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The Sandman (1816)

 The Sandman (1816)
type
TVTItem
 The Sandman (1816)
label
The Sandman (1816)
 The Sandman (1816)
page
TheSandman1816
 The Sandman (1816)
comment
A short story by E. T. A. Hoffmann, first published in 1816.Nathanael is a young student, moved from his provincial home to a city where he attends university. It is there where he meets Coppola, a hawker of oculars and eye-glasses and a man whose looks and name have an uncanny similarity to the tormentor of Nathanael's childhood, the advocate Coppelius, the man Nathanael holds responsible for his father's death. Excited with the thought that Coppelius has assumed a new identity as Coppola and may yet be brought to justice, he discloses the circumstances of his father's tragic death in a letter to his friend Lothair:When Nathanael was very small, the mean, ugly Coppelius would often come at night to pursue alchemical experiments with Nathanael's father. Every night Coppelius came, Nathanael was sent to bed early with the words that "the Sandman comes" (as in: the Sandman that makes sure little children sleep), and so, little Nathanael thought that Coppelius was the Sandman. His fears were in no way stilled when a nanny told him the Sandman was a creature that rips out the eyes of children that won't sleep.One day Nathanael sneaked into his father's laboratory to watch the experiments and was severely traumatized when Coppelius discovered him and threw him into the fireplace, threatening to rip his eyes out. The father promised to stop the experiments, but when he went to the lab with Coppelius one last time, the lab exploded, killing him. Coppelius disappeared, never to be seen again.Nathanael's fiancée Clara – sister of Lothair — tries to talk Nathanael out of his obsession, and indeed Nathanael's agitation wears off when he comes to the conclusion that Coppola cannot be Coppelius, after all. Anyway, his mind is soon occupied by something entirely different when he becomes acquainted with his teacher Professor Spalanzani and falls madly in love with the Professor's beautiful daughter, Olimpia. If only he wouldn't keep running into Coppola...Probably the most analyzed piece of fiction by E. T. A. Hoffmann; interpreted, among others, by Sigmund Freud in his essay "The Uncanny".In 1870 it was adapted into the Lighter and Softer ballet Coppélia by Léo Delibes, and in 1881 it became the source for the "Olympia" act of Jacques Offenbach's opera The Tales of Hoffmann. It also served as inspiration for the 2007 Point-and-Click Adventure Game What Makes You Tick by Matthias Kempke, who subsequently worked on The Night of the Rabbit and Leisure Suit Larry: Wet Dreams Dry Twice. It was adapted into a 1991 animated short, The Sandman (1991).Can be read online in German.
 The Sandman (1816)
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2024-01-20T01:30:18Z
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2024-01-20T01:30:18Z
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Dropped link to TheSandman: Not a Feature - ITEM
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DBTropes
 The Sandman (1816) / int_141a6acb
type
Madness Mantra
 The Sandman (1816) / int_141a6acb
comment
Madness Mantra: Nathanael's "Spin 'round, pretty wooden doll..." after Olimpia turns out to be an automaton.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_141a6acb
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The Sandman (1816) / int_141a6acb
 The Sandman (1816) / int_30d2ae29
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Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
 The Sandman (1816) / int_30d2ae29
comment
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: Nathanael is convinced that Coppelius is out to ruin his life. His paranoia ends up driving him into insanity and, eventually, suicide.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_30d2ae29
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 The Sandman (1816) / int_351e7cf9
type
Romanticism Versus Enlightenment
 The Sandman (1816) / int_351e7cf9
comment
Romanticism Versus Enlightenment: Nathanael is a deeply passionate, emotionally volatile individual who believes that he is haunted by supernatural forces. His fiancée Clara, by contrast, is rational, level-headed and tries to convince him that his "haunting" is merely the result of a traumatic childhood experience.
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 The Sandman (1816) / int_3f45aa4b
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Epistolary Novel
 The Sandman (1816) / int_3f45aa4b
comment
Epistolary Novel: This story begins with a trio of letters between Nathanael, Lothair, and Clara, but then changes to the author narrating the rest of the events.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_3f45aa4b
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 The Sandman (1816) / int_40cc0c7e
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Bittersweet Ending
 The Sandman (1816) / int_40cc0c7e
comment
Bittersweet Ending: Nathanael goes insane, tries to murder Clara and commits suicide. Clara, however survives, and ends up Happily Married with children.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_40cc0c7e
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 The Sandman (1816) / int_5049f19d
type
Do Well, But Not Perfect
 The Sandman (1816) / int_5049f19d
comment
Do Well, But Not Perfect: After Olimpia is exposed as a robot, it becomes fashionable for ladies to sing or dance a bit out of tune in order to stay further away from the Uncanny Valley.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_5049f19d
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The Sandman (1816) / int_5049f19d
 The Sandman (1816) / int_6077534b
type
Clock Punk
 The Sandman (1816) / int_6077534b
comment
Clockpunk: Arguably one of the earliest representatives of the genre. The storyline features a highly sophisticated clockwork automaton, that is, Olimpia, as well as the spyglasses and barometers devised by Coppola that are also implied to have fantastic properties.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_6077534b
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 The Sandman (1816) / int_6941e30b
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Room Full of Crazy
 The Sandman (1816) / int_6941e30b
comment
Room Full of Crazy: The boy Nathanael develops a compulsion to draw the terrible Sandman of his imagination on walls and furniture:
 The Sandman (1816) / int_6941e30b
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 The Sandman (1816) / int_6a3c49f
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Direct Line to the Author
 The Sandman (1816) / int_6a3c49f
comment
Direct Line to the Author: The narrator (seemingly Hoffmann himself) says he knew Nathanael, Lothair and Clara.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_6a3c49f
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The Sandman (1816) / int_6a3c49f
 The Sandman (1816) / int_6b5a92dc
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Uncanny Valley
 The Sandman (1816) / int_6b5a92dc
comment
Uncanny Valley: Olimpia is so precise in singing and dancing that Nathaneal's friends notice there's something off about her, telling him: "We find your Olimpia quite uncanny, and prefer to have nothing to do with her. She seems to act like a living being, and yet has some strange peculiarity of her own."
 The Sandman (1816) / int_6b5a92dc
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The Sandman (1816) / int_6b5a92dc
 The Sandman (1816) / int_6bda9a30
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Meaningful Name
 The Sandman (1816) / int_6bda9a30
comment
Meaningful Name: Clara means "clear". Spalanzani is named after Lazzaro Spallanzani (1719-99), who invented (among other things) artificial fertilization in stockbreeding. Coppola means eye sockets in Italian.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_6bda9a30
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 The Sandman (1816) / int_6d332aea
type
Driven to Suicide
 The Sandman (1816) / int_6d332aea
comment
Driven to Suicide: Nathanael ends up going mad and, after attempting to kill Clara, jumps off a building to his death.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_6d332aea
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The Sandman (1816) / int_6d332aea
 The Sandman (1816) / int_7919a45b
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Duel to the Death
 The Sandman (1816) / int_7919a45b
comment
Duel to the Death: After Nathanael insults Clara for dismissing his poetry, he gets into a fight with Lothair and they agree on a duel with swords. Clara stops them by stepping between them and saying that if they want to kill each other, they should kill her first. Nathanael then has a Heel Realization, asks for Clara and Lothair's forgiveness and they reconcile.
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 The Sandman (1816) / int_83a903f6
type
Stepford Smiler
 The Sandman (1816) / int_83a903f6
comment
Stepford Smiler: Olimpia. Tellingly, Nathanael falls in love with her because unlike Clara she reacts uncritically positively to his lame poetic efforts.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_83a903f6
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 The Sandman (1816) / int_89b8822f
type
Go Mad from the Revelation
 The Sandman (1816) / int_89b8822f
comment
Go Mad from the Revelation: Nathanael, when he finds out that Olimpia was a machine. "Then madness dug her burning talons into him and swept down into his heart, rending his mind and thoughts to shreds."
 The Sandman (1816) / int_89b8822f
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The Sandman (1816) / int_89b8822f
 The Sandman (1816) / int_9381f239
type
Clockwork Creature
 The Sandman (1816) / int_9381f239
comment
Clockwork Creature: Olimpia is eventually revealed to be a highly sophisticated automaton.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_9381f239
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The Sandman (1816) / int_9381f239
 The Sandman (1816) / int_964163e9
type
Mistaken for Profound
 The Sandman (1816) / int_964163e9
comment
Mistaken for Profound: Olimpia can only react with "Ah! Ah!" to everything. Besotted Nathanael sees that as an indication of the depth of her feelings.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_964163e9
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The Sandman (1816) / int_964163e9
 The Sandman (1816) / int_968971cf
type
Naughty Birdwatching
 The Sandman (1816) / int_968971cf
comment
Naughty Birdwatching: Nathanael buys a telescope from Coppola, so he could watch Olimpia through the window.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_968971cf
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The Sandman (1816) / int_968971cf
 The Sandman (1816) / int_99208bf0
type
Eye Motifs
 The Sandman (1816) / int_99208bf0
comment
Eye Motifs: The Sandman, according to the old nanny, steals eyes. Coppelius threatened to rip Nathanael's eyes out. Coppola sells oculars and eye-glasses and his name means eye cavities. Spalanzani and Coppola fight over Olimpia's eyes.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_99208bf0
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The Sandman (1816) / int_99208bf0
 The Sandman (1816) / int_a2b38d3b
type
Eye Scream
 The Sandman (1816) / int_a2b38d3b
comment
Eye Scream: Nathanael's nurse scares him with a story about "the Sandman" who throws sand into childrens' eyes to make them pop out of their skulls. Coppelius later threatens to gouge out Nathanael's eyes when the latter is caught observing an alchemical experiment.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_a2b38d3b
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The Sandman (1816) / int_a2b38d3b
 The Sandman (1816) / int_a70223
type
Karma Houdini
 The Sandman (1816) / int_a70223
comment
Karma Houdini: By the end of the story, Coppelius has vanished without a trace and is never brought to justice for killing Nathanael's father, stealing Olimpia and driving Nathanael to suicide — assuming, of course, that he is actually guilty of the aforementioned crimes.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_a70223
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The Sandman (1816) / int_a70223
 The Sandman (1816) / int_aa2cd0c9
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Motifs
 The Sandman (1816) / int_aa2cd0c9
comment
Motifs: Eyes, glasses and lenses feature heavily in the story. Nathanael's deep-seated fear of losing his eyes (i.e. the ability to see things clearly) reflects his unstable mental state while the telescope he buys from Coppoloa and which he uses to spy on Olimpia serves as a metaphor for his unhealthy obsession that blinds him to the fact that the object of his affection is not even a real person.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_aa2cd0c9
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The Sandman (1816) / int_aa2cd0c9
 The Sandman (1816) / int_ad5283e1
type
Robot Girl
 The Sandman (1816) / int_ad5283e1
comment
Robot Girl: Olimpia is a robot constructed to look like an attractive young woman.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_ad5283e1
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 The Sandman (1816) / int_bc03c871
type
Child Hater
 The Sandman (1816) / int_bc03c871
comment
Child Hater: Coppelius. Children are instinctively repulsed by him, which he cruelly exploits.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_bc03c871
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The Sandman (1816) / int_bc03c871
 The Sandman (1816) / int_beb91a53
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Mad Scientist's Beautiful Daughter
 The Sandman (1816) / int_beb91a53
comment
Mad Scientist's Beautiful Daughter: Olimpia is the beautiful daughter of Nathanael's excentric professor Spalanzani. Subverted in that she is not his actual daughter, but a robot he built.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_beb91a53
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The Sandman (1816) / int_beb91a53
 The Sandman (1816) / int_bec0417c
type
Happily Married
 The Sandman (1816) / int_bec0417c
comment
Happily Married: The story concludes with a brief paragraph informing the reader that Clara eventually married a man who truly loved her, had two children with him and finally found the domestic happiness she had always longed for.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_bec0417c
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The Sandman (1816) / int_bec0417c
 The Sandman (1816) / int_bef696dd
type
Mind Screw
 The Sandman (1816) / int_bef696dd
comment
Mind Screw: Is Coppola Coppelius or not? If he is, how did he get the Italian accent? Are there demonic powers out to get Nathanael, or is he just imagining that? And how could anybody with early 1800s technology build a lifelike robot that gets mistaken for a human being?
 The Sandman (1816) / int_bef696dd
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The Sandman (1816) / int_bef696dd
 The Sandman (1816) / int_c335b9ec
type
Irony
 The Sandman (1816) / int_c335b9ec
comment
Irony: Nathanael calls Clara a lifeless automaton for not appreciating his poetry. He ends up falling in love with Olimpia, an actual lifeless automaton.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_c335b9ec
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The Sandman (1816) / int_c335b9ec
 The Sandman (1816) / int_c3c18143
type
Hope Spot
 The Sandman (1816) / int_c3c18143
comment
Hope Spot: After Nathanael nearly strangles Spalanzani to death in a fit of madness, he spends some time in an asylum where he seems to recover from his traumatic experiences, reconciles with Clara and Lothaire, and finally decides to marry Clara. Everything seems fine until Nathanael looks at Clara through Coppola's telescope, causing him to relapse into his delusion and attempt to murder Clara under the belief that she is an automaton like Olimpia. Lothair manages to save Clara, but Nathanael commits suicide.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_c3c18143
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The Sandman (1816) / int_c3c18143
 The Sandman (1816) / int_c4b09e97
type
Doppelgänger
 The Sandman (1816) / int_c4b09e97
comment
Doppelgänger: Coppola and Coppelius (provided they are not one and the same).
 The Sandman (1816) / int_c4b09e97
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 The Sandman (1816) / int_cb70651c
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Maybe Magic, Maybe Mundane
 The Sandman (1816) / int_cb70651c
comment
Maybe Magic, Maybe Mundane: The main conflict between Nathanael and Clara comes down to the fact that the former blames Coppelius, whom he believes to be some kind of demon or bogeyman, for all his misfortunes whereas the latter believes that there is a rational explanation for everything and that Nathanael is merely imagining things. While Nathanael is clearly mentally unstable and therefore not the most reliable source of information, there are some aspects of the story that cannot be easily explained in a rational manner: Coppelius disappears instantly and without leaving a trace after Nathanael's father is killed in an explosion and again after he steals Olimpia from Spalanzani, but suddenly returns at the end of the story just in time to witness Nathanael's mental breakdown and attempted murder of Clara, as if he knew what would happen. His sudden appearance is what ultimately causes Nathanael to take his own life, after which Coppelius disappears once more. Sheer coincidence or proof that Coppelius really was conspiring with dark forces to ruin Nathanael’s life? For that matter, the telescope which Nathanael buys from Coppola (who is later revealed to be Coppelius' alter ego) seems to warp his perception to an uncanny degree. He has some interest in Olimpia even before he buys the telescope, but he becomes fixated with watching her after buying it and his infatuation grows to the point that he’s willing to leave Clara for her, unaware that Olimpia is actually an automaton. At the end of the story, when he watches Clara through the same telescope, he suddenly becomes convinced that she is an automaton as well and tries to throw her off a building. Are these events merely the result of his mental instability or is the telescope cursed?
 The Sandman (1816) / int_cb70651c
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 The Sandman (1816) / int_d038afba
type
Creating Life
 The Sandman (1816) / int_d038afba
comment
Creating Life: From what Nathanael saw in his father's lab, it seems that Coppelius and the father were trying to create a homunculus or mechanical human.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_d038afba
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 The Sandman (1816) / int_e6ab61d
type
Magic Realism
 The Sandman (1816) / int_e6ab61d
comment
Magic Realism: Even with Olimpia's limited repertoir of behavior, her existence breaks the confines of the possible. And while the public is astonished, they are not nearly astonished enough — more like indignant that Spalanzani has introduced a machine into society.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_e6ab61d
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 The Sandman (1816) / int_eb81c601
type
Big Damn Heroes
 The Sandman (1816) / int_eb81c601
comment
Big Damn Heroes: When Nathanael tries to throw Clara off a steeple, Lothaire comes to the rescue, breaks down a door barring his way, and forces the lunatic to relinquish his victim with a single punch to the face.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_eb81c601
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 The Sandman (1816) / int_fa6bfde9
type
Have a Gay Old Time
 The Sandman (1816) / int_fa6bfde9
comment
Have a Gay Old Time: Olimpia is once referred to as blöde, which in contemporary German means "stupid"; accordingly some English translations have Spalanzani refer to his own daughter as "the stupid girl". However, in Hoffmann's time blöd meant, among other thingsnote The original basic meaning is "weak", "feeble""short-sighted".
 The Sandman (1816) / int_fa6bfde9
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 The Sandman (1816) / int_fb6b207f
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You Killed My Father
 The Sandman (1816) / int_fb6b207f
comment
You Killed My Father: Nathanael believes Coppelius is responsible for his father's death.
 The Sandman (1816) / int_fb6b207f
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 The Sandman (1816) / int_fb76b6ec
type
Kiss Me, I'm Virtual
 The Sandman (1816) / int_fb76b6ec
comment
Kiss Me, I'm Virtual: Nathanael falls deeply in love with Olimpia (even forgetting his hometown fiancée in the process) — then going mad when he finds out that Olimpia is merely an automaton constructed by her supposed "father". He failed to notice that Olimpia actually was quite mind- and lifeless and could only perform mechanical actions, and the "deep understanding" Nathanael detected was entirely his own imagination.
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The Sandman (1816)

The following is a list of statements referring to the current page from other pages.

 Isaac Asimov Presents the Best Science Fiction of the 19th Century
processingUnknown
The Sandman (1816)
 The Sandman (1816)
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Clock Punk / int_b1e38bfe
 The Sandman (1816)
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Kiss Me, I'm Virtual / int_b1e38bfe
 The Sandman (1816)
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Naughty Birdwatching / int_b1e38bfe
 The Sandman (1816)
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Painting the Frost on Windows / int_b1e38bfe
 The Sandman (1816)
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Public Domain Character / int_b1e38bfe
 The Sandman (1816)
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Robot and A.I. Works / int_b1e38bfe
 The Sandman (1816)
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Robot Girl / int_b1e38bfe