	type	Clean Cut
Wolf Hall / int_ab6e01e	comment	Clean Cut: Averted with Anne's accused lovers. It takes three swings to remove George Boleyn's head, but the rest come off in one. Anne herself is executed by an expert from France who uses a specially-designed sword and a technique to misdirect the condemned so that they'll be best positioned for the strike. He does tell Cromwell that even he can't guarantee it if they aren't steady in position.
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Wolf Hall / int_ac5054d4	type	Wound That Will Not Heal
Wolf Hall / int_ac5054d4	comment	Wound That Will Not Heal: Henry's leg wound in the third book. It pains him continually and the court is often on tenterhooks wondering if it's finally going to kill him. The best the doctors can do is try and drain the infection when it flares.
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Wolf Hall / int_ad1db87c	type	Oh, Crap!
Wolf Hall / int_ad1db87c	comment	Archbishop Cranmer reveals that he's secretly married Grete, the niece of German reformer Andreas Osiander, and has smuggled her into England because she's pregnant. Cromwell's reaction is basically Oh, Crap! before he runs off and grabs Helen to help her out.
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Wolf Hall / int_ad3e13c5	type	The Loins Sleep Tonight
Wolf Hall / int_ad3e13c5	comment	The Loins Sleep Tonight: Henry finds Anna of Cleves so unattractive that he's unable to consummate their marriage.
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Wolf Hall / int_afe98316	type	Talkative Loon
Wolf Hall / int_afe98316	comment	Talkative Loon: After his night in the Christmas closet, Mark babbles out the name of every man in England when asked to name Anne's lovers. He ends up accusing her of adultery with her own husband.
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Wolf Hall / int_b11ac9f5	type	Abusive Parents
Wolf Hall / int_b11ac9f5	comment	Abusive Parents: The book opens with young Thomas Cromwell getting the stuffing kicked out of him by his father, Walter. It's not the first time and he's so beaten up his sister and brother-in-law are amazed he doesn't have anything broken. Since everyone in town is too frightened of Walter to do anything about it, Thomas leaves to seek his fortune outside the country.
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Wolf Hall / int_b4a6ae4c	type	Everyone Has Standards
Wolf Hall / int_b4a6ae4c	comment	Everyone Has Standards: Cromwell is happy to visit financial and legal ruination on people, but he doesn't like using physical violence if he can achieve his purpose another way. He visits a piece of astonishing cruelty on Harry Percy at the end of Bring Up the Bodies, but he remains seated while Harry is railing around the room because it keeps him from fetching the ill man a smack. He also finds the idea of torturing Mark akin to stamping on a dormouse and is the only one to treat Anne with some measure of dignity and courtesy — unlike her own relatives — even while he's busily setting up her scaffold. He's also somewhat disturbed at the climate of fear that he himself has created around court. Henry VIII does some pretty awful things, of which having his second wife killed is only one. But he really is pious, he won't take a married woman as a mistress, and he's fussy about bad language. Richard Riche didn't care much about Katherine of Aragon, but he cares very much about the law and when Henry wants Katherine's plate and furs after she dies, Riche points out that if he wasn't actually her husband, he has no rights to her property.
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Wolf Hall / int_b4c406a6	type	Death by Despair
Wolf Hall / int_b4c406a6	comment	Death by Despair: Cardinal Wolsey's sudden, fatal illness is portrayed as this, a not implausible conclusion given that it happened after he was abruptly charged with treason on the way to his exile in York. Harry Percy collapses when Anne Boleyn is found guilty and prematurely declared dead. He'd already started drinking himself to death after Anne's marriage and did pass about a year after the trial.
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Wolf Hall / int_b53077b3	type	Take That!
Wolf Hall / int_b53077b3	comment	Take That!: Thomas More is portrayed as being a religious fanatic and extremely controlling towards his wife and family, in contrast to his generally very positive portrayal in other media. The book feels like a deliberate counterpoint to A Man for All Seasons, a comparison that's invited when Cromwell compares the situation to a play in which More is waiting for them all to trip over their lines, and later says that he's probably writing an account in which he, Cromwell, will be the fool and oppressor while More is the innocent victim with "a better turn of phrase."
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Wolf Hall / int_b77eb3b2	type	Revenge by Proxy
Wolf Hall / int_b77eb3b2	comment	Revenge by Proxy: Cromwell warns Gregory not to go wandering around London when Anne and her alleged lovers are imprisoned since they're still popular and it's well known that Cromwell is the one responsible for their imprisonment.
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Wolf Hall / int_b9f6cc0a	type	The Bluebeard
Wolf Hall / int_b9f6cc0a	comment	The Bluebeard: Henry apparently gains this reputation on the continent after Jane Seymour dies in childbirth. When Cromwell bluffs to two ambassadors from France that Henry is close to making a match with Christina of Denmark, one of the ambassadors says that he's heard Christina is afraid and begging to not be made to marry the king of England; he wonders to Henry's face how he'll find any lady to marry him at all, since he kills his wives.
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Wolf Hall / int_bbf11c0	type	Genius Bruiser
Wolf Hall / int_bbf11c0	comment	Genius Bruiser: Cromwell was a brawler in his youth and spent some years as a mercenary in Italy, and while he no longer likes to solve problems using violence, he easily still could (and other people who interact with him know it). When people poke him in the chest it bounces off, and he's capable of dragging a large, half-armored man out of a room. His nephew Richard is also portrayed this way. He's intelligent enough to become one of Cromwell's most trusted instruments, but he's also quite physically strong and imposing, making him both an indimidating opponent in the tilt-yard and useful whenever his uncle requires some high-ranking muscle.
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Wolf Hall / int_bc00493f	type	Precision F-Strike
Wolf Hall / int_bc00493f	comment	Precision F-Strike: When trying to get into the room to do some damage control with Henry at Christmas, Cromwell is accosted by a couple of Henry's gentlemen of the privy chamber goofing around in costume. Outwardly he remains as calm as ever, but his internal monologue indicates how pissed off he is: Christophe claims that when Henry had his jousting accident and Cromwell feared that he died, he "seized [Henry] by the ears and bellowed into his face: â€˜Breathe, you fucker, breathe!â€™"
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Wolf Hall / int_be0ad6b7	type	Used to Be a Sweet Kid
Wolf Hall / int_be0ad6b7	comment	Used to Be a Sweet Kid: Subverted. It initially appears that young Thomas was a decent and open-hearted lad—and he was in many respects, but as the books go on he also recalls the times when he was an absolute terror. And the reason Walter was beating him at the start of Wolf Hall was because fifteen-year-old Tom had just killed someone in a knife fight.
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Wolf Hall / int_beb9a361	type	Anti-Hero
Wolf Hall / int_beb9a361	comment	Anti-Hero: Cromwell. Or Anti-Villain. Or Villain Protagonist. It gets more and more difficult to tell as it goes on.
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Wolf Hall / int_bedd799b	type	Blunt "Yes"
Wolf Hall / int_bedd799b	comment	Blunt "Yes": In a flashback in The Mirror and the Light, a friar named Robert Barnes is brought before Wolsey for criticizing the cardinal's lavish lifestyle. During their first real conversation, Henry and Cromwell get into a spirited debate about war (which Cromwell is infamously against). At one point, Henry angrily demands if Cromwell would prefer a king who never fought, who hid away like a sick child. Cromwell responds, "That would be ideal, for fiscal purposes." Luckily, Henry finds this to be Actually Pretty Funny. Thomas More, who is busy torturing and burning Protestants, says he suspects Cromwell is a Protestant (he is) and that Cromwell is in contact with other Protestants. Cromwell asks if More is threatening him and More says "Yes, that is precisely what I am doing."
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Wolf Hall / int_bf3e372	type	Torture Is Ineffective
Wolf Hall / int_bf3e372	comment	Torture Is Ineffective: This is Cromwell's opinion, up to a point. He prefers not to go as far as physical torture unless time is really pressing. He does, however, get a great deal of mileage out of psychologically torturing whomever he's got locked up in the Tower (mainly by making them believe they're about to be physically tortured).
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Wolf Hall / int_bf455b89	type	Interrogated for Nothing
Wolf Hall / int_bf455b89	comment	Interrogated for Nothing: Mark Smeaton. Cromwell knows he didn't really sleep with Anne Boleyn, but he needs people to convict. The fact that Mark took part in the 'Sending the Cardinal to Hell' masque really didn't help his case, either.
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Wolf Hall / int_c4942576	type	Cunning Linguist
Wolf Hall / int_c4942576	comment	Cunning Linguist: Cromwell knows Italian, Latin, French, Spanish, German, and Flemish. As a boy he picks up Welsh from his brother-in-law (and surprises him by giving the traditional Welsh goodbye), but he loses fluency in it when he's older. It all proves quite handy in his advancement since it increases his usefulness and makes him harder to deceive.
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Wolf Hall / int_c772e7c5	type	Rags to Riches
Wolf Hall / int_c772e7c5	comment	Rags to Riches: See From Nobody to Nightmare. Cromwell started life as the son of an improvident brewer doing manual labor and ended it as a wealthy and powerful nobleman. And as per history, he raised up his family in the process. His nephew Richard was the son of brewer and would-be-lawyer Morgan Williams, and with his participation in Cromwell's Dissolution of the Monasteries, he ended up as a wealthy courtier (incidentally, Richard was the great-grandfather of Oliver Cromwell).
Wolf Hall / int_c772e7c5	featureApplicability	1.0
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Wolf Hall / int_c868a42a	type	Freudian Excuse
Wolf Hall / int_c868a42a	comment	Freudian Excuse: Implied for Cromwell, though not belabored. When Harry Norris says that he'd rather just die than endure trial and execution at the word of a king he's spent his life in service to, Cromwell privately thinks that it's not that easy and that after all his losses—his sisters, his daughters, his wife, Wolsey—your heart doesn't stop beating as you wish it would, it just turns to stone. Henry is never excused for his behavior, but it is acknowledged that having a painful and occasionally festering permanent open leg wound is an understandable reason for bad temper.
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Wolf Hall / int_cbe3d017	type	Damned by Faint Praise
Wolf Hall / int_cbe3d017	comment	Damned by Faint Praise: After returning from a long day working, Cromwell tells Liz that she's sweeter to look at than the Cardinal. She laughs that it's the smallest complement a woman has ever received, such a shame because he was working on it the whole ride back.
Wolf Hall / int_cbe3d017	featureApplicability	1.0
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Wolf Hall / int_ccfc0535	type	Letting Her Hair Down
Wolf Hall / int_ccfc0535	comment	Letting Her Hair Down: At one point Mary Tudor's migraine is so bad that she throws propriety to the wind, pulls off her hair net and yanks out the pins holding her hair up. Cromwell, as a witness to this, is utterly dumbstruck; the only time he's ever seen a grown woman let her hair down is as a precursor to sex — even then, he notes that most of them tie it up again to keep it out of the way during proceedings.
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Wolf Hall / int_cdd676a3	type	Hyper-Competent Sidekick
Wolf Hall / int_cdd676a3	comment	Hypercompetent Sidekick: Cromwell gets himself into this position for everyone he works for, starting by setting his father-in-law Henry Wykys' cloth business in order. He later becomes Cardinal Wolsey's most valuable man and then, of course, Henry's. His official title for most of his tenure is the important but vaguely-defined "Master Secretary," which allows him tremendous latitude to do whatever Henry needs done.
Wolf Hall / int_cdd676a3	featureApplicability	1.0
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Wolf Hall / int_cdfe12c3	type	Nothing Is Scarier
Wolf Hall / int_cdfe12c3	comment	Nothing Is Scarier: Cromwell extracts a confession from Mark Smeaton not through torture but when Christophe locks him in a storage closet at night. It happens to be the one Cromwell keeps his Christmas star in, the big metal one that has cloth sleeves over its sharp gilded tips. Christophe once mistook it for an instrument of torture, and poor Mark does the same. Cromwell also advises Risley not to get specific—Smeaton knows there's a Tower and there's a rack inside of it, so sitting in the dark and making vague allusions ("we'll write down what you say but not necessarily what we do") is more than enough to get what they need.
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Wolf Hall / int_d1e7f24a	type	Big "SHUT UP!"
Wolf Hall / int_d1e7f24a	comment	Big "SHUT UP!": Wyatt after Anne's executions starts musing about her fate and his own relationship. Cromwell bluntly tells him to shut up before he says anything stupid.
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Wolf Hall / int_d259fea2	type	Speak Ill of the Dead
Wolf Hall / int_d259fea2	comment	Speak Ill of the Dead: The obscene masque that depicts Cardinal Wolsey being dragged to Hell. It's crude enough that one women has to leave the room to be sick.
Wolf Hall / int_d259fea2	featureApplicability	1.0
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Wolf Hall / int_d29a6629	type	Death by Childbirth
Wolf Hall / int_d29a6629	comment	Death by Childbirth: Jane Seymour dies after giving birth to Henry's son.
Wolf Hall / int_d29a6629	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_d29a6629	featureConfidence	1.0
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Wolf Hall / int_d2cd18c0	type	Forbidden Fruit
Wolf Hall / int_d2cd18c0	comment	Forbidden Fruit: Henry's love for Anne has a lot to do with the Church not allowing him to divorce Katharine and Anne's refusal to let him sleep with her out of wedlock. After they're married, Henry is a lot less enamoured with her (though it would have been different if they had been able to have a son). Chapuys' acknowledgement of her takes down the last barrier as it means Henry no longer has to spite the Holy Roman Emperor with his marriage and he disposes of her soon after. His attraction to Jane Seymour, who is Anne's apparent opposite but likewise refuses to have an affair, follows the same pattern.
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Wolf Hall / int_d34cbda2	type	Implausible Deniability
Wolf Hall / int_d34cbda2	comment	Implausible Deniability: Toyed with. When Francis Weston repeats a funny story about how Cromwell locked the doors on the jury at More's trial and threatened to withhold their supper until they gave a guilty verdict, Cromwell doesn't say anything to contradict it because it's close enough to what he actually did.
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Wolf Hall / int_d61c0620	type	Joker Jury
Wolf Hall / int_d61c0620	comment	Joker Jury: Several of the men Cromwell places on More's jury have a deep personal grudge against the former Lord Chancellor, having suffered lost property or tortured friends to More's anti-heretical activities. When the other judges protest that they might try and find a jury that is actually impartial, Cromwell brushes it off by saying they'd probably have to go to Wales for that (and also Henry will not be happy if they don't get a conviction).
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Wolf Hall / int_d62dd556	type	The Chessmaster
Wolf Hall / int_d62dd556	comment	The Chessmaster: Cromwell is extremely skillful in moving people around and makes a point of finding out the levers to make them tractable (most often debts), and he places spies with some care—he's unsurprisingly shown to be quite good at the game of chess itself. Wolsey is also shown to be pretty good at it, but underestimating Anne's determination and circumstances beyond his control (the war between the Emperor and the Pope) prove to be the trick he fatally misses.
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Wolf Hall / int_d777b649	type	No Doubt the Years Have Changed Me
Wolf Hall / int_d777b649	comment	No Doubt the Years Have Changed Me: Cromwell pulls an extremely petty version of this on More. The two first met when More was 14 and Cromwell 7, and Cromwell was one of several servants waiting on various pages/scholars, including More. One day, Cromwell asked More what he was reading and More blew him off with a joke at Cromwell's expense. Cromwell brings up this incident to More many years later, when More is imprisoned, and More (understandably) has no recollection of it. When More has been defeated, Cromwell thinks to himself, "You didn't remember me but I remembered you."
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Wolf Hall / int_d8573ef9	type	Screw the Rules, I Have Connections!
Wolf Hall / int_d8573ef9	comment	Screw the Rules, I Have Connections!: Cromwell is afforded some degree of protection for his participation in secret Tyndale gospel meetings because he's working for Cardinal Wolsey; there's an unspoken understanding between the two of them that a little heresy is Cromwell's reward for being such an excellent and capable right hand. (Cromwell also warns his companions when a raid is likely to happen because of the names Wolsey merely mentions.) Inverted with Thomas Wyatt, whose father had asked Cromwell to keep an eye on him. Wyatt had a well-known crush on Anne and wrote poems that were probably about his unrequited love (though vague enough to escape official scrutiny). Cromwell refuses to arrest him until others finally convince him that he can't avoid it. Even then he keeps Wyatt in the Tower so that nobody will try conducting their own "interrogations" and keeps his case separate, hoping that the trial and execution of the other five will be enough to take the heat off. It does, and he releases Wyatt unharmed a little while later. More "screw the rules for my connections."
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Wolf Hall / int_e1311c40	type	Romancing the Widow
Wolf Hall / int_e1311c40	comment	Romancing the Widow: Exactly what occurs with Rafe and Helen. She's the widow, he's the one romancing.
Wolf Hall / int_e1311c40	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_e1311c40	featureConfidence	1.0
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Wolf Hall / int_e16217f8	type	Historical Villain Upgrade
Wolf Hall / int_e16217f8	comment	Historical Villain Upgrade: It makes sense that Thomas More would be viewed in a negative light when the story is narrated by Thomas Cromwell. Maybe that's why the several references to Evil May Day don't mention that then-Undersheriff More speaking out in defense of the immigrants the rioters were rioting about. As the author admits in the notes in back of Bring Up the Bodies, the popular characterization of Jane Rochford as enemy to her husband and sister-in-law is a retroactive construction made mostly from her involvement with Catherine Howard, Henry's fifth wife. She was given the task of providing the information against Anne to save the reader from learning even more names. In the afterword, Mantel recommends the book Jane Boleyn by Julia Fox for a more historical viewpoint. There's no historical evidence that the real George Boleyn was abusive, or even unhappy in his marriage.
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Wolf Hall / int_e1acc872	type	From Nobody to Nightmare
Wolf Hall / int_e1acc872	comment	From Nobody to Nightmare: Cromwell goes from an abused urchin to an autodidact who is one of the wealthiest and most powerful men in England.
Wolf Hall / int_e1acc872	featureApplicability	1.0
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Wolf Hall / int_e2a41c3b	type	Literal-Minded
Wolf Hall / int_e2a41c3b	comment	Literal-Minded: Jane Seymour has a knack of derailing conversations by taking euphemisms and figures of speech at face value. There are hints that she does it deliberately, for her own amusement.
Wolf Hall / int_e2a41c3b	featureApplicability	1.0
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Wolf Hall / int_e2d457	type	The Ditz
Wolf Hall / int_e2d457	comment	The Ditz: Gregory Cromwell, in sharp contrast to his father, is guileless and somewhat gullible; Cromwell admits to a friend that Cambridge has done nothing for him and he's done nothing for Cambridge. Though the completely different way their minds work makes it hard to have a conversation that doesn't "bounce off at angles," Cromwell still cherishes him and is even pleased that Gregory has such an easy, gentlemanly nature. (He does eventually find mentors for Gregory who help wise the boy up a little, like William Fitzwilliam.)
Wolf Hall / int_e2d457	featureApplicability	1.0
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Wolf Hall / int_e3c36782	type	Call-Forward
Wolf Hall / int_e3c36782	comment	Call-Forward: Cardinal Wolsey, morose after he has been pushed out of power and exiled to his diocese in York, starts talking about 'prophecies, and the downfall of the priests of England", which he says will come soon. He's right, as the Reformation is around the corner. Cromwell takes a look around Calais, England's last foothold in on the continent, and concludes that with "one hard push" either the German emperor or the French king could take it. This happened a little over 20 years later during the reign of Henry's daughter Mary.
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Wolf Hall / int_e43130c1	type	Interrupted Intimacy
Wolf Hall / int_e43130c1	comment	Interrupted Intimacy: Cromwell suddenly calls Helen Barre out of the house so she can help Cranmer's secret and pregnant wife. She appears in the midst of putting her cap back on, and Rafe is right behind her, also disheveled and quite angry that she's being so abruptly dragged off. Cromwell is so preoccupied that the significance of this doesn't even register until six months later.
Wolf Hall / int_e43130c1	featureApplicability	1.0
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Wolf Hall / int_e482cfa7	type	To the Pain
Wolf Hall / int_e482cfa7	comment	To the Pain: This is how Cromwell gets Harry Percy to shut up about being pre-contracted to marry Anne Boleyn. When Percy says that there's no way to force him quiet because he's got an army and Cromwell hasn't, Cromwell says that he does know all of Percy's creditors. And he'll get them to call in their debts. All at once. And with no money, Percy can't pay his troops, and without troops he can't hold the North, and if he can't hold the North then he'll be levered out of his castle at Northumberland so someone useful can be put in. And after that, yes, he can marry Anne and live with her in absolute poverty, wearing homespun, eating rabbits. Percy shuts up.
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Wolf Hall / int_e4965307	type	Composite Character
Wolf Hall / int_e4965307	comment	Composite Character: Jane Rochford is given the role of supplying Cromwell with much of the 'evidence' against Anne and George Boleyn, in order that the reader doesn't have to cope with yet more characters. In-universe. Henry informs Archbishop Cranmer and Thomas Cromwell that the French are now reporting on the activities of "Dr. Cranmuel." Then the narration shortly thereafter reads "Dr. Cranmuel left the room."
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Wolf Hall / int_e563bf09	type	Insistent Terminology
Wolf Hall / int_e563bf09	comment	Insistent Terminology: It's Lady Mary Tudor, not Princess. It's Dowager Princess Katherine, not the Queen. Henry did not divorce Katherine and Anne, his marriages were void. Cromwell makes careful note of people who don't play along with this, although he himself sometimes seems exhausted with the whole thing.
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Wolf Hall / int_e7022a49	type	Talking to the Dead
Wolf Hall / int_e7022a49	comment	Talking to the Dead: Cromwell often addresses Wolsey in his thoughts, wondering what his former master would make of some event or asking his advice, and grows accustomed to consulting Wolsey's ghost in his mind. He's unable to do it after Wolsey's illegitimate daughter accuses him of betraying her father in such a way that Cromwell realizes she got this from Wolsey himself. He finds himself sometimes holding mental debates with More only to pull himself up short as though he's forgotten More is dead.
Wolf Hall / int_e7022a49	featureApplicability	1.0
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Wolf Hall / int_e7fd5cdc	type	Brain Bleach
Wolf Hall / int_e7fd5cdc	comment	Brain Bleach: When Lady Rochford says that George would mount a terrier if it wagged its tail at him, Cromwell's first thought is that he'll never be able to get the image out of his head.
Wolf Hall / int_e7fd5cdc	featureApplicability	1.0
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Wolf Hall / int_e83f211c	type	O.O.C. Is Serious Business
Wolf Hall / int_e83f211c	comment	O.O.C. Is Serious Business: George Cavendish is truly alarmed when he starts chatting to Cromwell and realizes he's crying, having finally reached the breaking point between the death of his family and the prospect of losing everything he's worked for in Wolsey's fall from grace. Cromwell realizes that Henry is seriously attracted to Jane Seymour when they're talking about someone's minor health complaints and Henry ignores the opportunity to go on at length about home remedies.
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Wolf Hall / int_ea0f7d89	type	I Do Not Speak Nonverbal
Wolf Hall / int_ea0f7d89	comment	I Do Not Speak Nonverbal: Wolsey tears Thomas Boleyn a new one over Anne's behavior, unaware that the family is in Henry's favor because he's taken Mary as a mistress. Cromwell despairs that there's no easy hand-signal for "Back off, the king is fucking his daughter" and wonders why the Italians haven't come up with one.
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Wolf Hall / int_eb002293	type	Shrinking Violet
Wolf Hall / int_eb002293	comment	Jane Seymour presents herself as a naive Shrinking Violet while serving in Anne's household. While she does seem to be a genuinely kind girl, she's much cleverer than she lets on, and her true savvy is seen when talking to Cromwell, when she's at home at Wolf Hall, and most importantly when she realizes she's now the focus of Henry's affection. Her sister says she's waiting for any man to tell her what to do, but not necessarily to listen to him.
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Wolf Hall / int_eb8e12d6	type	Rules Lawyer
Wolf Hall / int_eb8e12d6	comment	Rules Lawyer: Wolsey is this when it comes to degrees of nobility and advises Cromwell practice it as well. Both being lowborn, they constantly have their lack of pedigree thrown in their face as an insult. Therefore Wolsey makes a habit of turning it back on them, such as when he reminds Thomas Boleyn that his family is not nearly the equal of the Percys when young Harry and Anne start making noises about marriage. They wrote the rules, so he'll enforce them to the smallest degree.
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Wolf Hall / int_ed874c14	type	Self-Made Man
Wolf Hall / int_ed874c14	comment	Self-Made Man: Wolsey was the son of a butcher who rose through his career in the Church and served both Henries. Cromwell, the son of a ruffianish Putney blacksmith and brewer, becomes Henry's most trusted adviser. Their backgrounds make them a target of derision and resentment for nobles like the Duke of Norfolk who believe that people of "low birth" have no place advising kings—that should be the remit of ancient bloodlines, such as, the one the Duke of Norfolk belongs to.
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Wolf Hall / int_edeafb2e	type	Malicious Misnaming
Wolf Hall / int_edeafb2e	comment	Malicious Misnaming: Anne Boleyn always referring to Cromwell as "Cremuel" seems to be this. While this does appear to be how a French person would pronounce the name - Chapuys also pronounces it this way - since Anne is a native English speaker (despite spending time in France), it is implied to be a deliberate slight.
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Wolf Hall / int_edf8db61	type	Oh, My Gods!
Wolf Hall / int_edf8db61	comment	Oh, My Gods!: In keeping with the setting, characters frequently utter oaths in reference to Jesus and various saints. In some cases, these are blasphemous (i.e. Walter Cromwell's exclamation of "Creeping Christ"; Norfolk's swearing by the "thrice-beshitten shroud of Lazarus"; Cromwell's swearing by his patron saint and referencing the "bleached bones of Becket").
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Wolf Hall / int_ee64a5d7	type	Fever Dream Episode
Wolf Hall / int_ee64a5d7	comment	Fever Dream Episode: Towards the end of the first book, Cromwell's narration gets rather loopy, starting with thinking he's told Christophe to do something while half-awake but soon devolving into nonsensical events as a delirious fever takes hold of him. While rambling, he blames it on the snakebite from Italy.
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Wolf Hall / int_ef81dc82	type	Fantasy Sequence
Wolf Hall / int_ef81dc82	comment	Fantasy Sequence: Cromwell uses these as a tool to plot out his next moves. The second book has him twice populating an imaginary banquet with the Boleyns' adversaries as he realizes Anne is losing favor (and in the second, the Boleyns are served up as the main course). It's highly detailed with placement of chairs, dialogue, and movement of servants; probably it's related to his memory system. There's also a less ominous one when he meets Helen Barre and mentally constructs a new wardrobe to replace her worn, tatty clothes.
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Wolf Hall / int_f005700f	type	Conspicuous Consumption
Wolf Hall / int_f005700f	comment	Conspicuous Consumption: Cardinal Wolsey was known for his lavish style. Cromwell tends not to dwell on it because of his love for him, and the two of them had a game where Cromwell would price him by the yard—although Cromwell eventually admits to himself that it was a bit much. Others are quick to point out how expensive Wolsey's tastes were. Cromwell enjoys being wealthy and shows it off particularly with the women of his household, all of whom are turned out in high-quality and expensive fabrics. (As a former wool merchant, the fabrics they wear have their price by yard noted in his narration.)
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Wolf Hall / int_f1d6144a	type	War Is Hell
Wolf Hall / int_f1d6144a	comment	War Is Hell: The few glimpses back at Cromwell's mercenary career hint at this—harsh conditions, incompetent commanders, pain, and he was also on the French side in the Battle of Garigliano. The one where the Italians lost 900 and the French lost four thousand. Inasmuch as the chronology of Cromwell's life in Europe is made clear, that seems to have been the point when he dragged himself to the nearest house, which happened to be a famous banker's, to recover and find better work. That experience gives him much more perspective when arguing against war with France, since he knows the difference between saying "fifty miles from Paris" in Parliament and being the soldier who has to actually get there.
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Wolf Hall / int_f432c6bf	type	Glad I Thought of It
Wolf Hall / int_f432c6bf	comment	Glad I Thought of It: This is one of Cromwell's chief methods—he drops a few hints short of a full proposal, and a week later Henry is saying, "Cromwell, don't you think we should...?" Cromwell doesn't care about getting the credit; he just wants to get done whatever he's suggested.
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Wolf Hall / int_f76842b1	type	The Fundamentalist
Wolf Hall / int_f76842b1	comment	The Fundamentalist: Thomas More, who tortures heretics in his cellars and presides over the burning of six Protestants during his tenure. More is also said to practice self-flagellation and wears a hair shirt, practices that make Cromwell (who knew several of the condemned men) to wonder who even makes such instruments.
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Wolf Hall / int_f786350a	type	Dying Curse
Wolf Hall / int_f786350a	comment	Dying Curse: Christophe does one of these on Cromwell's behalf at the latter's execution (and possibly on his own behalf as well, since he's dragged away by guards immediately afterwards); wishing Henry to be rotted from the ground up and that he'll die in seven years time. The afterword of The Mirror and the Light states that Henry did indeed die seven years after Cromwell...
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Wolf Hall / int_f8c8175a	type	Malicious Slander
Wolf Hall / int_f8c8175a	comment	Malicious Slander: Lady Rochford is a spiteful gossip and she's been known to fabricate tales to spread around court. It's left unsaid if her accusations against her husband and Anne were true or not, especially since she hates George and longs to be rid of him.
Wolf Hall / int_f8c8175a	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_f8c8175a	featureConfidence	1.0
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Wolf Hall / int_fb7bc4a8	type	Never Trust a Title
Wolf Hall / int_fb7bc4a8	comment	Never Trust a Title: Although Wolf Hall is the home of the Seymours, virtually nothing that happens in the first book takes place there, and the Seymours themselves don't really become significant until Bring Up The Bodies. The author has said that, apart from the foreshadowing, she chose the title because the novel is set in the metaphorical den of wolves that is Henry's court.
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Wolf Hall / int_fb7bc4a8	featureConfidence	1.0
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Wolf Hall / int_fbd5c739	type	IHaveToGoIronMyDog
Wolf Hall / int_fbd5c739	comment	I Have to Go Iron My Dog: At one point, Cromwell tells Chapuys he put off the French ambassador because he was busy playing bowls with his household. At first it seems like a jest and a show that Chapuys doesn't have to worry about France, but when the French ambassador shows up later it turns out that really is what Cromwell said—the first thing the ambassador says is "not playing bowls again?"
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Wolf Hall / int_fcf82917	type	Wacky Cravings
Wolf Hall / int_fcf82917	comment	Wacky Cravings: During her pregnancy, Jane Seymour develops a craving for quails, and according to Gregory, she "sets into them as if they had done her an injury".
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Wolf Hall / int_fd32c5a1	type	Don't Make Me Destroy You
Wolf Hall / int_fd32c5a1	comment	Don't Make Me Destroy You: Cromwell's attitude towards Thomas More. He doesn't particularly want to kill him and tries to appeal to More's love of his family, downplays the importance of signing the oath by telling him to cross his fingers, sends in More's favorite daughter (that backfires since she's as righteous as he is), points out that being executed is painful, and at the end does everything short of sticking the quill in his hand and moving it over the page. More admits that he is afraid of dying, but he refuses all attempts at persuasion and maintains his loyalty to the Catholic Church.
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Wolf Hall / int_fe1ccea	type	Evil Parents Want Good Kids
Wolf Hall / int_fe1ccea	comment	Evil Parents Want Good Kids: More like "Morally Ambiguous Parents" in Cromwell's case, but he repeatedly talks about how he hopes Gregory won't have to get his hands dirty the way he does. He also tries to keep Gregory out of London while he's arranging Anne's demise, but Gregory turns up anyway because he wants to support his father.
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Wolf Hall / int_fe1ccea	featureConfidence	1.0
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Wolf Hall / int_ff17ccf1	type	Innocently Insensitive
Wolf Hall / int_ff17ccf1	comment	Innocently Insensitive: Gregory is a nice kid, but he hurts his father's feelings without meaning to from time to time.
Wolf Hall / int_ff17ccf1	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_ff17ccf1	featureConfidence	1.0
Wolf Hall	hasFeature	Wolf Hall / int_ff17ccf1
Wolf Hall / int_ff41780	type	Young Future Famous People
Wolf Hall / int_ff41780	comment	Young Future Famous People: Rafe would go on to be an ambassador, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, Secretary of State, and Privy Councillor to Henry VIII, Edward VI and Elizabeth I. He managed to serve three Tudor monarchs and then die of old age, an impressive feat all on its own.
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Wolf Hall / int_ff7f34c5	type	Pet the Dog
Wolf Hall / int_ff7f34c5	comment	Pet the Dog: Norfolk shows one bit of kindness towards Cromwell by asking "all right, lad?" the day after Henry bawled him out in public.
Wolf Hall / int_ff7f34c5	featureApplicability	1.0
Wolf Hall / int_ff7f34c5	featureConfidence	1.0
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Wolf Hall / int_ffad4e9f	type	Shown Their Work
Wolf Hall / int_ffad4e9f	comment	Shown Their Work: The books are filled with details about the exact make-up of Tudor England.
Wolf Hall / int_ffad4e9f	featureApplicability	1.0
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The following is a list of statements referring to the current page from other pages.

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wolfhall	sameAs	Wolf Hall

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