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While it's far more common for someone to work on a project and ultimately be left Uncredited, rarely, someone will receive credit for a work they did not actually do any work on at all. This is rather common within music, most commonly in the form of a band member, usually either a longtime core member on a brief hiatus, or a member added to group very late into production, being credited on a release that they did not actually perform on. Usually, artists aren't too keen on disclosing that someone who was alleged to have performed on an album didn't perform on it, and as such examples are usually only admitted to years after the fact, or even stay an Open Secret forever.
The opposite of this is an Uncredited Role, though the two concepts often overlap, as usually someone will be given a false credit in place of someone who was uncredited. See also Nominal Coauthor, when someone who only made minor contributions to a work is given equal credit as the major creators, and Alan Smithee, when someone asks for their credit to be removed.
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Dropped link to BonJovi: Not an Item - IGNORE
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Poltergeist (1982): While rumored long beforehand, actress Zelda Rubenstein confirmed that the director of the film was Steven Spielberg and not the credited Tobe Hooper, with John Leonetti also testifying that Spielberg was the true director. According to Leonetti, this was due to the possiblity of a director's strike, leading Tobe Hooper to be credited in order to avoid filming being shut down.
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Frankie Goes to Hollywood: The band's debut album, Welcome to the Pleasuredome, infamously saw producer Trevor Horn replace everyone except vocalist Holly Johnson with himself and various session musicians. Despite this, the full band is credited in the liner notes despite only one member contributing to the finished product.
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Whitesnake: Due to an injury, Adrian Vandenberg was unable to play on Slip of the Tongue, yet still received a credit as a guitarist. Despite the credit, his absence is still acknowledged with the message "Unfortunately, due to injury, Adrian was unable to perform on this recorded work. Our thanks to Steve [Vai] for fulfilling all guitar responsibilities".
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The continued use of fraudulent writing credits brought down the Canadian production company Cinar, whose work included Caillou, Arthur, TheBusyWorldOfRichardScarry and many, many others. Essentially, Cinar hired American writers for their shows, but defrauded the Canadian government by putting the names of Canadians in the writing credits, and then claiming millions in tax credit money for employing Canadians. The sister of prominent Canadian politician Jean Charest was listed as the author of over 100 Cinar-produced TV episodes that she did not write; other episodes were falsely credited to various relatives of Cinar executives. Cinar settled out of court, paying out over $20 million (Canadian) to various government agencies, but as a result of this and other financial misdeeds, the company eventually shut down. Separately, the company's two founders agreed to pay $1 million in restitution; Cinar co-founder Ronald A. Weinberg was later arrested for securities fraud and eventually sentenced to 8 years and 11 months in prison.
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Savatage: The liner notes for the album Handful of Rain list longtime bassist Johnny Lee Middleton and founding drummer Steve Wacholz, neither of which performed on the album. Both chose to not participate in the album's recording due to the death of Criss Oliva, though Middleton would return to the band for the album's tour and all albums afterward. Drum and bass parts on the album were actually handled by former lead vocalist Jon Oliva, who is only credited on the album as a session keyboardist and co-producer.
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The DanceDanceRevolution song "Back In Your Arms" is credited to "junnote Junko Karashima, at the time an in-house composer for Konami feat. DJ Silver vs Milo ft. Becca Hossany". Strangely, Milo released this song on Soundcloud three years before its DDR debut with no mention of jun anywhere (the artist tag is "Milo vs. Silver"), suggesting that her inclusion in the artist credits is this.
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Fear Factory: To date, Christian Olde Wolbers is the only bassist the band has had to perform on an album, with Andrew Shives and Byron Stroud being credited for their work on Soul of a New Machine and Transgression respectively despite not playing a note on the albums. Wolbers himself did not perform on Demanufacture. Bass on Fear Factory albums is usually handed by guitarist Dino Cazares or by Wolbers after his promotion to guitarist.
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The Cure: Their original drummer Lol Tolhurst's alcohol abuse reached its worst point during the making of Disintegration (Album), and the rest of the band say he spent the recording sessions too drunk to play anything. He's listed in the album credits due to contractual obligations, but they cryptically reference his actual level of involvement by only crediting him for playing "other instrument" (sic).
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When it was originally released, The Bridge on the River Kwai falsely credited Pierre Boulle, the author of the original novel, for adapting it to the screen. This was because the actual screenwriters, Carl Foreman and Michael Wilson, were on The Hollywood Blacklist at the time. Incidentally, Boulle couldn't even speak English, making the falsity of this credit extremely obvious, and it only became more awkward after the movie won the Oscar for best screenplay.
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Sepultura: While bassist Paulo Jr. is the only band member to be credited on every album the band released, frontman Max Cavalera later admitted that lead guitarists Andreas Kisser and Jairo Guedz played bass on the band's first five albums, due to Paulo's bass playing at the time being considered unsatisfactory. Paulo would make his actual recording debut on 1993's Chaos A.D.
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Frasier had an In-Universe example. He buys a painting said to have been painted by an eccentric artist and holds a party to unveil it. He also invites the artist herself to view it as well. When the painting is unveiled, the artist reveals that she didn't paint it and her name was put onto it fraudulently.
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In an unorthodox example, the seventh album from King Gizzard and the Lizard Wizard credits second drummer Eric Moore for "nothing."
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Bathory for many years were, according to their album credits, a trio consisting of vocalist/guitarist Quorthon, bassist Kothaar, and drummer Vvornth. Nowadays, however, it's well known that the latter two band members never existed at all, with bass and drum parts on the albums actually being the work of either Quorthon or uncredited session musicians, with friends of Quorthon's being used in band photos to sell the illusion of Kothaar and Vvornth's existence.
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